Society in Fujian
In 2003, the Fujian Provincial People's Government and the Fujian Provincial Department of Education announced to the public based on social recognition, teaching strength, and scientific research contributions to establish Xiamen University, Fuzhou University, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, and Huaqiao University , Fujian Medical University, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Jimei University are key universities in Fujian Province. In 2007, Minnan Normal University was added to the list of key universities in Fujian Province. In 2013, Fujian Engineering College and Xiamen Institute of Technology were added to the list of key universities in Fujian Province. All other universities except Xiamen Institute of Technology are arranged by the Fujian Provincial Key University Special Fund. Key universities in Fujian Province have played a vital role in regional education and construction. They are the leading group of higher education in Fujian and will promote the further development of higher education in Fujian Province. In January 2014, the Fujian Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government decided to support Fuzhou University, Fujian Normal University, and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University in building high-level universities.
In 2014, Fujian Province enrolled 12,500 full-time postgraduate students, with 39,300 full-time postgraduate students and 10,900 graduates. General higher education enrolled 219,100 students, with 748,500 students and 190,100 graduates. The employment rate of college graduates is 94.1%. Secondary vocational education (excluding technical schools) enrolled 140,900 students, with 437,600 students and 152,100 graduates. Adult higher education enrolled 60,700 students, with 160,800 students and 41,200 graduates. The province's regular high schools have an enrollment of 208,600 students, with 629,100 students and 227,300 graduates. The province's ordinary junior high schools have an enrollment of 371,700 students, 1,125,700 students, and 343,100 graduates. Ordinary primary schools enroll 529,500 students, with 2,746,300 students and 378,900 graduates. There are 25,100 special education students in school. There are 1.4563 million children in kindergartens. Undergraduate College Location School Name School Nature Fuzhou Fuzhou University Fujian Province and Ministry of Education *** Construction, 211 Project Sunshine College Private Fuzhou University Zhicheng College Independent College Fujian Normal University Fujian Province, Ministry of Education *** Fujian Normal University Fuqing Branch Fujian Fujian Normal University, Union College, Independent College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, Ministry of Agriculture and State Forestry Administration***, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Oriental College, Independent College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan College, Independent College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Province, Fujian College of Engineering Fujian Minjiang College Fuzhou City Minjiang College Strait College Minjiang College Minjiang College Transportation College Minjiang College New Huadu Business College Fujian Police College Public Fuzhou College of Foreign Languages and Foreign Trade Private Fujian Jiangxia College Public Quanzhou Quanzhou Normal College Public Yang'en University Private Fujian Normal University, Minnan Institute of Technology, Independent College, Minnan Polytechnic, Private Overseas Chinese University, Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council, Xiamen College Jimei University Chengyi College Independent College Zhangzhou Minnan Normal University Fujian Province Vocational College School Name Supervisory Department Location Remarks Fujian Shipbuilding and Transportation Vocational College Fujian Provincial People's Government Fuzhou National Model Vocational College Zhangzhou Vocational and Technical College Zhangzhou Fujian Information Vocational and Technical College Fuzhou National Backbone Vocational College Fujian Forestry Vocational Technical College Nanping Quanzhou Medical College Quanzhou Minxi Vocational and Technical College Longyan In 1949, after the Chinese People's Liberation Army stationed in Fujian, the People's Liberation Army Military Control Commission was established in Fuzhou, Xiamen and other cities, with military health personnel as the backbone. It successively took over the health institutions left by the Kuomintang government in various places. At that time, Fujian was facing serious threats from various infectious diseases. In September 1949, the Health Department of the Fujian Provincial People's Government was established to strengthen the leadership of health administration. Under the guidance of the health work policy of "facing workers, peasants and soldiers, giving priority to prevention and uniting traditional Chinese and Western medicine", epidemic prevention committees were established step by step, led by responsible party and government officials at all levels, focusing on the prevention and control of diseases that seriously endanger people's health, and strengthening In seaport quarantine work, we will truly exercise the sovereignty of border health and quarantine; promote the maternal and child health care work centered on the delivery of the new law to protect the safety of mothers and infants; promulgate interim rules for the management of individual medical practitioners, initially carry out the construction of health grassroots, strengthen health administrative management; carry out health publicity, and Strengthen medical education and cultivate various types of urgently needed health talents. Then, it took over the hospitals, nursing and midwifery vocational schools run by the church, and implemented a new health management system. In 1952, during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, in response to Mao Zedong’s call to “mobilize, pay attention to hygiene, reduce diseases, improve health, and crush the enemy’s germ war,” the province launched a vigorous patriotic health campaign.
