Dajiangfang Hutong and Xiaojiangfang Hutong on the edge of the imperial city hide the deep residences and courtyards of the royal palace and nobles.
No one can claim to fully understand Beijing. There is so much history in this city. Not to mention the six seas, eight waters, nine altars and eight temples, just looking at the deep and secluded alleys, there may be countless ancient legends passed down from generation to generation.
This is the case for Dajiangfang Hutong and Xiaojiangfang Hutong. The Hutong is located between the two busy cities of Xidan and Xisi. There are many pickle workshops, which is why the Hutong got its name. It is also close to the roots of Xihuang City. Beyond the red walls and under the high eaves, there were once gathered several deep houses and courtyards, countless The nobles of the royal palace, a hundred years later, left countless legendary past events.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were two royal palaces, a Baylor Palace and a Zhenguo Palace in the area of Dajiangfang Hull and Xiaojiangfang Huley. It can be said to be a "fengshui treasure place". After the Republic of China and the founding of New China, it is said that Fu Zuoyi also lived in the hutong. Wu Bo, the former Minister of Finance, also lived at No. 20 Dajiangfang Hutong.
These two palaces are both located to the north of Dajiangfang Hutong (between today's Banshang Hutong and Yangpishi Hutong). To the east is the "First Mansion of the Qing Dynasty" next to the Imperial City. Prince Li's Mansion. During the Ming Dynasty, it was the private residence of Zhou Kui, a relative of Emperor Chongzhen.
As the old saying goes, "The rooms of Prince Li's Mansion are the walls of Prince Yu's Mansion." Prince Li Daishan, as the second son of Nurhachi and one of the "Eight Iron-hatted Kings in the Early Qing Dynasty", the regulations of his prince's palace are not comparable to those of other princes. It covers an area of about 30 hectares and has many houses. It is said that there are more than 480 houses, verandahs and so on.
Prince Li's Mansion and its surroundings in "The Complete Map of the Capital in the Fifteenth Year of Qianlong". The owner of the mansion at that time was Jieshu, the grandson of Prince Li Daishan, who was titled Prince Kang, so it is marked as Prince Kang's Mansion on the map.
To the west of Prince Li's Mansion was originally the Prince Xun's Mansion. The owner of the mansion was Mandahai, the seventh son of Prince Li Daishan. Seven years after his son inherited the title of prince, he "killed Baylor for his father's crime." What was even worse was that eventually even the palace was taken back by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
In the early years of Qianlong (1736), the emperor's eldest son Yonghuang lived here. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong's reign (1750), Yonghuang passed away. Qianlong was deeply saddened and posthumously named him Prince Ding.
Among his descendants, the most famous is Yulang, who is the grandfather of the last empress Wanrong.
After the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), a lonely noble family sold the southern half of the mansion and it became the site of the Second Artillery Guest House in Gangwa City today. In the northern half, a lane-style residence was built, named Yidali, which remains today.
"The guise of Shaguoju - not waiting after noon" refers to Beijing's time-honored brand - Shaguoju. The opening of this old store is closely related to the Prince's Palace.
It is said that after the sacrifices in Prince Ding’s Mansion at that time, they would share the “Shenyu” (i.e. the offerings removed after the sacrifices) with the servants in the palace, including boiled meat, dishes, pastries, etc. Because of the large number of offerings, the watchmen in Prince Ding's Mansion secretly started a small business selling sacrificial meat.
Because it is close to Xisi, business is doing well. Simply, the watchmen and the palace chefs built three rooms outside the wall of the palace's watch room and opened a "Heshun Residence" that imitated the palace's meals. As a result, the dishes and sacrifices from Prince Ding's palace spread to the people.
Because the casserole used to cook meat in the store has a depth of three feet and a diameter of four feet, it is said to be a sacred pot used by the royal family to cook sacrifices to the gods. This attracted countless merchants, and the meat cooked in the large casserole was really delicious. As Heshun Ju became popular, its name was gradually called "Casserole Ju".
The operation of Clay Pot House is quite unique: "There is a white meat restaurant in Gangwa City, Xicheng City. They serve one pig a day and don't care about its taste. They close the door after noon." Only one pig is slaughtered every day, basically It was sold out before noon, and when it was sold out, it closed its doors and no longer entertained customers. Therefore, there is an afterthought of "the guise of clay pot residence - not waiting after noon".
It was not until the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937) that Shaguoju "broke the old rule of selling late at night" and opened all day.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shaguoju became a public-private partnership and moved several dozen meters south to expand its business scale. The last time I went to eat there was last year. There were quite a few people waiting for a table at the door, and most of the diners were elderly people. When the weather gets colder, there will probably be more and more people in the old store.
This Baylor Mansion refers to Baylor Shanshan. "Xiaoting Xueru" records: "Belle Shangshan lived in Jiangfang Hutong, which is now abandoned as a wood factory."
