The Life of Vasily dzhugashvili
According to the "top secret" file of KGB, Vasily Josephovich dzhugashvili (Stalin) was born on 192 1 Mar. 2 1 year. Born in Moscow, Kremlin. His father named him Taril, but his mother Nadezhda Alliluyeva insisted that his son should have a Russian name. As the head of state, Stalin had no time to educate his son. As he himself said, "I must care about 65.438+0.5 billion citizens." The task of educating children falls on Vassili's mother alone. Compared with his first son, Stalin treated Vasily better, but rarely accompanied him. Vasily was emotionally dependent on his mother until nadezhda committed suicide at the age of 12. My sister Svetlana later recalled: "When his mother died, he collapsed. She is his love, his umbrella and his mother is everything to him. " Vassili gradually became a "problem of juvenile", unable to concentrate on his studies all the time, and his academic performance was poor. Stalin once wrote in a letter to a mentor: "Please be as strict as possible with Vasily. Don't be afraid that wayward boy will threaten you with mistakes, blackmail and even suicide. " Vasily was infatuated with alcohol and women since childhood. He was married three times and left two children.
1938 After graduating from the ninth grade, Vassili did not enter the Moscow Institute of International Relations and the Institute of Foreign Trade, which were fashionable at that time, but stepped into the gate of the Kacha Military Flying School. Vassili's personal file records: 1938- cadet, 1940 from March to1February-junior pilot, then served as a cadet in the command department of Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering College, and then studied in the command department of the college ... 1942 or so, and Vassili served in the Moscow Air Force Command. His comrades-in-arms recalled: "No one can force him to stay in the rear. He is an enterprising and brave man, with superb flying skills, and has always asked to go to the front. He often feels uncomfortable in the rear, and what makes him even more uncomfortable is that there are always people who think that he is enjoying the cool under his father's big tree. "
1942 In the summer, Vassili came to the forefront of the war. 1February, 943, when the fighting was the most cruel, he was appointed as the head of the 32nd Guards Destroying the Air Corps. On March 5th, he shot down a German Ф B-190 fighter alone. Two days later, six more Ф B-190 planes flew over the village of Shemkingo lashko, and the two sides launched a fierce air battle. In the battle, Vassili destroyed another German plane, and Ф B-190 dragged a bunch of black smoke to the ground. Dolgushin, a Soviet hero, was the squadron leader of the 32nd regiment. He recalled: "I remember that in a battle, Vassili made a mistake that is easy for young people to make. At the height of the air battle, as the head of a regiment, he left the formation in pursuit of a "Faucoeur". As a result, he was surrounded by enemy planes and almost died. Finally, the whole team went out to save him. At the end of the battle, I, the captain's mid-team leader, severely scolded Colonel Vasily. In short, Vassili can blend in with everyone. We all respect him, like him, and even feel proud that Vassili Stalin commanded us. "
Vitali ivanovich Popkov, a front-line comrade-in-arms, friend, two-time Soviet hero and meritorious pilot during Vasily's patriotic war, described the cause and effect of Vasily's injury by frying fish in the war: "During the war, Vasily and I served in the 32nd Guards Air Force, and I commanded a flying brigade. There was a fishing accident at that time, which was organized by me. Including Vasha, we have nine "fishermen". I asked the regiment engineer what kind of explosive device could be used to fry fish in the lake. He said that if you want any grenades, use rockets, and fried fish will fill the whole carriage. " "The phone number is 1943, near Walker. As a result, many fish were blown up, but we also suffered greatly. Six of the nine people were injured and the engineer was killed. I'm fine. Vasily is injured. His heel was almost blown off and he couldn't help moaning. Everyone is afraid, because Vasha's father and the supreme commander Comrade Stalin may know about it. I immediately called gromov, commander of our Air Force Group Army, to report that there was an accident while fishing and someone was injured, especially Comrade Vasily Stalin. " "Commander gromov almost fainted and asked who organized it, saying that it would arrive soon. 15 minutes later, he arrived by plane, and Vasha was still lying in the ward groaning in pain. After injecting him, the commander ordered Vasha to be sent to Moscow by his plane. I was thinking, nothing, everything will pass. Soon, the commander-in-chief of the air force and the investigation Committee sent by the central government arrived and relieved me of my command. " Swetlana Allilujewa, Stalin's daughter, once recalled her brother in a letter to a friend, saying that Vasily loved to drink during the war and had no real friends around him, only some flatterers. Popkov recalled: "In fact, we don't drink much more than others. In case of war, we can drink100g. Stalin's daughter said that her brother drank a lot. I wouldn't say that. Like all other pilots, he drinks according to the standard. I once told Svetlana directly that you wrote that he had no friends around him, only some flatterers. What flattery? For example, is it necessary for Bobrov, a hockey player and football player, to flatter him? Even without your brother, actor Klyuchnikov would be famous. You don't have real friends around you, but don't think that your brother doesn't have real friends either.
