China Naming Network - Fortune telling knowledge - A brief introduction to the characteristics of folk houses in southern Anhui, about 50 to 100 words

A brief introduction to the characteristics of folk houses in southern Anhui, about 50 to 100 words

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The biggest difference between Wannan Ancient Village and other villages is that, The construction and development of ancient villages in southern Anhui have to a considerable extent broken away from dependence on agriculture. The consciousness, lifestyle and taste of the residents of the ancient village have greatly surpassed the ideology of farmers and the general citizen class, and they pursue a life style consistent with the literati and official classes, so they have a strong cultural flavor. On the basis of basic timing, Wannan Ancient Village adopted different decoration methods, built small courtyards, dug pools, installed leaky windows, cleverly installed bonsais, carved beams and painted buildings, and inscribed orchid plaques to create an elegant living environment, all of which reflected the extremely high standards of local residents. Cultural quality and artistic accomplishment. Answered by: Feng Qingyang Yu Han | Level 1 | 2011-3-7 22:31

Beijing Siheyuan:

Beijing Siheyuan is a brick-wood structure Beijing Siheyuan building with shelves. Purlins, columns, beams (trusses), sills, rafters, doors, windows, partitions, etc. are all made of wood, and the wooden house shelves are surrounded by brick walls. The beams, columns, doors, windows and cornices and rafters all need to be painted. Although it is not as magnificent as the palace garden, it is still colorful. It is customary to build walls with ground bricks and broken bricks. It is said that "Beijing has three treasures...the walls built with rotten bricks will not fall down." Most of the roof tiles are made of blue tiles, with the front and back interlocking, and dripping water installed in front of the eaves, or no tiles are laid, and the whole roof is plastered with green ash, which is called "grey shed".

Mongolian yurt:

The traditional housing of the Mongolian nomads. In ancient times, it was called Qionglu, also known as felt tent, and Yu nomadic. It has been around since the time of the Xiongnu and is still used today. The yurt is round in shape, and the surrounding side walls are divided into several blocks. Each block is about 13 meters high and is covered with woven strips of wood. In nomadic areas, it is mostly of the swimming type. The nomadic type is divided into two types: detachable and non-detachable. The former is carried by livestock, and the latter is carried by oxcart. Herders such as Ke and other ethnic groups also live in yurts when they are nomadic.

The yurt is mainly composed of three parts: frame wood, thatch, and ropes. It does not require cement, adobe, bricks or tiles, and the raw materials are either wood or wool. It can be described as a wonder in the history of architecture and a major contribution of the nomadic people.

Southern Anhui folk houses:

Xidi and Hongcun in Yixian County are the most representative of the folk houses in southern Anhui. They were included in the "World Heritage List" in 2000.

There are more than 140 well-preserved ancient dwellings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Hongcun. The rows of stacked courtyards in the village complement each other with the beautiful lakes and mountains. The movement and stillness are harmonious, and the scenery is everywhere, making you step into the picture. Hongcun, with its wonderful pastoral scenery, is known as the "Village in Chinese Paintings". There are 124 ancient residences from the Ming and Qing Dynasties and 3 ancestral halls existing in Xidi. The "Three Wonders" (residences, ancestral halls, and archways) and the "Three Carvings" (wood carvings, stone carvings, and brick carvings) that represent the Huizhou style of residential architecture are well preserved here.

Reference: /question/142197135.html?fr=qrl&cid=206&index=2&fr2=query

Answer: 1226636686 | Level 2 | 2011-3-8 12:16 < /p>

Wannan folk houses

Features

White walls and black tiles are the outstanding impression of Huizhou architecture. The well-proportioned horse head wall not only has the beauty of shape, but more importantly, it has the practical function of firewall to block the spread of fire. One of the characteristics of Huizhou folk houses is the high walls and deep courtyards. On the one hand, it is to protect against thieves, and on the other hand, it is the need for psychological security for migratory families who have suffered from displacement. Another characteristic of Huizhou folk houses is the inward courtyard formed with a deep patio as the center, surrounded by high walls. There are almost no tiles visible from the outside. Only the narrow patio is used for lighting and ventilation to communicate with the outside world. This basic form with the patio as the center and enclosed by high walls is the focus of people's attention. On rainy days, the rainwater flowing from the roofs on all sides flows into the patio, which is commonly known as "the four waters return to the hall". It also vividly reflects the mentality of Huizhou merchants that "the rich water does not flow out of the fields", which is similar to Shanxi folk houses.

