Tucheng Culture in Nanjing County, Fujian Province
The period of 2 12 years (from the unification of Taiwan Province Province in the 22nd year of Kangxi to the Japanese occupation of Taiwan Province Province in the 21st year of Guangxu, that is, 1683 to 1895) in Taiwan Province Province was the most important period for Zhangzhou to immigrate to Taiwan Province Province. Its long time, large scale and large number of people are rare in the immigration history of China.
Studying this migration phenomenon, we can't help but notice that Zhangzhou people migrated to Taiwan Province Province, and from beginning to end, it has the remarkable characteristics that the blood family in their hometown extended to Taiwan Province Province. Immigrants left their homes, abandoned their wives and children and ventured across Taiwan Province. Although the basic elements of human existence cannot be ruled out, their goal is by no means limited to this. Due to the long-term influence of the style of business gangs in southern Fujian and the cultural atmosphere of being pragmatic, resourceful, adventurous and pioneering, going to Taiwan Province Province to explore the world, start a family and get rich endlessly has become the general mentality of immigrants.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, five friends, including Zheng Cuipai, Ke, Weng Yingrui, Yang Wei and so on, were invited to go to Taiwan together with this mentality. The road they traveled in Taiwan Province Province is very representative. Here is a brief introduction.
Among the five friends, Zheng Cuipai is the first. After landing in Anping, they went north to look for places to explore. After Chiayi, it entered Yunlin, Douliu and Neilin areas in the northeast. Weng Yingrui stayed in Chiayi to reclaim land. Five people all farm, start a business successfully, get married and have children, but the ending is different.
Weng Yingrui was originally a scholar in Zhao 'an County. He worked hard in Chiayi and cultivated dozens of fields. After his death, Weng Xu inherited his career and rented farmland, which developed rapidly. By the middle of Qianlong, he was already a big farmer with thousands of acres of land. In the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807), Zhang Quan dueled in Chiayi and Changhua counties. Weng Yu was promoted to the leader by Zhangzhou people and was involved in the battle involuntarily. After the war subsided, Weng's property and fields were all confiscated by the government, and Weng Xu was poisoned by people seeking money. The Weng family went from prosperity to decline overnight.
Colin Ming is also from Zhao 'an. He is the oldest of the five friends. By the end of Kangxi, there were hundreds of hectares of cultivated land in six cities of jindun reclaimed by Ke, and the farmland was irrigated with water from lakes and mountains. During the period from Qianlong to Qianlong, the cultivated land was expanded to a thousand hectares. He has been back to his hometown twice, once with his wife and once for his parents. Ke Linming was very popular and enjoyed a high reputation when he was alive. He inherited the Lin family, and now it is the largest family in Meilin, with a population of more than half. His memorial tablet was placed in Meilin Fu Temple, and it was written that "Ke Sheng, the pioneer of mountain creation, was born in Lu position", which was worshipped by later generations of Lin.
Yang Wei is a native of Longxi, and his nature is unrestrained. He explored in Jiuxiong forest area in the northeast of Douliu. In just 20 years, there were thousands of armor on the ground. At the beginning of Qianlong, Yang returned to his hometown to meet his parents and four younger brothers from Taiwan Province Province. Unfortunately, he began to inflate his selfish desires and become rich. He became rich by reclaiming land, but was defeated by land annexation. Yang Wei is very overbearing. He took a fancy to a hill in Jiuxiong forest and named it "Yangwei Mountain", which is his own. When he saw other people's fertile fields, he put cattle on the crops to make trouble, so people had to sell them to him cheaply. Because of his deep hatred, he was afraid of revenge, so he made his own gun and Qiang Bing bought a horse. And this violated the laws of the Qing court. Finally, in the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759), the government surrounded Yang Jiahao House and wiped out all the people. No one survived. Yang Wei was taken to Fuzhou to be executed. Yang's land is cultivated by Zhangzhou people. Up to now, Jiuxiong Forest is still a rich agricultural settlement.
Cai Lin, a native of Pinghe County, was only sixteen when he entered Taiwan. He started to help Zheng Cuipai, later got married, and the husband and wife moved to Jiuxiong Forest for reclamation. After decades of hard work, hard work and self-reliance, they actually reclaimed land and became the largest family in Jiuxiong Forest. Now, Cai's son Sun has spread to 1 1 century, with more than 2,000 people, accounting for more than two-thirds of the total. Its descendants are divided into six rooms, and the family portrait of his wife Yao is hung in the public hall, providing a powerful incense.
Zheng Cuipai was originally from Zhangpu County. He led four friends from Anping to the north and chose the wasteland suitable for reclamation. Finally, he chose the forest area in the east of Jia Yunping for himself. Under his painstaking efforts, this barren land in the forest with inconvenient water conservancy has developed into a splendid grange where Zhangzhou people live together. While reclaiming land to get rich, he led the people as a pioneer to assist the court in cracking down on thieves and civil strife. He himself, his son and grandson are officials. At present, there are more than 1500 people living in the forest, which is the largest family in the forest. Zheng Cuipai passed on his second son, and the grandsons of the two families each had an ancestral hall dedicated to Zheng Cuipai and their ancestors.