After Vladimir, the son of mikoyan, and Timur, the son of Fu Longzhi, died one after another, Leonid, the son of Khrushchev, mysteriously disappeared in the air battle. At this time, Stalin ordered Vasily not to continue flying. However, Vassili did not stop there. He called his father again and again, urging him to take part in the air battle. Stalin replied painfully and firmly: "I have a prisoner of war son!" " "(this refers to Stalin's eldest son Yakov dzhugashvili captured by the Germans on the battlefield-)
1in the spring of 943, the 32nd regiment commanded by Vasily took part in the battle of Demjan, dispatched 566 fighter planes and shot down 42 enemy planes. In view of Vassili's achievements, Beleczki, commander of the First Fighter Air Force, personally wrote a letter requesting Vassili to be awarded the "Red Flag Medal". On July 1944 and 1 day, General Beletski commented on Ai Jiang: "Comrade Vasily Stalin has excellent driving skills. He loves flying, can fly on different types of fighters, and personally participate in actual combat. He is proficient in tactics and has excellent commander literacy. "
1945 On February 22nd, Vasily was appointed as the commander of the 286th destroyer aviation division of Belarusian Army Aviation 15 Army, which participated in the battle to capture the German capital. During Vassili's tenure as division commander, his division dispatched fighter planes 18 132 sorties. The total flight time of the battle is nearly 20,000 hours. Shoot down 558 enemy planes. Blow up enemy steam engines 1 15, automobiles 1008, ammunition depots 3 1, annihilate German officers and soldiers 135 1 ... Only in the battle of annihilating Berlin garrison, shoot down enemy planes/kloc-0. From 1946, Vasily served as the commander of the first bodyguard sniper aviation in Germany and was awarded the rank of major general. 1947 was transferred to the post of Deputy Commander of the Moscow Military Region Air Force, 1948 was promoted to the rank of Commander and Lieutenant General. Here, Vassili married the daughter of Teemo Xinke Yuanshuai.
From the late 1940s to the early 1950s, it was a difficult period for the Soviet Union to carry out comprehensive post-war reconstruction. The 15 states destroyed by the war in Moscow are almost in ruins. At this time, in order to compete with the west, the Soviet Union urgently needs a strong air force and needs to quickly build airports and some related facilities.
Thanks to Vassili's efforts, the airport in the suburbs of Moscow was soon built. Subsequently, airports in Bryansk, Tula and Smolensk were put into use. During this period, it was Vassili who ensured the normal flight of the military air force. He holds regular military meetings, reviews troops, supervises engineering construction and improves the life of flight technicians. Veterans recalled that he presided over the construction of 500 Finnish-style houses and moved the families of flight technicians in three garrison areas into their new homes; It was he who ordered the officers to attend night classes in strict written form, so that everyone could at least reach the cultural level of 10.