Structure

Wannan residential buildings are buildings with more than two floors, with a small patio enclosed in the middle, and the hall is located on the north side of the patio. There are no walls, doors or windows between the hall and the patio, so it is an open space. On the north side of the hall, that is, at the rear, there is a wooden Taishi wall. On both sides of the Taishi wall are doors without door leaves. Furniture such as the long table and the Eight Immortals table are placed in front of the Taishi wall.

On the east and west sides of the hall, there are several sets of armchairs and coffee tables respectively. People often place some utensils on them as decoration.

Cultural Characteristics

The site selection, layout and architectural form of Nangu residential villages are all guided by Zhouyi Feng Shui theory, which embodies the traditional Chinese philosophical thought of the unity of nature and man and the understanding of the universe. Natural yearning and respect. Those elegant residential buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are closely integrated with nature, creating a living environment that is both scientific and interesting, which is the essence of traditional Chinese residential buildings. The village's unique water system is a model of water conservancy engineering that combines practicality and aesthetics, deeply embodying mankind's outstanding wisdom in utilizing nature and transforming it. Its "layout workmanship, structural ingenuity, decorative beauty, exquisite construction, and profound cultural connotation" are rare among ancient residential buildings in China. Among the many unique Hui-style residential villages in southern Anhui, Hongcun is the most representative. From the overall appearance, Hongcun is a unique cow-shaped ancient village in the ancient peach blossom garden. It has both mountain and forest scenery and water town style. It is known as the "countryside in Chinese paintings". Every household in the village is connected by a waterway, with gurgling clear springs flowing through each household. The stacked courtyards complement the lakes and mountains. There are scenery everywhere, and you can step into the picture step by step. Strolling around in the courtyard is intoxicating. Answered by: Tears - Water | Level 1 | 2011-3-11 23:07

The Queen Mother is very good, very good, and the volume of the Queen Mother is one. Someone is like a fish and gives you steel. The personal style of Bainaohui with several numbers is the same as the residence chart. Answered by: Enthusiastic netizen | 2011-3-12 14:56

Wannan residences:

Wannan residences in Yi County Xidi and Hongcun are the most representative and were included in the "World Heritage List" in 2000.

Xidi and Hongcun in Yixian County are the most representative of the folk houses in southern Anhui. They were included in the "World Heritage List" in 2000.

Blue tiles and white walls are the outstanding impressions of Huizhou architecture. The well-proportioned horse head wall not only has the beauty of shape, but more importantly, it has the practical function of fire prevention and blocking the spread of fire.

One of the characteristics of Huizhou folk houses is the high walls and deep courtyards. On the one hand, it is to protect against thieves, and on the other hand, it is the need for psychological security for migratory families who have suffered from displacement.

Another characteristic of Huizhou folk houses is the inward courtyard formed with a deep patio as the center, surrounded by high walls. There are almost no tiles visible outside, and only the long and narrow patio provides lighting, ventilation and connection with the outside world. communicate. This basic form with the patio as the center and enclosed by high walls is the focus of people's attention. On rainy days, the rainwater flowing from the roofs on all sides flows into the patio, which is commonly known as "the four waters return to the hall". It also vividly reflects the mentality of Huizhou merchants that "the rich water does not flow out of the fields", which is similar to Shanxi folk houses.