Provincial, prefecture-level, municipal and county governments have generally established patriotic health campaign committees to recruit relevant departments to participate in coordinated operations and conscientiously implement the health work policy of "integrating health work with mass movements". Health departments and bureaus in various localities (cities) and counties were also established in the early 1950s. At the same time, large enterprise departments in the province are also encouraged to establish employee hospitals and vigorously support overseas Chinese-run hospitals to lay the foundation for further health work. Thanks to the combined approach of leaders, professionals and the masses, as well as the absorption of existing epidemic prevention experience, cholera and smallpox were quickly eliminated, and the epidemic of plague was controlled. This is an epoch-making change that no government in history has been able to achieve.
By the end of 1988, there were 28,327 various health institutions in urban and rural areas of the province (including 16,967 village health clinics and 6,484 individual medical clinics), with a total of 141,095 health technicians ( There are 30,906 village health workers), including 2,208 with senior professional titles. After nearly 40 years of hard work, the province's health conditions have been greatly improved, and the morbidity and mortality rates have been greatly reduced. The maternal mortality rate is 5.1/10,000, and the infant mortality rate is 30.74‰. The disease spectrum and death spectrum have undergone major changes, with tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases rising to the top. Various infectious diseases have dropped from the first place in the 1950s to the tenth place. The average life expectancy has been extended from 35 years in 1949 to 70.75 years. The people's health level has been greatly improved.
As of the end of 2014, there were 7,716 medical and health institutions at all levels and types in the province, including 556 hospitals and 879 health centers. At the end of the year, the country had 196,000 health technicians, including 70,000 doctors and 82,000 registered nurses. By the end of the year, there were 164,000 beds in medical institutions and 27,000 rural doctors and health workers. The cultural sites of the Paleolithic Age and the Neolithic Age left by the ancestors who lived here already show the germination of primitive technology. Among the unearthed cultural relics from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the most representative ones are geometrically printed pottery. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the culture of the Central Plains was gradually introduced. From the Jin Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a large number of people from the Central Plains entered Fujian, bringing advanced culture and production skills with them. In the Song Dynasty, with the progress of economy and society, Fujian's science and technology entered the peak of development at the same time as the whole country, especially in bridge construction, water conservancy projects, navigation and shipbuilding, etc. Multiple maritime bans during the Ming and Qing dynasties restricted the development of Fujian's maritime transportation and foreign trade, but Fujian still had many achievements in academic fields such as mathematics, natural history, and medicine. After the Opium War, modern Western science and culture continued to be introduced. Fujian has become the forefront of the intersection of Chinese and Western cultures and has created a large number of scientific and technological talents. Due to imperialist aggression and political corruption, transportation in the hinterland was blocked, resources could not be developed, and intellectuals had no place to apply themselves. Fujian's science and technology also stagnated.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China and the People's Government attached great importance to the cause of science and technology. While recovering and building the economy, they trained scientific and technological talents and organized scientific and technological personnel. team, established scientific research institutions, formulated long-term scientific and technological development plans, carried out mass agricultural scientific experiments and industrial technological innovation movements, and promoted economic construction and scientific and technological progress. After the reform and opening up, Fujian's economy has developed rapidly, and science and technology has also entered a new period of development.