This Shangshan Baylor is the grandson of Prince Zhuang Shuerhaqi, and he once participated in the conquest Li Zicheng pacified Jiangnan. During the Kangxi period, he was named Anyuan Jingkou General and conquered Wu Sangui.
It is worth mentioning that during the campaign against Wu Sangui, he once wrote to Wu Sangui, scolding Wu Sangui for being unfaithful, filial, kind and unjust. Regardless of whether he won the battle or not, he definitely won with his talk. After all, Wu Sangui didn't reply to him either.
Such a wretched way of fighting angered Emperor Kangxi, who ordered him to accuse him of "failure". Shang Shan eventually died of illness in the army. After the San Francisco Rebellion was settled, he was deposed.
By the fifteenth year of Qianlong's reign, in the "Comprehensive Map of the Capital", there was a house on the south side of Dajianfang Hutong and on the west side of Xiaojiangfang Hutong, Songchun, the Duke of Fuguo. He was the great-grandson of Beile Shangshan. His mansion is not unrelated to the benevolent Baylor House.
During the Republic of China, Songchun’s Zhenguo Palace was once changed to Xiuzhennu Hospital. In the 1990s, the old hospital building was demolished.
Today, if you come to the west entrance of Dajiangfang Hutong, you can still see Cheng Wenhou in the southwest corner of the Hutong. This time-honored store opened in 1935 and moved here in 1946. It once led the entire accounting industry. Reform, but now it has been converted into a convenience store, and its bookkeeping store moved to No. 179 A, Xisi North Street in 2019.
Also in the "Comprehensive Map of the Capital in the Fifteenth Year of Qianlong", on the north side of the west entrance of Xiaojiangfang Hutong, at No. 31-33 Xiaojiangfang Hutong today, there is a Fuguo Gongte Tong'e House. , separated by a wall from the residence of Song Chun, the Duke of Fuguo.
The author does not know much about the deeds of the master of the mansion. I only know that the original master of the mansion was Tunqi, the Duke of Zhenguo, and Tetong'e was the sixth generation master of the mansion. In 1924, the descendants of Tunqi sold their properties and moved to No. 3 West Langxia of Baita Temple.
Regarding the governor of Tunqi, he had some disputes with Prince Zheng Jierhalang. It turns out that Tunqi and Prince Zheng were neighbors, and they both lived in Damucang Hutong (also called Polishing Factory) in Xidan archway. "Qing Shilu" records that Beizi Tunqi, Shangshan and others once united to criticize Prince Zheng: " The king then gave me his spare room and used my room as a guard. After I sent troops to Fujian, the king realized that there was no toilet in Yizi's shelter, so he partitioned off the courtyard of my room and used it as a toilet."
From this point of view, Prince Zheng Jierhalang really did not take Tunqi seriously. As for Tunqi, taking advantage of Jierhalang's loss of power, he and his colleagues reported on him. Although it did not bring down the prince, at least it made him angry. Thirty years in the east of the river and thirty years in the west of the river. The prince of the small town could not only swallow his anger in front of the "Iron Hat King".
According to Mr. Feng Qili's "Looking for the Qing Palace in Beijing", the Zhenguogong Tunqi residence was divided into three parts around 1995: No. 33 Xiaojiangfang Hutong was the former minister's residence of the Ministry of Coal; the part facing the street was Organization Department Kindergarten; To the east of the kindergarten is the former Vice Prime Minister Gu Mu's residence. The original building has been demolished and a new building has been built.
It is said that the past owner of Gu Mu’s house was Fu Zuoyi. As a hero in the peaceful liberation of Peiping, Fu Zuoyi served as the first Minister of Water Resources after the founding of the People's Republic of China. He served for 23 years before retiring in 1973, the year before his death.
He has several residences in Beijing. From the 1950s to the early 1960s, Fu Zuoyi successively handed over his two residences in Shijia Hutong and Haidian Town, Dongcheng, Beijing, to the state for public distribution.
At the same time, he also handed over the property rights of the Xidan Xiaojiangfang Hutong to the Xicheng District Housing Management Department, and he paid the rent on schedule.
He used his actual actions to fulfill his life creed - "Civilian officials do not love money, military officers are not afraid of death", and truly achieved a clear distinction between public and private affairs, and a pure life.
Some of the pictures in this article are from the Internet and have been deleted.
Reference articles
[1] Aixinjueluo Hengshun, A Comprehensive Study of the Imperial Family and Princely Palaces in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty, Manchu Studies, 1998
[2] Weng Yingfang , Fu Guogong Songchun's house
[3] Bai Hongye, Fu Guogong Te Tong'e's house
[4] Patriotic general Fu Zuoyi: Keeping public and private clear throughout his life, Party Building Network
[5] Ke Shaobin et al., Manuscript of the History of the Qing Dynasty·Biographies 2·Kings 1, Republic of China
[6] Zhu Yixin, Manuscript of the Records of the Lanes of the Capital, Qing Dynasty
[ 7] Zhaohao, Xiaoting continuation, Qing Dynasty
[8] Chronicles of Xicheng District, Beijing, 1990
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