1950, the superior ordered Vasily to send an air division to support the brotherly country of Korea. He lived in kubinka during the whole period of this year 165438+ 10, personally guiding and training pilots, that is, the division led by Colonel Ivan Kozhedub, who fought a beautiful battle in the Korean War and hardly lost. Pilot yevgeny Pei Pilyayev shot down 23 enemy planes and became a hero of the Soviet Union. Vassili himself was elected as the representative of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation and was appointed as a "first-class military pilot". 1952, the Soviet army conducted a big military parade. Vassili foolishly ordered the plane to take off forcibly when the conditions were not available, which led to the destruction of the landing time of the two fighters. Stalin was very angry about this, and then he revoked his son's post as commander of the air force in the military region, and severely reprimanded him in front of his closest assistant: "unlearned" and "stupid, stupid". He was ordered to go to the Military Academy of the General Staff for further study, and Admiral Stepan Akimovich krassovsky took over as commander. After that, Vasily was depressed and often drunk. Before Stalin died, Vassili said to his brother sergeyev (Stalin's adopted son), "I have only two choices: this way" and pointed a pistol at his temple. "Otherwise," he gestured to the glass with his finger.
1953 On March 5th, Soviet leader Jovi Stalin passed away. On March 26th, 2 1 day after Stalin's death, Soviet Defense Minister Nikolay Aleksandrovich Bulganin ordered Vasily to retire from active service, on the grounds that he was morally corrupt, drinking and making trouble. On April 28th, Vassili was arrested. No one knew the true story at that time. His sister Svetlana, his wife Cabitto Lina, his children Najia and Sasha and his comrades-in-arms could not tell the real reason why Vasily was arrested, but there was a rumor in Mirror Iron magazine that Vasily was arrested in a fight in a restaurant.
Svetlan later recalled: "After drinking with some foreign friends, he was arrested and imprisoned on April 28, 1953, and then began to investigate him, saying that he engaged in corruption, misappropriated public funds, abused his subordinates and abused his power; At the same time, he was also accused of conspiring against senior air force cadres. For example, Air Force Commander Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov was sent to prison by Vasily. In fact, Vasily had nothing to do with the Novikov incident, and everything was caused by Abakumov ... "After Stalin's death, the son of the" father of all nationalities "was suddenly left out in the cold. Some people think that Vassili is a potential successor to personality cult, so this thorn in the side must be removed. Khrushchev came to power at the Central Plenary Session in July, 1953, and cunningly showed the people that he had not intervened in the "Vassili Incident".
But there is a little-known personal vendetta between Khrushchev and Stalin, which is the story of "killing children". Leonid, Khrushchev's son, was arrested for drinking and killing a Soviet Red Army officer during his stay in kuibyshev. Besides, he has been involved in banditry before. According to the combined punishment of several crimes prescribed by law, the death penalty should be executed. However, he had a father who was then the first secretary of the Central Committee of communist party. Khrushchev repeatedly begged Stalin to forgive his son, and Stalin naively agreed, and Leonid went to the front to plead guilty. In a battle, he flew his fighter plane away from the long plane and flew to Germany. Since then, the Germans have regarded him as a tough trump card against the Soviet Union.
Stalin was shocked by the news and ordered the Soviet Union's "annihilation team" abroad to "steal" Leonid from the German army at all costs. The "mopping-up team" went through hardships and suffered heavy losses, and finally "stole" Leonid back and brought it to Moscow. At the same time, the "mopping-up team" active behind enemy lines and war zones also found out the criminal facts during Leonid's defection to the enemy. To this end, the military court of Moscow Military Region sentenced Leonid to death. At the Politburo meeting, Abakumov, the captain of the "anti-rape team", stated Leonid's criminal facts. The first speaker was Alexander Sergeyevich Scherbakov, secretary of the Moscow Municipal Party Committee and State Councilor (also alternate member of the Political Bureau and director of the Political Department of the Red Army). He emphasized that everyone is equal before the law and advocated upholding the original judgment.
Later, beria spoke. He mentioned Leonid's crimes in Kiev and kuibyshev, and emphasized that he had been forgiven twice. Malenkov, Ganovic and Molotov also agreed to uphold the original judgment. Finally, it was Stalin's turn to make a statement. He wrote his opinion in the judgment and gave it to Khrushchev. Stalin said, "I should agree with my comrades. If this happens to my son, I can only accept this fair judgment with the infinite grief of a father. " Shortly after the meeting, Leonid was taken to the execution ground and shot.