There are 365 ancient buildings in Shexian County, more than 100 valuable ones, and 27 ancient ancestral halls, concentrated in Xiongcun, Chengkan, Qiankou, Tangyue, Shendu and other villages. There are more than 100 ancient buildings in Jixi today, concentrated in Homtou, Hangkou, Fengcun, Shangzhuang and other places. Ancient villages generally consist of archways, houses, ancestral halls, water mouths, road pavilions, workshops, etc. Some villages are very large, such as Chengkan, which has 99 streets and lanes. Strangers often get lost after entering. Many villages have a well-organized layout, and the water system in Hongcun is an example. Hongcun built a dam near the mountain at the head of the village. The water canals in the village enter each household from both sides of the street and merge into the Yuetang in the middle of the village. Then it is diverted to households and flows into Nanhu Lake. Each household has large and small channels for washing and drinking water. The layout of residential buildings is generally a three-heyuan or four-heyyuan with a patio as the center and two floors. Medium-sized and large-sized houses are composed of multiple courtyards, and the buildings are all painted with white walls and black tiles. Many of the buildings of wealthy families in the old days were large in scale and decorated with three Huizhou carvings, with exquisite and well-proportioned layouts. Pieces of ancient buildings in southern Anhui are embedded in the vast famous mountains and beautiful waters of Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Xin'an River. They are a perfect match between heaven and earth, just like a world-class park that needs no decoration.

The folk houses in Wannan are buildings with more than two floors, with a small patio enclosed in the middle, and the hall is located on the north side of the patio. There are no walls, doors or windows between the hall and the patio, so it is an open space. On the north side of the hall, that is, at the rear, there is a wooden Taishi wall. On both sides of the Taishi wall are doors without door leaves. Furniture such as the long table and the Eight Immortals table are placed in front of the Taishi wall. On the east and west sides of the hall, there are several groups of back chairs and coffee tables respectively. People often place some utensils on them as decoration.

--"Three wonders" (residential houses, ancestral halls, archways) and "three carvings" (wood carvings, stone carvings, and brick carvings)!

The folk houses in southern Anhui include Xidi and Hong Kong in Yi County The village is the most representative and was included in the "World Heritage List" in 2000.

There are more than 140 well-preserved ancient dwellings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Hongcun. The rows of stacked courtyards in the village complement each other with the beautiful lakes and mountains. The movement and stillness are harmonious, and the scenery is everywhere, making you step into the picture. Hongcun, with its wonderful pastoral scenery, is known as the "Village in Chinese Paintings". There are 124 ancient residences from the Ming and Qing Dynasties and 3 ancestral halls existing in Xidi. The "three wonders" (residences, ancestral halls, and archways) and the "three carvings" (wood carvings, stone carvings, and brick carvings) that represent the Huizhou style of residential architecture are well preserved here.

The folk houses in southern Anhui are famous for preserving a large number of ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xin'an is a cultural town with many officials and merchants in history. In She County alone, there are hundreds of non-commissioned officers above the rank of civil servant. Huizhou merchants spread throughout southern Anhui. "Among the wealthy families, Xin'an is the first in Jiangnan." Their huge wealth has created this exquisite ancient residential museum in southern Anhui. The ancient buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties that exist in Huizhou today are mainly concentrated in Yi County, She County, Jixi and Xiuning. There are more than ten ancient villages in Yixian County, including Xidi, Hongcun, Bishan, Pingshan, etc. There are more ancient buildings in Yicheng. Hundreds of valuable ancient buildings are preserved throughout the county. There are 122 buildings in Xidi alone. There are 365 ancient buildings in Shexian County, more than 100 valuable ones, and 27 ancient ancestral halls, concentrated in Xiongcun, Chengkan, Qiankou, Tangyue, Shendu and other villages. There are more than 100 ancient buildings in Jixi today, concentrated in Homtou, Hangkou, Fengcun, Shangzhuang and other places. Ancient villages generally consist of archways, houses, ancestral halls, water mouths, road pavilions, workshops, etc. Some villages are very large, such as Chengkan, which has 99 streets and lanes. Strangers often get lost after entering. Many villages have a well-organized layout, and the water system in Hongcun is an example. Hongcun built a dam near the mountain at the head of the village. The water canals in the village enter each household from both sides of the street and merge into the Yuetang in the middle of the village. Then it is diverted to households and flows into Nanhu Lake. Each household has large and small channels for washing and drinking water.

