What are the consequences of environmental hazards?
The standard of the World Health Organization is 20 micrograms.
Only 1% of urban residents in China live below the standard of 40 micrograms, and 58% of urban residents live in the air above the standard of 100 micrograms.
In recent years, the word "smog" has appeared more and more frequently in various media.
Fog is mainly composed of water droplets, while haze is mainly composed of dry particles.
Now fog and haze have been intertwined, forming a haze weather.
In June 5438+February 2007 alone, the number of foggy days in Guangzhou reached 22 days.
The haze weather in Shenzhen in 2006 was 164 days, and it reached 23 1 day in 2007.
The smog weather in Shenzhen is not unique, and cities in the Pearl River Delta are affected by this regional smog.
Industrial development has exceeded the environmental load, and the Pearl River Delta has changed from mechanical pollution and chemical pollution to the coexistence of multiple kinds of pollution.
It took developed countries 200 years to complete this pollution process, and it only took us 30 years.
The dense agglomeration of cities has reduced the air pollution buffer zone that used to exist in the urban-rural junction. On the one hand, it makes it difficult for pollutants to spread, on the other hand, it also makes many cities become a polluted whole.
The formation of smog will promote the prevalence of various infectious diseases. Living in such an atmospheric environment for a long time will greatly weaken people's physical resistance.
We need to breathe 15 cubic meters of air every day. People in cities are equivalent to vacuum cleaners and filter 15 cubic meters of air every day. In this way, fine particle pollution will do more harm to our health than Chernobyl nuclear radiation.
The biggest influence is the two ends of human physiological age-children and the elderly.
The effects of air pollution on the mortality of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Beijing were 4 1 and 59 person/day respectively, and the economic losses of premature death were 25.5 million yuan and 369 1 10,000 yuan respectively.
The economic losses caused by air pollution to residents' health can not be ignored.
In 2004, air pollution in China caused more than 350,000 deaths, about 640,000 people were hospitalized due to respiratory and circulatory diseases, and 256,000 people suffered from chronic bronchitis, resulting in economic losses as high as 65.438+052.74 billion yuan.
National environmental experts further confirmed that "the data in recent years are generally similar to those in 2004."
195212 February London's "Fog Capital Disaster", in which more than 4,700 people died of respiratory diseases. A few months after the disaster, more than 8,000 people died.
At that time, the concentration of soot particles in British fog was 4 mg per cubic meter.
On February 28th, 2007, at 65438, the hourly peak concentration of individual stations in a big city in northern China reached 1mg/m3.
The pollutants in London fog are mainly sulfides produced by coal burning, while the pollutants in urban air in China are more complicated and the pollution situation is more severe.
We should be alert to the recurrence of the London fog and haze disaster in China, and we should not wait for the accident to happen before responding passively.
The OECD report predicts that air pollution in China will cause 20 million people to suffer from respiratory diseases every year.
By 2020, pollution will lead to "premature death of 600,000 urban residents in China, with 20 million cases of respiratory diseases and 5.5 million cases of chronic bronchitis and health damage every year."
This may lead to China's GDP loss 13%.
The seriousness of the ecological environment crisis in China can be summarized as "after years of accumulation, China has now formed the most extensive, deepest and most influential environmental pollution and ecological destruction in the world, and is approaching the bottom line of environmental security."
In China, environmental problems are not a single economic problem. With the awakening of people's environmental awareness, environmental problems are becoming serious social problems and may evolve into social crises that are not conducive to social harmony.
What's more, if the harm caused by environmental pollution in China is too great, it is likely to completely subvert the well-off achievements of China's years of reform and become an explosive political issue.