After Khrushchev came to power, most people who decided Leonid's fate were doomed. Stalin is dead. But his son Vassili is still here ... Khrushchev once angered Vassili face to face: "You volunteered to go to the front, and the sons of the entire Politburo have to follow." 1September, 955, a military commission was established to hear the Vassili case. Its members are all Lieutenant General, Major General and Colonel. Some people call it "Royal Guards", and lawyers are not allowed to intervene.
"Vassili was expelled from the Soviet army, and he was extremely hostile to the party and the government. He repeatedly expressed his dissatisfaction with the government. The main performance is openly inciting the reorganization of state institutions and opposing the "Amnesty Order" promulgated by supreme soviet of the ussr on March 27th, 1953. He is on the verge of taking the Soviet people as his enemy. During his tenure, Vassili used his position to squander and embezzle state property. As the commander of the air force of the military region, he tried to engage in personality cult ... "This is an excerpt from the judgment of1September 2, 955.
So, how did Vassili "squander and embezzle" the state property? According to the complaint, someone sent a lot of feed to his villa, and his assistant fed him 2 horses, 2 deer, 7 turkeys and 20 pigeons with the feed. The son of an air force lieutenant general and leader, what is the total amount of "great losses" he caused, but there is no statistics.
There is a list of 76 items that Vasily paid bribes in the KGB file. The most precious thing is a shotgun (a gift from Stalin), as well as checkers and saddles (birthday gifts from voroshilov and Boudini respectively). Others include clocks, hunting clothes, belts, cameras, two kayaks, two motorcycles and two bicycles.
Vassili served as commander of the Soviet Air Force in Germany during 1946- 1947. One of his divisions is stationed in Heine, Grozny, and it takes 30 minutes to drive to the famous Dresden exhibition hall. One of his regiments was stationed in Potsdam, the official residence of the King of Prussia. Vasily can take away countless priceless treasures if he wants to. ...
As a military general who has been working in the front line almost all the time, although he holds the title of representative of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, he rarely enters the Kremlin. He doesn't even know all the members of the Politburo of the Soviet Union. It is hard to imagine that such an officer who doesn't understand politics should engage in so-called "personality cult". However, Vassili was eventually sentenced to eight years in prison and deprived of political power for two years. 1In May 1998, Andrei Sukhomlinov, a famous Russian jurist, set out from Moscow and drove for two hours to the notorious Vladimir prison. Warden Sinova told the visitors about the history of the prison, and introduced the celebrities who had been in prison here in different periods, such as the famous actress Likia ruslan Nova, the American spy Bowles, the current senior Israeli government official, Inspector Su Doprat Tofu, Natan Sharansky, Mamlov, a member of beria Group, and of course Vasily, the son of Stalin. ...
1956 65438+1On October 3rd, a special prisoner was taken to Vladimir No.2 prison of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and all the supporting documents called him "Vasiliev Vasily pavlovic". To the outside world, Khrushchev's propaganda tool said that Stalin's son was completely decadent and demoralized. Because there is no vodka, he often asks nurses for fresh water to drink a lot, and often provokes other prisoners. Continue to write "Slavery Repentance Book" ...