As of the end of 2014, the province had 904 national and provincial innovative (pilot) enterprises; 1,779 high-tech enterprises; 147 key laboratories (including 8 national key laboratories), engineering There are 410 technology research centers (including 7 at the national level) and 76 technology business incubators (including 10 at the national level). The province has 13,057 valid invention patents worldwide; the number of invention patents per 10,000 people is 3.460. There are 758 product testing laboratories and 20 national product quality supervision and inspection centers in the province. The province currently has 1 independent certification agency and 12 branches, and has obtained a total of 28,771 product and management system certification certificates. There are 69 legal metrology technical institutions in the province, and a total of 956 national standards, 947 industry standards and 1,489 local standards have been formulated in the province.
As of the end of 2014, the province has 70 national-level ground meteorological observation stations, 4 high-altitude weather detection stations, and 6 weather radar observation stations. ***There are 43 earthquake precursor stations (points), 338 precursor measurement items; 160 seismic measurement stations (points), 29 strong vibration observation stations (points); and 41 GPS observation reference stations. ***There are 345 marine environment monitoring stations, 13 key monitoring areas, 17 biological quality samples in 17 key sea areas, 2 floating garbage monitoring areas, ***19 offshore hydrometeorological observation buoy stations , 28 coastal automatic tide gauge stations, 1 pair of medium-range high-frequency ground wave radar stations, 2 sets of satellite remote sensing monitoring systems, 1 set of seabed-based observation systems, 2 sets of ship-based automatic stations, and 1 set of island base stations. The Department of Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information publishes 4 types of maps. Fuzhou specialties: Shoushan stone, horn comb, olives, lucky oranges, longan, Fujian ginger, hibiscus plum, jasmine tea, bodiless lacquerware, wood paintings, wood carvings, paper umbrellas, shell carvings, porcelain, etc.
Putian’s specialties: it is rich in seafood such as eels, prawns, swimming crabs, and chub. The “four famous fruits” of longan, lychee, loquat, and pomelo are well-known at home and abroad.
Longyan specialties: Liancheng dried sweet potatoes, Liancheng white ducks, Liancheng orchids, Longyan peanuts, Changting dried tofu, Shanghang dried radish, Wuping dried pig gallbladder, Yongding dried vegetables, Hetian chicken, etc.
Quanzhou specialties: various melons and fruits, famous trees and flowers, Dehua porcelain, Hui'an stone carvings, Anxi oolong tea (Anxi Tieguanyin), Lao Fan Zhiwanying Divine Comedy, Yongchun old vinegar, Yuanhetang preserves, Quanzhou puppet heads, Yongchun lacquer baskets, artificial flowers, etc.
Zhangzhou specialties: the "three famous flowers" such as daffodils, camellias, and orchids, and the "seven famous fruits" such as green plums, tangerines, lychees, Tianbao bananas, longans, Pinghe honey pomelo, and pineapples; as well as various Dried seafood, Pien Tze Huang brand Pien Tze Huang, Babao ink pad, Pien Tze Huang pearl paste, pearl lacquer painting plaques, Narcissus brand wind oil essence, puppet show, etc.
Xiamen specialties: various subtropical fruits, pies, fish skin peanuts, bodhi balls, Qingjin fruit, Xiamen bead embroidery, lacquer thread carving, Xiamen colored sculptures, Xiamen porcelain sculptures, mushroom meat paste, Xiamen medicinal wine , dried seafood, etc.
Nanping specialties: Wuyi rock tea (Dahongpao), bamboo shoots, shiitake mushrooms, lotus seeds
Ningde specialties: tea, edible fungi, four-season pomelo, betel nut taro, late-ripening lychee, late-ripening longan, Youyao, seedless persimmons, chestnuts, etc. are sold well at home and abroad. Ningde is also rich in marine treasures such as large yellow croaker, grouper, prawns, Erdu cockles, and sword clams.