The layout of residential buildings is generally a three-heyuan or four-heyyuan with a patio as the center and two floors. Medium-sized and large-sized houses are composed of multiple courtyards, and the buildings are all painted with white walls and black tiles. Many of the buildings of wealthy families in the old days were large in scale and decorated with three Huizhou carvings, with exquisite and well-proportioned layouts. Pieces of ancient buildings in southern Anhui are embedded in the vast famous mountains and beautiful waters of Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Xin'an River. They are a perfect match between heaven and earth, just like a world-class park that needs no decoration.

Huizhou was called Xin'an in ancient times, and it covers the southern Anhui area centered on Huangshan Mountain. It is adjacent to Jiangxi and Zhejiang, with a total area of 9,807 square kilometers and a total population of 1.43 million. The area is divided into "eight mountains, half water, half fields, and one road and manor." Since Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty changed the name of Xin'an to Huizhou, it has been used to this day.

In ancient times, Huizhou consisted of six counties: Yi County, She County, Xiuning, Qimen, Jixi, and Wuyuan (now under the jurisdiction of Jiangxi Province). Since the founding of the Qin Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, the long historical accumulation, coupled with the humid monsoon climate of the northern subtropics, and the people living in this area known as a "natural park" have used their own intelligence to create unique Huizhou folk houses. Architectural style. On the land of ancient Huizhou, there were a total of 7,000 ancient residential buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and more than 100 ancient villages in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Huizhou's ancient residential buildings are of various forms, with a total of about fifteen types. Such as ancient cities, ancient villages and towns, ancestral temples, temples, academies, gardens, stages, archways, passes, bridges, towers, pavilions, embankments, springs, and villages. Huizhou has a long history and profound cultural heritage. Although it has beautiful mountains and rivers, a humid and warm climate, and rich products, its land is limited, its villages are densely populated, and farmers' lives are difficult. In ancient times, Huizhou was rich in wood, tea, and silk.

Therefore, life forces people to leave their hometowns and seek development outside their homes. Although there are some who die in a foreign country or achieve nothing in the end, most of them rely on their own hard work and wisdom to achieve success in their studies, gain from their work, and benefit from their careers. Some people developed from operating timber, tea, silk, and rice to operating salt, and soon became very wealthy households. During the peak period of business in Xidi Village, Yi County, there were more than 100 shops. Hu Guansan, the 20th generation ancestor of the Hu family, not only ran the pawn business, but also ran the tea and rice business. He was known as the "Thirty-six Dian" and "Seven and a Half Streets". He was one of the six richest men in Jiangnan at that time, with a family fortune of "five million gold." During the Qing Dynasty In the second half of the century, no less than 20 Huizhou merchants in Nanping Village, Yi County, were known as "one hundred thousand rich". After these Huizhou merchants became rich and distinguished their ancestors, they built large-scale construction projects and expanded their estates. Influenced by Confucianism, they built houses. After building a wealthy family, they combined Confucianism and businessmen, government and businessmen for development, established schools, respected Confucianism, and followed the path of learning and excellence. Therefore, when building houses, many Huizhou merchants built buildings and expanded gardens according to the grades prescribed by the government. , this is the reason why Huizhou ancient residential buildings are formed.

As long as the architecture can be called art, it must have its own unique shape and unique style. On the one hand, it is the Huizhou style that retains the integrity, the unity of style, the diversity of shapes, and the artistry of form; on the other hand, it has very rich historical and cultural connotations. Huizhou people advocate the beauty of nature and pursue the height between man and nature. The harmony and unity. This is reflected in the feng shui beauty of Huizhou architecture.

They took advantage of the environment of Huizhou mountainous areas where "high and low directions are different, and there are differences between yin and yang." Feng shui treasures are chosen to build villages in order to seek blessings from God, abundant food and clothing, and prosperous descendants. In ancient Huizhou, almost every village had a certain feng shui basis, or it was located at the foot of a mountain, a mountain dock, or a mountain pass. Some are in the shape of a horn, such as Wuyuan Xikeng; some are in the shape of a bow, such as Wuyuan Taibaisi; and some are in the shape of a belt, such as Wuyuan. High sand; some are zigzag-shaped, such as Wuyuan plum forest; some are wave-shaped, such as Xidi, Yixian County; some are cloud-aggregated, such as Qiankou, Shexian County; some are dragon-shaped, such as Jiangcun, Shexian County; There are also half-moon, T-shaped, herringbone, mouth-shaped, square-printed, arc-shaped, straight-line, etc. shapes.