According to legend, Zheng Cuipai can see Feng Shui. At that time, he let every friend choose his own land reclamation. From the perspective of feng shui, some people are rich, some people are dying, and some people are rich and slow. Believe it or not, it doesn't matter. Importantly, from the story of five people opening a platform, we can see the development track of five families in Taiwan Province Province. Lin, Cai and Zheng worked hard from the first generation and became rich in 2000-300, which represented the development path that some families had taken. Weng and Yang were expected to be big families. The first generation and the second generation have made great contributions to the development of Taiwan Province Province. However, due to personal limitations and the instability at the beginning of the development of Taiwan Province Province, everything is "better than a fist" and the theory of potential is unreasonable. Finally, they brew their own bitter fruit, from prosperity to decline. So the family history of honor and disgrace is also a mirror of Taiwan's historical development.
Zhangzhou's family started their business consciously in Taiwan Province Province, especially during the Qianlong period. This is because: first, Zhangzhou's hometown is vast and sparsely populated, and it is urgent to seek external development. Two, Taiwan Province Province is a developing region, there is still room and conditions for development. Thirdly, people who moved to Taiwan Province in advance brought back information and helped their "relatives" to move to Taiwan Province together based on strong clan concept. Therefore, from the late Qianlong period to Jiaqing period, there was an immigration climax. Many families in Zhangzhou moved to Taiwan Province not only because of the large number of people, but also because of the concentrated location. For example, the three rooms in Nanjing Meilinwei are typical.
This room commemorates Wei Jinxing, the founder of Merlin. Wei Jinxing spread three residential schools in Meilin: Junxin, Junhui and Ming Army. Among them, the Ming Army School spread to 1 1 century, and some descendants began to emigrate to Taiwan Province. The population is * * * 309 people, mainly moving into Yuanlin, Changhua County, Fengyuan, Tanzi, Dajia, Taichung City and Nantou County. The founders of the school included in Taiwan Province's Genealogy of the New Wei Family are: the 1 1 world, the 12 world Zhi Qian, the 13 world, Fu,,, 14 world Zhenguang, Gong Pu, Yuan Shang and Yuan Xiang. Descendants have been handed down from generation to generation in Taiwan Province, roughly once every twenty-five years. In fact, each generation has handed down two sons and two wives on average for about ten generations. Take Wei Sihong, the ancestor of Sixteenth Capital, as an example, and his descendants are shown in Figure 3.
The descendants of Wei Sihong have passed down to the ninth generation. The whole family mainly lives in Fengyuan City, Taichung County, and some are divided into Taipei City, Taichung City, Changhua County and Nantou County. Children and grandchildren live and work in peace and contentment, farming, teaching, doing business or practicing medicine, with their own achievements, elegant family style and prosperous people.
The family extended to Taiwan Province Province with the cultural imprint of their hometown, and brought almost all the surnames of Zhangzhou in Qing Dynasty to Taiwan Province Province. The most populous surnames in Zhangzhou are Chen, Lin, Huang, Li, Zhang, wang xing, Liu, Yang and Wu, which are also well-known surnames in Taiwan Province Province. According to the statistics of Taiwan Province Federation of Literary and Art Circles, among the Taiwanese population, Chen's surname accounts for 1 1%, Lin's surname accounts for 8%, Huang's surname accounts for 6%, Zhang's surname accounts for 5% and Li's surname accounts for 4%. "Chen Lin basks in the sun for half a day", a common saying known throughout the ages in Zhangzhou, is also familiar in Taiwan Province Province. Lai, Jane, Lian, You and Lan are not well-known surnames in Zhangzhou, but they have become prestigious giants in Taiwan Province Province because they have moved to Taiwan Province in large numbers. Zhang Jian, Zhang Liao, Wang You and other surnames were born in Zhangzhou because of the adoption custom, and also moved to Taiwan Province by Zhang. Many surnames are also divided into many tribes because of their ancestral home, Tangshan ancestor and Kaitai ancestor. For example, the surname Huang is divided into dozens of tribes such as Aoxiang School, Puxi School, Huxi School, Wenshui School and Yuanxi School. The Puxi School is based on Huang Ziyun's ancestor, the seventh grandson of Huangqiao, and Huang Tiancong of Zhangpu, Evonne. "Puxi School" is also a derivative of "Huxi School" and a branch of Huxi Town, Zhangpu, Taiwan Province Province. "Huxi School" is a branch of the Huang family. After moving to Taiwan Province in Changqiao Township of Zhangpu, another "Changqiao School" appeared. For another example, the Xiao surname in Taiwan Province belongs to eight tribes, among which Shushan School, Doosan School and Yongshan School, whose ancestral home is in Nanjing, are the most prosperous, with a population of over 100,000. In the second year of Song Fengdao (1 166), Xiao Shizhong was the first scholar (Xiao Champion Tomb was in Xinhua East Road, Zhangzhou City, and was a municipal cultural relics protection unit). The ancestor of "Shushan School" is the fifth grandson, the top scholar of Xiao, who opened this book. The ancestor of "Doosan School" was Xiao Ximan, the fifth grandson of Xiao Zhuangyuan, who opened books. The ancestor of "Yongshan School" is Xiao Mengrong, the sixth grandson of Xiao Zhuangyuan who founded Jinshan. The origins of Tangshan and Kaitai tribes are closely related and obviously different.