The history of tomb robbing

1. The history and process of Chinese folk tomb robbing

The real folk tomb robbing activities are very secretive (the sabotage by warlords in troubled times does not count). It can be said that it is a self-contained system. Some unique tricks are "Never spread".

China’s modern, state-initiated, organized and targeted “archaeological excavation” activities are less than a hundred years old. I remember reading several articles from decades ago more than ten years ago. The excavation report is not so much an "excavation"... but rather a "record of tomb robbing." Because its methods, methods, etc... are completely the same as those of tomb robbers, and there is nothing "own" about them.

Up to now, some methods may be advanced... some high-tech components have been added, such as ground-penetrating radar, metal detectors, gas analyzers, etc., but the principle is still the same. A real civilian tomb robber is subject to various restrictions. It is impossible for him to bring a radar to rob a tomb. Even a Luoyang shovel has to find a way to open it and "hide it"... so he has his own unique trick.

If he wants to complete the seemingly "impossible task" within a unit of time, he has to think of various methods, some of which are very subtle. For example: Digging a hole more than ten meters long...can make it possible for there to be no soil on the ground! A layman like me wouldn't even dare to think about it.

How is this possible? ! ...don’t believe it! But later I believed it, because I believed it once I saw it on the ground. I was asked to look for an opening at the scene...I walked around and couldn't find it! When I turned around, someone said, "It's right where you're standing right now...right under your feet, and you're standing right on the opening!" I was shocked.

I quickly ran away..., and then someone dug a shovel where I was standing, and a minute later I saw a hole... It turned out that I was standing on a "grate", robbing a tomb. The thief will seal the hole after finishing his work. Now open it... there is only an opening as big as a sewage manhole cover. After opening it, look down and you will go straight down for more than ten meters. You can't see the bottom in the dark winter. People also say... you can go down if you have the courage! The bottom is very strong and won't collapse. You can go down and take a look inside the tomb.

I said forget it, a cave as high as four or five stories... I feel dizzy just looking at it. And what’s even more strange is... there is a plain all around, very flat land, and crops are planted there. There is such a well cover in the green shazhang, and there is no soil even for hundreds of meters or miles outside. It is impossible to pile the soil outside, and the hole is so small that it has to be sealed while working, so no one can see it! ...Although I don’t know the specific method...but I must admit this fact! People told me that this hole was opened by tomb robbers more than a year ago. More than a year later... the hole is still very strong and will not collapse.

I really don’t know how. Even after looking at it with my eyes...I don't understand.

There is also "looking at the terrain", which is even more mysterious. People who don't know it can't see it even when walking next to the tomb, but people who know the trick can see it from several kilometers away. Some tomb robbers "like" to go out and "walk around" after it snows...especially like the kind of "very fine snow particles". The reason is related to "soil".

Soil can be divided into "ripe soil", "living soil" (also called "flower soil") and "dead soil". Experienced tomb robbers can tell at a glance whether there are tombs here, and even what era the tombs are from.

The archeology graduate student I know was arranged by the school to go to the Three Gorges to do exploration (rescue excavation of prehistoric culture) when he was doing internship after graduation from the university. Now the Three Gorges has been submerged after the water rose. ), he told me... It is very clear what kind of soil has what characteristics. And what’s interesting is that he himself admitted: Our level is incomparable to that of real tomb robbers. Our experience is too far behind. We mainly focus on theory. Whatever you dug up... let’s analyze it and see its characteristics. , It’s okay to analyze and analyze when something was from, but if it’s really about “looking for a grave”… that would be a joke.

First of all, the tombs of each dynasty have their own characteristics, such as their shape, etc. Once you master these characteristics, you can get twice the result with half the effort.

You can use a bougie to explore first, and "feel" whether there is a tomb according to the feeling on your hand... After confirming, shovel down, for example: one shovel will go down ten meters, and there it will be. Then... look at the depth and the things brought out with the shovel. Depth is also a sign. There are sawdust, cinnabar, pit ash, etc. on the things brought out... These are all characteristics; then, use the shovel to remove the shape of the tomb. "Fang" comes out... Just determine the coordinates.

