Management technology of Ziwei garden
When we decide to take flower bed production as an agricultural project beneficial to our own development, the first task is to carefully plan how to establish an economic, practical and efficient flower bed.
1, site selection
(1) The best land for flower bed production is flat land, and at most it can only be flat land with low slope and gentle slope. Unless it is a large flower bed, it is best not to have high and low terraces.
Being close to home is not only beneficial to production management, but also beneficial to sales.
(3) There must be a good and sufficient water source that meets the requirements of flower production. The ideal is to have clean flowing river water, the pH value meets the requirements, the EC value is less than 1, and the investment is minimal. If this is not satisfied, groundwater can be considered. Of course, if you use groundwater, you have to drill wells, and the cost of drilling large wells is relatively high. If a small deep well is used, the cost is relatively low, and it can be used after production, and it can be increased at any time if necessary. This way of drilling wells for water is provided by professional well-drilling personnel all over the province. However, it should be noted that most of the groundwater in cities and nearby rural areas has been polluted, and the collected groundwater may not meet the requirements. If groundwater can't be collected, we can consider digging ponds to collect rainwater and surface runoff in greenhouses. This is a good water source solution, but it is often not easy to implement. Not recommended for farmers in our province.
(4) While having a good natural water source, we should also ensure that the site will not be flooded under any circumstances.
5] The light in the production site must be sufficient. In plain areas, it is necessary to avoid light being blocked; In high mountain areas, do not choose deep mountain depressions, but choose the south slope with abundant sunshine and relatively long illumination time.
[6] The roads are smooth, which is convenient for large trucks to enter and exit.
At one time, electricity was generally necessary, regardless of size.
Do a professional production of flower beds, don't be too far away from the urban flower areas.
Levies should consider the distance from other flower beds. The short distance is conducive to the production of specialized (special) flowers, which is convenient for flower users to buy, but the competition is great; The distance is long and the competition is small, but it is inconvenient for buyers.
2. Scale
The size of the garden cannot be generalized. Generally, the units that produce flowers for personal use are relatively small, but if they are flower beds for commodity production, they must reach a certain economic scale regardless of their strength. According to our investigation, those below 5 mu can only be regarded as amateur or incidental production, and generally cannot win the market and profit like professional producers; If the scale of 5- 10 mu is produced in areas where many flower beds are concentrated, the operating pressure may be less. If it is an isolated flower bed, there will be more difficulties, but on the whole, even if the production and sales are relatively normal, its benefits and ability to win the market are not strong, so it can only bite the bullet and make small profits but quick turnover; /kloc-more than 0/0 mu, all used for flower bed production, should be the basic economic scale, with an annual output of more than 65438+ 10,000 pots of finished flower beds; If we want to develop into a company specializing in the production of flower beds, we must have at least 30 acres of production sites with an annual output of more than 300,000 pots of flower beds.
Step 3 plan
Regardless of the size, the site needs to be planned. The implementation of formal planning and design provides convenience for future production and business activities, which is economical and practical. In the simple construction site, in addition to the production area, there must be simple management rooms, tools and materials warehouses, construction roads, reservoirs, water supply and drainage pipes and ditches. Take a 10 mu garden as an example. In addition to the above, the production area should consider arranging a certain area of open-air production area outside the protected land. Under normal circumstances, the open production area should not exceed 30% of the total production area. The most formal site also needs to build a special preparation room for production operation, packaging and transportation, but in this way, the investment in fixed assets may be too large. The ratio of production site to non-production site area is 4∶ 1.
The following is a plan of a 15 mu flower garden for reference in planning (figure 1).
4. Facilities and equipment
(1) steel pipe greenhouse: flower beds need to be cultivated in the protected area, and the most basic protection facility is steel pipe greenhouse. Generally, a set is 6 meters wide and 30 meters long. Three can be installed on an acre of land. If the site is special, its length can be shortened or lengthened as needed. After the erection is completed, cover the plastic film as required, and press the film rope to use. Install and fix apron membrane below1m. The main films on both sides can be rolled up to facilitate ventilation. Simple greenhouses can be built with bamboo strips or planted in steel houses to reduce the amount of steel pipes, but it is generally not recommended because most areas in Zhejiang are often affected by typhoons and snow pressure. Except in southern Zhejiang, greenhouses should be equipped with insulation devices in winter. If it is possible to build a shed or greenhouse, please refer to other relevant materials.
⑵ Floor covering material: The best floor covering material is gardening floor cloth. It can not only prevent weeds in the site, isolate soil, but also be permeable to water. In addition, it is not bad to use melon seeds and pebbles to lay the floor. Others, such as brick and cement floor, are not ideal covering materials. It is very bad to leave the soil exposed for planting, which has a great influence on the quality of flower products.
⑶ Insulation and cooling facilities: The most important insulation facility is plastic film. Generally, a film with a thickness of 8- 12 silk is used. In the coldest winter, add two layers of film or small arch film in the shed to strengthen heat preservation. Conditional multi-span shed can be equipped with fuel heater. If you need to raise seedlings, you can also heat the soil or medium with electric heating wires. The most important cooling facility is the sunshade net. Generally, the single shed sunshade net is directly covered on the film. If we want to improve the cooling effect, we must hang a sunshade net overhead.
⑷ Seedbed: There is no need for an elevated seedbed for making flower beds, as long as the nutrient pots in the upper pots are directly placed on the floor cloth and melon seeds. However, it is best to sow seedlings on elevated seedbeds. The elevated seedbed can be built with cement board, brick, steel wire mesh, galvanized angle iron, bamboo board or asbestos tile. The height of the seedbed from the ground should be comfortable for people to stand and operate, generally between 75-80 cm.
5. Other equipment and tools: scissors, shovels, rakes, signs, flatbed trucks, boxes, trays, nutrition bowls, water nozzles, glue pipes, storage tanks, fertilizer and medicine conveying equipment, simple fences and management rooms are all necessary to produce a garden.
5. Establish material procurement channels.
In order to make our garden production develop continuously, we must establish our own material procurement and supply system. In particular, suppliers of seeds and seedlings should establish long-term and stable cooperative relations with suppliers they trust and have reliable service quality.
6. Technical support
Newly-built flower beds and people engaged in this industry generally don't know much about the production technology of flower beds, so they must seek technical support if they want to produce their own flower beds smoothly and produce benefits. The method is as follows:
(1) Ask technicians to come to the park regularly for on-site guidance and demonstration, and propose solutions to the problems.
(2) Please ask the skilled master to take charge of the technology.
(3) Contact seed and seedling suppliers and ask them to provide comprehensive technical support or form a consortium with them.
(4) Form close cooperation partners with the old flower beds, work together, and give play to the advantages of regional differences, varieties and scale. You can also ask them to send someone to the scene for guidance.
5] It is best to send staff to study in the old garden for the first time, and it will take more than 3 months.
(6) Send employees to attend professional training courses.
Which way or ways to acquire technology should be decided according to one's own financial resources and construction scale.
I hope what I said is helpful to you, and I wish your garden an early opening!