The emperor travels, has the ability to drive and can drive. What else is there? What are the specifications?
The halogen book appeared in the Han Dynasty. There is a saying in Cai Yong's "Arbitrary": "The son of heaven comes out, followed by the driver, which is called a halogen book." Han Yingshao's "Han Guan Yi" explained: "The emperor's second driver is called Lu, and the soldiers and guards are given a shield, which is called the book, so it is called Lu Shu." The word "Lu" in the ancient "Lu Shu" is the general name of "Ling", which means "big shield". The "book" of the halogen book is the meaning of the book, that is, the "number of drivers" and the scale, quantity and grade of security personnel, that is, the equipment, are all written in classics. The halogen book has five meanings and functions: one is to ensure the safety of the emperor and his entourage, the other is to show the emperor's supreme authority, the third is to standardize the level of etiquette, the fourth is to show the comprehensive strength of the country, and the fifth is to show the piety to the natural gods and ancestors.
The scope of use of halogen books is sacrifice, attendance, going out and making money. Wei, Jin, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming acceded to the throne. Although the ceremonies are not consistent, they have two things in common: one is to sacrifice heaven and earth and clan society; Second, the instrument is set, but it can't be played. The ceremony was solemn and solemn, without joy. First, officials were sent to worship heaven and earth, ancestral temples and the country on behalf of the heirs, and then a ceremony of accession was held in the palace.
The halogen book system in Ming Dynasty was very complete. Manchu is a remote minority in the northeast of China. There is no halogen book system. The halogen book system in Qing Dynasty was gradually borrowed and inherited by Ming Dynasty. It was an important factor for the Qing Dynasty to accept the Han culture in the Central Plains and then enter the Central Plains for more than 200 years.
After Nuerhachi unified the Jurchen tribe in 16 16 and established the "Daikin" regime, taking the Han people as a model, he tried to imitate the laws and regulations of the Ming Dynasty, and some etiquette such as "Huang Zhang Beggars' Gangs and Playing Drums" appeared, which led to the germination of the Qing Dynasty's halogen books. In the eleventh year of the mandate of heaven (1626), at the ceremony of Huang taiji's accession to the throne on September 1, he had "mastered the law and made a halogen book". After Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, the Qing regime was established. In the sixth year of Tiancong (1632), following the example of the Ming Dynasty, a formal brine book system was established based on the imperial code. After Chongde changed to Yuan Dynasty, Huang Taiji also reformed the etiquette of the imperial court, and the provisions of halogen books were more detailed, with 270 people. During the Chongde period, Huang Taiji ordered: "Collect the gifts of princes, county kings and Baylor at home and abroad." In addition, there are ceremonies such as Bei Zi, Zhen Guogong, Fu Guogong and Wang Hao. It can be regarded as the formal establishment of the halogen book system in the early Qing Dynasty, and its symbol is that all levels of the halogen book document system have been basically improved.
1644, Qing soldiers entered Beijing. In August of the same year, Regent Dourgen directed various ministries in Beijing to meet the preparations for Shunzhi's entry into the customs, and the ceremonial ceremony was the top priority. When Shunzhi is about to lead all officials and their families of Shengjing Palace to Beijing, "the ceremony department invites you, and the coachman will come and prepare a halogen book for etiquette." The Regent ordered "haste". "Does not say, home to Beijing in September, civil and military officials welcome ceremony should be held as scheduled. In the early stage, the Ministry of Industry and Jinyiwei built roads, set up temples outside Tongzhou (state), set up curtains and thrones in the south, put on clothes to prepare for the crown, Jinyiwei set up halogen books to watch the ceremony, flag bearers set up golden drums and flags, and the Ministry of Industry set up Daqu. " In June 5438+10, the Qing army entered the customs and settled in Yanjing. The main attention is still focused on the military, but at the same time, I also pay great attention to learning various laws and regulations of the Ming Dynasty. The halogen book instrument system is becoming more and more perfect. In May of the third year of Shunzhi, a halogen book was set up for the ceremonial emcee and the ceremonial emcee of Baylor, Beizi and Gong. Set up the guiding system: five pairs of horses, twenty sticks, twenty flags, ten guns, five pairs of bags, ten broadswords, four crank pholiota adiposa, eight straight handle pholiota adiposa, two red umbrellas, two blue umbrellas, two white umbrellas, six embroidered dragon and yellow fans, four gold fans, six embroidered dragon and red fans, four Cai Feng red fans, two pairs of my sticks and a leopard. Regent King, Fuzheng King, Prince Heshuo, Dorothy County King, Dorothy Bell, Zhen Gong and Fu Gong are all customized.
After Shunzhi entered the customs and Tintin, the system of halogen books was determined. Although each item has gained something, it has been enriched in the types and quantities of musical instruments, and gradually complicated and developed, but the system still follows the old system of respecting morality. After three years of Shunzhi, the halogen book instrument system has undergone great changes and development. There are differences in driving halogen books, driving instruments and lucky instruments, which are used according to different situations. The preparation of halogen books is used for pilgrimage, courtesy driving for imperial city and courtesy driving for sightseeing.