Hit one on the left... If you haven't hit it for ten meters, it is "passed". Then go back to the right and continue hitting... and so on. If you connect the dots one by one, it will be ten. The shape of the tomb beneath the ground is... Then, based on the characteristics of the shape, depth, pit ash, and wood (or stone or brick) of the tomb, we can infer the age of the tomb, the location of the tomb door, etc.

Generally speaking, the placement of items in tombs of any dynasty has its own rules. If you look at the shape of a Han tomb, Eastern Han Dynasty or Western Han Dynasty, then you will have an "image" in your head...where should the coffin be, where should the pottery and metal utensils be among the buried items, and what will be in the ear chambers on both sides? ...Wait a minute, I already know it in my heart.

After I really went down... I went straight there and dug there (Han tombs are usually collapsed and filled with soil, and they are said to be tomb chambers... In fact, they are all soil, and they are in the soil. Go ahead, things are in the dirt). The "left shoulder and right foot" I mentioned in the previous post is this characteristic... Generally, valuable funerary objects will be placed on the left shoulder and right foot of the tomb owner's coffin.

In other words, before the tomb is dug, you have the concept of the entire tomb chamber in your mind. When you actually dig it, you will go directly to the place where you want to find something... Some tombs, such as the tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, have very thick roofs (think about it... seventeen vertical and seven horizontal layers of green bricks with 14 layers are more than two meters thick, how strong it would be!) , then you should avoid the top of the tomb when digging the hole. Otherwise, if you hit the top of the tomb... you probably won't be able to finish your work in one night. Will you still dare to come the next day? Maybe the police are already waiting for you.

Therefore, once the shovel hits the bricks (the shovel will contain brick dust when it is lifted up), avoid the top of the tomb when digging the hole. Anyway, the shape of the tomb has been "squared", and you know the positions of the tomb door, tomb wall, and tomb top, so when you dig the hole, you will naturally find other places to dig down... This "other place" sometimes It may be close to the tomb door, sometimes it may be close to the back wall of the tomb, it is possible, it all depends on the tomb.

2. The history of tomb robbers

Methods and techniques of tomb robbing and treasure hunting. my country has a long history of robbing ancient tombs. The earliest recorded tomb stolen in history was that of Shang Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty. 3600 years ago, the first incident of excavation occurred in the late Western Zhou Dynasty more than 2770 years ago. Someone obtained a jade seal from an excavated ancient tomb with a cross on it, but no one could recognize it. The rules and techniques of tomb robbing can be They are divided into two types, one is official bandits, like Dong Zhuo, Sun Dianying during the Republic of China, etc., who are very popular with the people. They use large numbers of soldiers, armed with open fire and sticks, and the other is civilian bandits who are distributed all over the place, with large numbers and concentrated concentration. In Henan, Shaanxi, and the area around Changsha, Hunan, professional thieves usually work in partnership with two people. Groups with multiple people are a minority, and even fewer work alone, because one person cannot take care of it. One person is needed to dig out, and if the party style is not correct, one person will let it go. After clearing the soil, one person enters the tomb and the other person picks up the items from above. The cooperation between the two can be like friends, but cooperation between father and son is rare. When looking for a partner, you need to be very careful to prevent anyone from taking advantage of the money. These people have been tomb robbing as a profession for a long time. They have a lot of experience, are good at disguise, and are very good at anti-theft mechanisms. After they determine the target, if the tomb is small and it doesn’t take much effort, they can dig it out in a few nights, take out the items and leave. If it is a large or medium-sized tomb, the first is to plant corn, sorghum and other things around it in the name of farming, and use a green gauze tent to cover up the excavation activities for one or two months. The second is to build a house next to the tomb to hide it from others, and then start from there. A tunnel is dug inside the house to lead to the tomb, but nothing can be seen from the outside. The third is to secretly dig a tunnel when building a fake tomb next to the ancient tomb, and then lead into the tomb to steal property. The four characters of Changsha tomb robbing are in the southern water Luoyang shovel is not very easy to use. The ancients summarized the accumulated experience of many parties and summarized the four words: look, hear, and ask. The first is to look at Feng Shui, that is, tomb robbers often know the art of Feng Shui, and use Feng Shui to judge the size of the cemetery. To smell, you need to play with your nose. You can use a small amount of soil to tell which generation of tombs it belongs to. It is amazing to believe. There is a legend: There is a tomb robber who has robbed tombs for three generations and developed his skills. But he was captured in the 1980s. . It should have been a capital crime, but because of his ability, it was changed to life imprisonment, and he worked for the archaeological cause for the rest of his life. Most of San Wen was a person with good eloquence. He traveled to various places and talked with the elderly about the past and the present. This was used to obtain things. Tomb information. Si Qian means pulse diagnosis. There are three levels of explanation. One is to judge the age and size of the tomb based on the soil layer. The second is to feel the belongings of the deceased in the coffin in the tomb, first from the head, then from the mouth to the *** and finally to the tomb. Feet, as an impeccable person, must be a person with a delicate mind. The third is to touch unearthed items with hands to judge the value of the items. Tomb robbing and treasure hunting has been around since ancient times, and it is even more sophisticated today. Its methods, techniques, and tools have evolved to this day. More modern, collectivized, and intelligent. They use military compasses for detection, detectors, detonators, explosives, chainsaws, cars for transportation, and mobile phones for communication. Therefore, if you want to learn this technique, it is very complicated. Difficult and long way to go. Modern tomb robbers have developed tomb robbing tools... The general Luoyang shovel has been eliminated. The shovel used is modified on the basis of the Luoyang shovel, which is divided into a heavy shovel and a lifting shovel (also called a lifting shovel). trowel).