In the ancient residential buildings in Huizhou, the strict Confucian hierarchy and the feudal moral values of distinction between superiority and inferiority, distinction between men and women, and ordering of elders and younger ones are also very obvious. The perfect unity of practicality and artistry is another typical feature of Huizhou folk houses. Most of the ancient dwellings in Huizhou are located near mountains and rivers. The mountains can block the wind, making it easy to get firewood for cooking and heating, and they also give people a sense of beauty. Villages are built next to water, which can not only facilitate drinking and washing, but also irrigate farmland and beautify the environment. The ancient village of Huiju has relatively rough streets, wide and tall white gables, and unique gray horse-head walls.

This structure saves land, facilitates fire prevention, theft prevention, cooling, and moisture-proofing, and makes each house strictly distinguishable. The white walls and gray tiles of the house are very beautiful among the green mountains and green waters. The patio of Huiju can be ventilated and lighted, and water can be brought back into the house. It also adapts to the simple mentality of not letting the rich water flow out of the field.

In the old days, urban and rural residences in Huizhou were mostly buildings with brick and wood structures. The Ming Dynasty was characterized by spacious upstairs. After the Qing Dynasty, there were mostly three-room houses with one light (hall) and two darks (left and right bedrooms) and four-bedroom houses with one light and four darks. Multiple entries into one room. The gate is decorated with stone and brick carvings of landscapes and figures. The gatehouse has double eaves and flying corners, and there are patios at each entrance to provide ventilation and light. Rainwater flows into the gutter through the water gutter. Commonly known as "Sishui Guitang", which means "wealth does not flow out". There are partition walls between each entrance, and a high fire wall (horse head wall) is built around it. From a distance, it looks like an ancient castle. Generally, a family lives together, the middle door is closed, and each family lives alone. The middle door is opened, and a large door is used to enter and exit to pay homage to the ancestors. The climate in the mountainous areas of Huizhou is humid, so people generally use the upstairs as their main habitat for daily life, preserving the legacy of the "nest dwelling" of the indigenous Shanyue people. The halls upstairs are generally relatively spacious, with halls, bedrooms and wing rooms, and there is also a "beauty couch" along the patio.

North-facing residence: Unless the terrain is special, the best orientation for a house would be north-south. However, most of the houses built in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties had their doors facing north. It turns out that there were many taboos in the living habits of the ancient Hui people. In the Han Dynasty, there was a popular saying that "it is not advisable for merchants' doors to face south and for merchants' doors to go north". The reason is, according to the Five Elements: Shang belongs to gold, and the south belongs to fire, and fire overcomes metal, which is unlucky; Zheng belongs to fire, and the north belongs to water, and water restrains fire, which is also unlucky. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Huizhou, Huizhou merchants were at their peak. Once they made a fortune, they would return to their hometowns to build houses. For the sake of good luck, the doors never faced south, and they all lived north-facing. To this day, Huizhou still retains tens of thousands of ancient residential buildings facing north.

Huizhou Houses: Houses in Huizhou are very deep, with a vestibule at the entrance, a patio in the middle, and a living hall at the back. The hall is separated from the back hall by a middle door. There are two bedrooms in the back hall, and there are two bedrooms in the back hall. It is a fire sealing wall, with a patio built against the wall and wing rooms on both sides. This is the first entrance. The structure of the second entrance is still divided into two halls on a ridge, with two courtyards at the front and back, with partitions in the middle, four bedrooms and two halls. The structure of the third entrance, the fourth entrance or more entrances in the future is all the same, one entrance is nested inside another, forming a house within a house.