The halogen book instrument was formulated in the 13th year of Qianlong. The larger halogen book is the French halogen book, the driving ceremony book is the Lu 'an halogen book, the auspicious etiquette book is the riding halogen book, the three are the big halogen books, and the * * * is the fourth level, namely, the driving halogen book, the French halogen book, the Liu 'an halogen book and the riding halogen book. Prepare a halogen book for worship in the suburbs; Open a halogen book, which is used by the court and ancestral temple to worship ancestors; Luanjia halogen is usually used for going in and out; Ride a bittern book for good luck. At this point, the Qing dynasty halogen book finally formed a written law.
The royal cars of halogen books are collectively called "cars". Cars are divided into big wheels, jade wheels, golden wheels, elephant wheels, leather wheels and wooden wheels. Customization was formed in the Zhou dynasty, and the shape of the descendants changed and continued until the Ming and Qing dynasties. Battle Vehicle: During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, the chariot was called the Battle Vehicle. At this time, the chariot belongs to a single axle and two wheels, and the middle carriage is called Yu, which is rectangular. The carts in Ming and Qing dynasties were many times more magnificent and exquisite than those in ancient times. The emperor's car is like a jade wheel, decorated with jade, and the golden wheel is named after the gold ornaments. There are also different cars like wheels, leather wheels and wooden wheels, which are called "the five wheels of the emperor". They are very luxurious and need 28 people to carry them.
The halogen book flag is an important means to set off the atmosphere and render the environment. It can be said that it is colorful and colorful. At the same time, it is also a comprehensive display of ancient rich cultural legends.
Gai Hua: Fifty-four. There are four yellow cranks in Kowloon and twenty yellow straight handles in Kowloon, all of which are arranged in succession. Flowers are divided into five colors and ten flowers. Kowloon is divided into five colors and ten colors. These two kinds are arranged alternately. Eight square covers in pure purple or red.
Holding fan: seventy-two, eight for longevity, sixteen for Shuanglong yellow and eight for Shuanglong red. Each one has eight topaz red dragons.
Peacock pheasant tail and husband and wife: sixteen A square with eight red patterns.
Building: Sixteen floors. There are four longevity, purple, neon and feather.
Ben: Sixteen. There are four flags in the letter, four in red lead, four in leopard tail and four in dragon head, which are called filial piety flag, filial piety flag, filial piety flag, Qingli flag, meritorious service flag, Zhenwu flag and application flag respectively.
There are 24 banners with Eight Banners, 16 banners with Yulin and Qianfeng, 40 banners with five-color golden dragons and 80 reverse patterns.
Flag: Based on auspicious birds, there are phoenix, phoenix, crane, peacock, oriole, pheasant, Hong Niao, insects, heron and kite. According to the design of the spirit beast, there are Kirin, colorful lion, Bai Ze, red bear, yellow bear, exorcism, rhinoceros, Tianma and Tianlu. Four patterns are based on the four gods (Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu), four patterns are based on Sidu (Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River and Jishui), and five patterns are based on Wuyue. Based on thirty-three and twenty-eight five-star hotels. Four of them were taken from Ganyu (Ganze, Ganshu, Gangao and Ganpei). Based on the eight winds (Ming and Shu winds in the east, Qingming winds in the southeast, Jingfeng winds in the south, cool winds in the southwest, closed winds in the west, unhealthy winds in the northwest, broad and silent winds in the north and melting winds in the northeast). Based on five kinds of clouds (blue, white, red, black and yellow) and ten kinds of five lightning patterns. Based on one day and one month. There are eight door flags, two golden drum flags, two emerald Citi flags, and four five-color gold flags. One for the police and one for the national flag. There are 120 flags.
The others are Jing: sixteen. Golden Festival: IV. Yi Zhong Huang Hui: Four. Xing, I hang, Li hang, Wu Zhanhe: There are sixteen people each. Red stirrup: six. Drum: 24. There are two golden drums, four war drums and four banjo drums. Flute: Twelve. Pheasant: Four. Copper Angle: Sixteen sizes.
The emperor rode a golden chariot, and the jade chariot closest to the throne was: blowing dust, golden stove and incense box. A bathtub, a spittoon, a gold vase, a gold chair and a gold spoon. There are 30 people with broadswords, 30 people with bows and arrows, and 30 people with leopard-tail guns. There are four people with halberds in each hand. A man is holding a yellow crank cover in front of the hall. Four people hold the net whip. Between the canopy, in addition to ten ceremonial horses, there are thousands of guards riding horses. The halogen book needs a total of 1800 people.
19 1 1 year, the Revolution of 1911 declared that the feudal dynasty of China had withdrawn from the historical stage forever, and the halogen book system symbolizing the authority and dignity of the emperor vanished in an instant. As an accessory of feudal system, it is regarded as the dross of history and is denied and forgotten forever. However, with the world's reflection and return to the historical and cultural traditions of mankind, the halogen book system, as an intangible heritage, will be dusted off again and rejuvenated under the careful protection of mankind.