Because the wooden pole connected to the back of the Luoyang shovel head is too long...the target is too big, so it is discarded and replaced with a threaded steel pipe...about half a meter long, which can be nested layer by layer...extended at will. When I usually look at the terrain, I take it apart... and carry it in my backpack.

Similarly, the tombs dug are different... and the tomb robbing tools are also different. When exploring Han tombs, use a heavy shovel that evolved from Luoyang shovel. When digging Tang tombs, use a flat shovel (similar to Lu Zhishen's crescent shovel). When entering Han tomb chambers (Han tombs are mostly pits and many have collapsed), use a rolling fork to pound soil. and skimmer.

Generally speaking, tombs in the Western Han Dynasty do not have penthouses, while tombs in the Eastern Han Dynasty usually have two penthouses. This is a sign. Tombs of the Tang Dynasty were made of tomb bricks. The bricks were not bonded together to form a dome.

Han tombs with tomb bricks are not common (except for large tombs). They are mostly pits or pits with wooden squares. Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are mostly brick structures, with lime and iron sheets inlaying the bricks. The roofs of some Ming tombs are more than two meters thick (seven spokes and seven coupons tomb roofs)... very strong.

The depth of Ming tombs from the ground is generally no more than six meters, and they can be excavated overnight without special methods. Han tombs are generally about 11 or 2 meters above the ground, while Western Zhou tombs are deeper. If you want to excavate them overnight... you must use special methods.

In particular, Han tombs and Western Zhou tombs have a long history and are difficult to find. There is a process of "finding a place" first.

Determine the location, lower the bougie, lower the shovel, look at the pit ashes, confirm the shape and orientation of the tomb (that is, determine the age)... Then you can make preparations and use special methods to complete the excavation overnight.

Tomb robbers are very targeted in robbing tombs. For example... when entering the tomb chamber, they will dig directly to the coffin... then look for something on the "left shoulder and right foot", and then go to the ear room (East Cang Xiku) Collect,... As for other positions, it depends on the length of time. If the time is short, discard them. There are also many "experiences" when "looking at the terrain". For example, ancient tomb robbers and pits such as "Qin Burial Ridge and Han Burial Slope" are all "square" pits, while modern pits are "round" pits. This is the so-called "ancient square garden". Tomb robbing: The origin of the legend of "Suspicious Tomb". The most common way to resist tomb robbing is to hide the tomb site so that the tomb robbers don't know where they are.