Double eaves: Huizhou folk houses are all built with double eaves. The formation of this custom of double eaves has a widely circulated story. It is said that during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Shezhou was under the jurisdiction of Li Yu, the later lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin launched the Chenqiao mutiny, established the Song Dynasty, and personally marched to Shezhou. When Song Taizu arrived outside Haiyang City in present-day Xiuning County, the sky suddenly changed and heavy rain was approaching. Taizu took shelter in a tile-roofed house to avoid disturbing the people. Zu ordered not to enter indoors, but the eaves of Huizhou folk houses are very small, far less than the length of eaves in the Central Plains. In addition, it was a windy and rainy day, and everyone was soaked. After the rain, the sky cleared, and the residents opened the door to find Taizu in this state. They thought that they could not escape the death penalty and knelt down. However, Taizu did not blame him and asked: Why are the eaves of Shezhou's houses so narrow? The villagers replied, "This is inherited from our ancestors, and it has always been like this." Taizu said, "Although the old system from our ancestors cannot be changed, you can build another eaves below to help passersby shelter from the rain." Village Gate 1 The pavilion was justified, so he immediately complied with the request. From then on, gradually all the houses in Huizhou were built with upper and lower eaves.

Full-top bed: Huizhou traditional bed. Because the top, back and head of the bed are all surrounded by wooden boards, it is called a "full-top bed". A curtain is hung in front of the bed, like a message stand. Bed posts are mostly made of torreya wood, because the torreya tree has flowers and fruits that grow on the same tree for several years, so it has the aura of "four generations living under one roof" and "five generations of prosperity". Bed boards are usually made of 7 pieces, which means "five men and two women". The front of the bed is more exquisitely carved. The left and right sides are usually decorated with "Danfeng Chaoyang" and the upper tooth plate is carved with "Double Dragons Playing with Pearls". The railings around the bed are usually carved with exquisite patterns such as "Phoenix Playing with Peonies", "Squirrel and Grapes", "Mandarin Ducks Playing in Water".

Painting table: a traditional furnishing of Huizhou residences. Many paintings and couplets are hung on the middle wall of the halls of Huizhou folk houses, or the five words "Heaven, Earth, Lord, Prince, Master" are written on large red paper, all of which are framed into scrolls and hung. A long table is set up under the scroll, and two saddle-shaped painting legs are placed on the table. The scroll is unfolded downward to the long table and placed in the "saddle" of the painting legs. The painting will be flat and stable. This long table is called " Pressing table".

Architecture is a symbol of social civilization in a historical period and a microcosm of social life at that time.

In the hundreds of years of ups and downs, Huizhou people have faced the turbulent historical changes, the smoke and flames of war, and the destruction of nature and man-made, using their lives and blood to preserve it for future generations. A precious treasure house of folk residential art. Since the reform and opening up, protecting historical and cultural heritage has become a sacred duty of government departments at all levels from the central to local levels. Many heritage sites like Xidi and Hongcun have been declared as world cultural heritage protection units. Many ancient villages in Shexian, Wuyuan, and Yixian counties have been protected and developed into tourist attractions. Many local governments have taken various measures to protect and renovate ancient dwellings. Huizhou’s ancient dwellings are like polished pearls. It is radiating more dazzling brilliance Answer: Duan Xujie 2 | Level 2 | 2011-3-12 22:08

Xidi and Hongcun, Yi County, are the most representative residential areas in southern Anhui. In 2000, they were Included in the "World Heritage List".

There are more than 140 well-preserved ancient dwellings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Hongcun. The rows of stacked courtyards in the village complement each other with the beautiful lakes and mountains. The movement and stillness are harmonious, and the scenery is everywhere, making you step into the picture. Hongcun, with its wonderful pastoral scenery, is known as the "Village in Chinese Paintings". There are 124 ancient residences from the Ming and Qing Dynasties and 3 ancestral halls existing in Xidi. The "three wonders" (residences, ancestral halls, and archways) and the "three carvings" (wood carvings, stone carvings, and brick carvings) that represent the Huizhou style of residential architecture are well preserved here.

I hope to adopt it. Thank you to the respondent: sassassin s | Level 3 | 2011-3-13 10:20

Uh (——--||), go to Google. Respondent: 1 Qubian | Level 2 | 2011-3-13 11:00

Wannan Ancient Village and other... An ancient village in Huiju, the streets are thick, the white gables are wide and tall, and the gray horse head wall has a unique shape . Respondent: 924664216 | Level 1 | 2011-3-13 12:07

Forward to: snowyu3096 Level 1 My Question My Answer Points Mall

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