However, the record in the secret project document is just the opposite. "Vasiliev" said in a statement that his arrest was "illegal". All the testimony was "the result of beatings, threats and intimidation" and the accusation was "fabricated from beginning to end". A lieutenant colonel wrote in his report: "He was polite to the administrators, read a lot of books in prison, and paid great attention to exercise ..." "He was brought here in the middle of the night," recalled a veteran who had worked in this prison. "I was on duty at the time. He is wearing a summer jacket. He looks thin and has a moustache. We already know that he is Vasiliev Vasily pavlovic on the list of prisons arranged by Moscow ... A month later, he was locked in a corner cell on the third floor of Building No.3 until the autumn of 1959. The official tried to hide from someone that he was Stalin's son, but we all knew that he was called Vasily. He was seriously ill twice in prison, his leg muscles atrophied and he often suffered from pain. He had to walk with crutches, and then he had to lie in the prison clinic. Vassili's relatives wrote one letter after another to Khrushchev, Sver Nick, voroshilov, bulganin, Xie Luofu and others, demanding to find out the case. In a letter to Khrushchev, his menstruation Ann Xie Alliluyeva said: "Vasily's condition is getting worse and worse-his legs and feet are disabled, his blood is infected, and he may die at any time. However, these letters "may not be the right time"-the 20th Congress of the Soviet Union was suddenly held, followed by the 22nd Congress, which made a historic evaluation of Stalin. It's no use crying every day. The people who speak for Vassili are either air force generals who can't intervene in this case, or former parliamentarians who have been branded as "Stalinists" and lost their real power. A hopeful letter is like sinking into the sea.
1960 65438+1October 9th, Vassili was finally released. When he walked out of the prison, he still looked frightened, as if he had died in prison once. 65438 10. On 5 October, Alexander nikolayevich shelepin, Chairman of the National Security Council (KGB), and Rudenco, Attorney General, suggested that the Central Committee of the Soviet Union approve the following suggestions: grant Vasily amnesty, release him from prison, and revoke his previous judgment; Entrusted the Moscow Municipal Committee to provide Vasily with a three-bedroom house; Entrust the Ministry of National Defense to grant him a pension according to law and give him a three-month convalescent certificate; Return personal property confiscated at the time of arrest; Give 30 thousand rubles as a one-time make-up taste. Vasily was escorted to the Kremlin and Khrushchev personally received him. Cisty Iacov, then director of the KGB's reconnaissance department, recalled: "When I first met him, the 40-year-old general was extremely down and out: his sparse hair hung over his forehead and he had a little red beard. He looked haggard and ill ... Vasily plopped down on his knees in Khrushchev's office and asked for his release. Khrushchev was quite moved and called him' lovely Vassili' (nickname) and asked: What did they do to you? " On April 9th, voroshilov, then Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, also met with Vasily, ready to talk with him about his future life, but the topic soon turned to Vasily's decadent mental outlook. This conversation was recorded: Do you remember? Voroshilov said that when your father was terminally ill, you were still wandering around drunk? I advise you: stop drinking and get rid of all bad ideas. But then you drank more ... and now you still smell of alcohol. I have met many drunkards in my life, and I know what they are. If you don't repent, you are completely hopeless.
Three months later, the Central Committee of the Soviet Union received a secret letter from Rudenco and shelepin, proposing to cancel the order made by the presidium to release Vasily in advance. The letter said: "Despite the guarantee of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union, Vasily Stalin often got drunk ... made anti-government remarks and slandered individual party and state leaders. Not long ago, Vassili drunk and drove into a car in the Japanese embassy, causing a head injury to an embassy staff member. Vasily himself fled after the accident ... Recently, Vasily also visited the Embassy of China privately. According to him, he seems to have left a letter for Mao Zedong ... "Khrushchev scolded and asked his cronies," What should I do? Lock him up and he will die; If you don't hug him, he will die. " Vasily was forced to return to prison again to "serve the rest of his sentence". 1961was taken to le Fotov prison on April 28th. According to the document, he "pieced together a Georgian group with national feelings" in just three months after he was released from prison, in an attempt to seize the post of party secretary in his father's hometown, with the aim of launching a coup one day. ...
Vasily served his second sentence, and the Soviet General Prosecutor's Office and the National Security Council thought that this person would make the same mistake after his release. In view of this, the presidium of the Soviet Supreme Soviet decided to exile Vasily to Kazan for five years. 1March, 96219th, Vasily died in Kazan. It is reported that he died of alcoholism at the age of 4 1 year. Relevant certificates from the local KGB branch in Kazan show that the funeral expenses of "exiles" are 426 rubles and 5 kopecks.