It is said that the ancient tombs were not sealed or planted, and no prominent signs were set on the ground. One of the main starting points was to prevent excavation. The serious phenomenon of tomb robbing during the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period led to various forms of anti-grab robbing, including the so-called "suspicious tombs" and "virtual tombs", which used real and fake tombs to confuse tomb robbers.

Among them, the "Doubt Tomb" set up by Cao Cao is the most famous. According to folklore, Cao Cao had as many as 72 "suspicious tombs", and some of the "suspicious tombs" were even set up in the water.

There is also a folk legend in Quanzhou that General Shi Lang has 7 "virtual tombs", which are located at the gates of several ancient cities in Quanzhou. Traditional anti-grave-robbing methods include stone coffins and iron walls to make them strong, storing water and sand to prevent theft and chiseling, and using crossbows and flying arrows, and laying down fire and poisonous smoke to kill and injure tomb robbers.

Ancient tombs were severely robbed, and the resulting losses were immeasurable. Taking the thousands of Han tombs that have been excavated across the country as an example, it is reported that only three tombs have survived so far.

"When we excavate ancient tombs, what we are most worried about is that the tombs have been looted by tomb robbers." A scholar who has been engaged in archaeological work for a long time said.

"From an archaeological point of view, ancient people regarded death as life, and ancient tombs have become important cultural relics for studying ancient society. The cultural relics in ancient tombs represent the history imprinted by a long civilization. For. 3. An introduction to the history of tomb robbing in ancient China

"The History of Tomb Robbing in China"

is a relatively complete monograph reflecting the history of tomb robbing in China. The author is the famous historian Wang Zijin. The details are It introduces the phenomenon of tomb robbing and the struggle against tomb robbing in various eras, interspersing various tomb robbing psychology and phenomena such as resurrection caused by tomb robbing, sending tombs to seek marriage, driving bone piles, and whipping corpses tombs, as well as the historical development of tomb robbing technology and its objective impact on culture. The significance of the discovery is that it is the most authoritative work on the history of tomb robbing so far.

"The History of Chinese Tomb Robbers"

Author Ni Fangliu (author)

This book. The book refers to the style of historical records and is divided into emperors chapter - six "tomb-robber emperors", king chapter - four "tomb-robber kings", ministers chapter: "two heroes" who whip corpses and steal treasures, and Confucian chapter: one "grave-robbers and scholars" ", the military chapter: the three "nemeses of the emperor's tomb", the bandit chapter: the rebel tomb robber, the monk chapter: the first "evil monk who robs the tomb", the eunuch chapter: the extinct "tomb robber eunuch", the civilian chapter: the two "grave robbers" The nine chapters describe the five thousand years of tomb robbing history in China in a simple and humorous way. 4. The history of tomb robbing in China

Shocking typical cases of tomb robbing

1. Tomb robbing. Bulldozers were used

In the spring of 1982, hundreds of farmers gathered at the Song Dynasty kiln site in Jianyang, Fujian Province. In just one month, they destroyed 2,000 square meters of the kiln site. By March 1983, more than 400 people were destroyed. People still gathered and used bulldozers frantically. Within 8 days, 23,000 square meters of the kiln site were excavated with bulldozers, and the loss of cultural relics could not be counted.

2. Strikes on farmers and teachers, and tomb robbery. Let's go together

From June to August 1983, a sudden wave of tomb robbing broke out in Huaiyang County, Henan Province. Farmers did not farm, workers did not go to work, and teachers did not attend classes. Hundreds of people went crazy every day to rob tombs and rob ancient tombs. 750, including 80 ancient tombs from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and 666 Han tombs. It is impossible to count the stolen cultural relics.

3. Tomb robberies are also carried out on a parcel basis

April 1985. -In 1986, 18 townships in Longquan County, Zhejiang Province launched a tomb robbing frenzy. In less than a year, more than 3,600 ancient tombs from the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties in the county were looted. Among them, 10 village cadres were involved.

The most shocking thing is that in Dou Village in Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province, the village cadres organized the villagers into a group of 10 people to share the responsibility for the ancient tombs. After the stolen goods were sold, they were distributed according to their "contributions" and according to their work. There is a lot of "work".

4. The emergence of professional tomb robbing villages

In Weibin District, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 9 professional tomb robbing villages were established in 1994. Young men dug, young women cooked and delivered meals, and old ladies Guarding the door, old men and children standing guard. Tight organization and clear division of labor.

5. An army of 4,000 tomb robbers

Hundreds of people robbed tombs, which was not the largest crime wave. From January to October 1985, Qinghai Minhe, Ledu, Hualong, etc. County, a tomb robbing frenzy occurred, with nearly 4,000 people participating. In Minhe County alone, there are 13 villages, 52 agricultural cooperatives, 900 farmers, 1,000 ancient tombs, 23 ancient cultural sites, and 5,000 cultural relics destroyed.

6. Destroying tombs, destroying fields, and destroying livelihoods

From the winter of 1997 to the spring of 1998, 1,200 ancient tombs were stolen throughout Inner Mongolia, and more than 1,000 acres of farmland were destroyed. , more than 2,000 acres of grassland were destroyed, all for the purpose of robbing tombs, and they did not hesitate to destroy their livelihoods. I really live today without thinking about tomorrow.

7. Violent resistance to the law and public destruction

In 1993, Chen gathered a group of tomb robbers to rob ancient tombs in a kiln store in Xianyang, Shaanxi. On April 21, public security officers and Law enforcement officers arrested him, and Chen gathered a crowd to openly and violently resist the law. He maimed a police officer with a knife and injured four law enforcement officers. He also incited local people to block law enforcement officers and loot cultural relics.

In total, in the second half of the 1980s, 10,000 ancient tombs were stolen in Jiangxi Province; 23,952 ancient tombs were stolen in Sichuan; and 20,000 ancient tombs were stolen in Zhejiang. Such a violent tomb robbing craze is rare in the world. 5. The history of tomb robbing

Grave robbing is a social and cultural phenomenon with ancient origins.

Remains of conscious tomb destruction can already be seen in Neolithic archaeological data. After the social changes of the Spring and Autumn Period, when etiquette broke down and music collapsed, the trend of lavish burials emerged, and tomb robbing became increasingly popular.

The No. 1 Tomb of Qin Gong in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province is the largest tomb discovered in the pre-Qin period so far, and it is also the largest tomb excavated using scientific archaeological methods in my country. There were 247 robber holes found in this ancient tomb, of which more than 10 were dug directly into the coffin chamber.

Sima Qian wrote about the local customs in Zhongshan and noticed the common behavior of "digging graves". Although digging graves and robbing graves was "evil", some people at that time made a fortune from it.

In the Western Han Dynasty, where the lawless nobles committed evil, tomb robbing turned out to be a hobby of the arrogant. As a result, "all the tombs in the country were excavated" and "the tombs and tombs found were countless." . Some serious social unrest in the Han Dynasty, such as the Wu-Chu Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, the popular riots that overthrew the Xinmang Dynasty, etc., all have records of large-scale tomb robbing.

During the Han and Wei dynasties, there were mass robberies of tombs. It is said that Cao Cao’s military group even set up special officers named "Faqiu Zhonglang General" and "Mojin Xiaowei" to command the excavation of tombs. Official position. The Tang Dynasty's so-called poems such as "there are many mosquitoes and flies in the group of robbers", "the sound of hoeing in the barren grave", "the skull is half out of the ground", "crisscrossing under the bones", etc. also reflect the common practice of tomb robbing.

During the reign of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty, Guo Ziyi's father's tomb was robbed, and some people suspected that it was Yu Chaoen's instigation. When Guo Ziyi talked about this in front of the emperor, he admitted that the troops he commanded often destroyed tombs.

According to historical records, from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the beginning of the Five Dynasties, the tombs of the Tang emperors in Guanzhong were robbed one by one, except for the Qianling Mausoleum where Emperor Gaozong and Wu Zetian were buried together. There are endless records of the excavation and destruction of tombs in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

The most typical example of the tomb digging incident as a government action is the large-scale destruction of tombs in the two capitals in the Central Plains by the puppet Qi regime supported by the Jin Dynasty. Liu Yu once appointed officials in charge of robbing tombs, the "Henan Taosha Official" and the "Bianjing Taosha Official".

Monks who were trusted by Mongolian nobles in the Yuan Dynasty excavated the tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuch Chen Feng dealt with the case of private theft of the Yang family tomb of Li Linfu's wife. Seduced by the message of "gaining a huge amount of gold", he actually "discovered all the tombs in the territory".

Wuchang citizens opposed his evil deeds and once set off a fierce wave of protests that almost turned into a riot.

The common phenomenon of tomb robbing has left a profound historical memory in the past dynasties, so there is a saying that "from ancient times to the present, there is no immortal person, and there is no tomb without death."

The pursuit of property for the tomb owner’s burial items has been the most common motive for tomb robbing in ancient times. Huang Fumi, a native of Jin Dynasty, promoted sparse burials and said that "rich burials and rich burials can inspire treacherous intentions."

The ruthless destruction of tombs and the extreme humiliation of the deceased by tomb robbers are generally motivated by the "desire" for treasure. The so-called "treacherous intention" of tomb robbers stems from generous burials. Although the relationship between active and passive is reversed, it can roughly explain that the main reason for "all tombs have been found since ancient times and today" is the desire for "abundance of wealth".

There are some special needs for funerary objects that we must pay attention to when analyzing the motives of tomb robbers in the past. In the Song Dynasty, there were historical examples of tomb robbing to obtain rhinoceros belts and jade belts.

Some people even went so far as to excavate their father’s tomb. Zhang Bangji's "Mozhuang Manlu" said that Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty liked ancient bronzes, so local officials excavated tombs one after another to ask for the artifacts and present them.

Tao Hongjing’s tomb was robbed, and it is said that the purpose was to rob the "Cinnabar Strange Book" contained in it. Tomb robbers cut up "zombie human flesh" to use it as medicine, and stole dead bones "to use them as medicine bait", which are anecdotes in the history of tomb robbing.

Excavation of the tombs of predecessors and using the construction materials for their own use is also a historical phenomenon worthy of attention. In the archaeological excavation data in Nanyang, Henan, we can see examples of Jin people excavating Han tombs and using Han portrait stones as materials for building tombs.

Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province also discovered that people in the late Tang Dynasty used Han tomb chambers for re-burials. This phenomenon is also reflected in the literature.

Excavation of the tombs of political opponents and their families was once used as an extreme measure to dissuade the other party in the struggle for power in ancient China. Grave digging is also a form of political punishment and persecution.

Tomb burial, coffin dissection, and body whipping were all used to vent political hatred. There are historical examples of grave-digging for revenge in "Zuo Zhuan".

Sima Qian recorded the story of Wu Zixu "digging the tomb of King Ping of Chu, finding his body, and whipping him three hundred times", which had a wide influence among the people. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the Literary Prison was established, and there was a famous incident in which Lu Liuliang was killed.

The invention and inheritance of tomb robbing technology are reflected in historical records. The corresponding anti-grave robbing technology has gradually matured.

For example, using suspicious tombs or false tombs to confuse tomb robbers, using stone coffins, iron walls, water storage and sand accumulation to strengthen protection, and using crossbows, ambushes, poisonous smoke, etc. to kill tomb robbers. They all have their own anti-theft effects. The protection of tombs by traditional rituals reflects the importance that Chinese culture attaches to patriarchal relationships.

Throughout the ages there have been laws strictly prohibiting tomb robbing. Public opinion also severely condemned tomb robbing.

Folklore has been popular since ancient times. When robbing a tomb, you will encounter warnings from thunder, heavy rain, strong winds and fog, the sound of drums and horns, or magical animals. If you ignore such warnings, you will often suffer harsh consequences. revenge. On the other hand, there have been many legends linking tomb robbing to the miracle of rebirth since ancient times, and there are even many such records in official history.

We have also seen that the disgraceful act of tomb robbing can sometimes lead to the dispersal of treasures originally reserved for royal nobles among the people, allowing many peerless treasures that were sadly buried beside the bones to be revealed to the light of day. Radiate the light of ancient civilization. This act of tomb robbing then has a craft-historical and art-historical significance that has nothing to do with the original motive.

Antiques are mostly obtained from tomb robberies, and the advancement of epigraphic research thus facilitated has a positive academic and cultural impact. Bamboo slip materials have enriched the treasure house of our national culture many times, and sometimes they were discovered through tomb robbing activities.

For example, the unearthing of Jizhong’s suicide note is a blessing to the history of Chinese culture. Of course, tomb robbers often have many valuable cultural relics destroyed directly at the tomb robbing site or during resale due to their low cultural taste, despicable discernment and rough behavior habits.

This kind of behavior has caused serious damage to the material cultural relics of ancient China and is undoubtedly unforgivable.

6. The biggest tomb robbery incident in history

A rage for revenge: Wu Zixu excavated the tomb of King Chu Ping

The biggest tomb robber in history: Xiang Yu robbed the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin

Pathological hobby of tomb robbing: King Liu of Guangchuan went to rob tombs

Paradise buried deep underground: Features of Qin and Han mausoleums

The army's "side job": Cao Cao robbed the tomb of King Xiao of Han and Liang Dynasties< /p>

It’s hard to fill the gap with tomb robbers

Who are the robbers of Maoling: Maoling’s previous disasters

The tomb robbers make the tombs empty Suicide note found

Still dreaming about the emperor after death: Characteristics of tombs in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

The most tomb-robbing Jiedu envoy: Wen Tao stole the tombs of emperors in the Tang Dynasty

< p> "Prince Dun" in Fudi Cave: The Discovery of Two Tombs of the Southern Tang Dynasty

The First Tomb in Guanzhong: The Distribution and Characteristics of Tang Tombs

An example of internal and external collusion: Liu Yu stole the Eight Tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty from Gongyi

Tomb robbing activities strongly supported by the government

Civilian thieves win with more: Civilian tomb robbing during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

The final resting place of emperors: Analysis of the Song Dynasty Emperor Mausoleum< /p>

Tomb robbing activities with the emperor's tacit approval: Chen Feng's tomb robbing incident

Coincidentally "borrowing" nanmu: Qianlong's robbery of Yongling Tomb

The aftermath of the desolate smoke: Wanniang's tomb The disaster of the Controversy: The case of treasure theft from the cockfighting platform

When prosperity is over, sorrow arises: soldiers and bandits rob Chongling

The dilapidated palace is robbed again: bandits steal Dongling again

Life is comfortable in the east and west: a brief analysis of the characteristics of Qing imperial mausoleums

A major tomb robbery case that alarmed the State Council: a group of thieves stole Gong's mausoleum

China's first ancient corpse was brutally murdered

Lived in Suzhou and Hangzhou, buried in Beimang

A paradise for tomb robbers: What happened to the ancient tombs in Loulan

The lucky tomb of Prince Ying Jing: seven attempts at robbery

Driven by interests, repeated prohibitions 7. The origin of tomb robbing

In the modern sense of China, there have been less than a year of organized and targeted "archaeological excavation" activities initiated by the state. A hundred years ago, I remember reading several excavation reports from decades ago more than ten years ago. They were not so much "excavations"... but more like "records of tomb robberies." Because its methods, means, etc... are completely the same as those of tomb robbers, and there is nothing "own" about them. Up to now, some methods may be advanced... some high-tech components have been added, such as ground-penetrating radar, metal detectors, gas analyzers, etc., but the principle is still the same.

A real private tomb robber is subject to various restrictions. It is impossible for him to bring a radar to rob a tomb. Even a Luoyang shovel has to find a way to take it apart and "hide it"... so he has his own unique trick. . If he wants to complete the seemingly "impossible task" within a unit of time, he has to think of various ways, some of which are very subtle.