The history of Hunchun?
Korean ethnic minority group
chaoxian zu
Korean ethnic minority group
The population is 1,923,842 people.
Ethnic Profile
The Koreans are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. The rest live scattered in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and large and medium-sized mainland cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Xi'an, and Wuhan. Among them, most residents of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province speak Korean and Korean. Koreans living in mixed areas generally speak Chinese. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the Korean population was 1,923,842.
The ancestors of the Korean ethnic group in China are Koreans who moved from the Korean Peninsula to the three northeastern provinces of China. After they settled down, they gradually developed into a nation in China. The 1982 national census found that some of the ancestors of the Chinese Koreans had settled in Northeast China as early as the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. For example, the Koreans surnamed Pu in Pujiagou Village, Gai County, Liaoning Province, have settled there for more than 300 years. Since the mid-19th century, more Koreans have immigrated from the Korean Peninsula, which is the main source of Koreans in China. Due to the brutal exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class of Korea at that time, especially the catastrophic disaster in northern Korea in 1869, some suffering Korean farmers crossed the Yalu River and Tumen River and came to China. They cultivated areas along the two rivers and worked with Han, Manchu and other ethnic groups. People live in mixed areas. However, there are not many people moving in at this time. Most of them come and go in spring and autumn, and their residence is not yet stable. As Japanese imperialism intensified its aggression in Korea, a large number of residents, seeking a way out, ignored the Qing government's ban and migrated to the northeastern border areas of China to settle down. According to statistics, in 1870, there were 28 Korean settlements on the north bank of the Yalu River. In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1881), the number of Koreans in Yanbian reached more than 10,000. In 1883, there were more than 37,000 Korean residents in Ji'an, Linjiang, Xinbin and other counties. During the same period, a large number of Korean farmers also moved into the area along the Ussuri River.
In the 1850s and 1860s, the Qing government adopted a ban policy on North Korean farmers entering the country. Later, the policy of recruiting people for reclamation was changed. In 1881, the Reclamation Bureau was set up in Jilin, and the Reclamation Bureau was set up in Nangang (Hunchun), Yanji, Donggou and other places to recruit immigrants. All those who applied to immigrate were Chinese subjects. In 1885, the Qing government designated an area about 700 miles long and 50 miles wide on the north bank of the Tumen River as an exclusive reclamation area for Korean farmers, which made it easier for Korean farmers to move into the Northeast in large numbers.
Japanese imperialism annexed North Korea in 1910. The Korean people and some patriots who could not bear the brutal imperialist oppression and exploitation immigrated to various parts of Northeast China in large numbers. By 1918, the number had reached more than 360,000.
The Korean people have a glorious revolutionary tradition. After Japanese imperialism invaded the Korean inhabited areas in 1906, the Korean people began anti-Japanese activities, ranging from spontaneous to organized anti-Japanese activities. In October 1927, the Communist Party of China organization began to be established in North Korea. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, joint anti-Japanese guerrillas between North Korea and Han were established in various places. Koreans make up the vast majority of the Second Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, and Korean soldiers also account for about half of the First and Seventh Armies. In the autumn of 1938, eight Han and Korean female guerrillas fired their last bullets, smashed their weapons, and jumped into the Ushun River, a tributary of the Mudanjiang River, to die gloriously in the face of a powerful enemy, composing the famous "Eight Girls Throw themselves into the River" A tragic anti-Japanese poem. Tens of thousands of Korean soldiers died on the anti-Japanese battlefield. During the War of Liberation, 50,000 Koreans joined the army in Yanbian alone. After the outbreak of the Korean War, a large number of young Koreans responded to the call to "resist U.S. aggression, aid Korea, and defend their homeland and the country" and joined the Chinese People's Volunteers. They crossed the Yalu River and fought side by side with their compatriots from neighboring countries, making significant contributions to the victory of the Korean War.
Socioeconomic
The area inhabited by Koreans has fertile land and rich resources, and is one of the main forest areas in our country. At the foot of Changbai Mountain, the Korean people have developed this fertile territory. In the early days of developing wasteland in the northeastern frontier, the Koreans were short of food and ate wild fruits and vegetables to satisfy their hunger. They lived in very simple thatched houses and used wooden plows. Without livestock, they relied on manpower to cultivate the land. By 1881, more than 5,300 hectares of land had been cultivated in the Yanbian area. In 1884, more than 12,000 hectares of land were reclaimed in the Korean exclusive area.
For a long time, most of them have been engaged in agricultural production, and some have been engaged in forestry and sideline industries. In the 1870s, they successfully experimented with rice planting in Dadianzi, Tonghua County, Jilin Province and other places, and later expanded rice planting in Linjiang, Huairen, Xingjing, Liuhe, Hailong and other places and in parts of Yanbian. In 1906, Korean farmers dug channels in Dajiaodong, Yongzhi Township, Helong County, and diverted water for irrigation, which increased rice production. Since then, the rice field area in Yanbian has increased year by year, becoming an important rice-producing area in Northeast China. The rice processed from the rice here is white, oily and rich in nutrients. It is as famous as the "Xiaozhan rice" in Beijing and Tianjin. However, a small number of Manchu and Han "Zhanshan households" who hold special power use various means to seize large tracts of land that farmers have developed with their own blood and sweat, turning farmers into their own tenants or hired workers. At the same time, a very small number of landlords were also divided among the Koreans. By the late 1940s, the Korean areas were in the stage of feudal landlord economic development and had some capitalist economic elements. There are two types of tenancy relationships: "live rent" and "fixed rent". The "live rent" rental rate reaches 50%. In addition, there is extra-economic exploitation under various names. During the Republic of China, there were more than 30 tax items levied by local governments in Yanbian area alone.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, the Korean areas were liberated successively, and under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, a people's democratic regime was established. Land reform was carried out in 1946. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Korean people have undergone profound changes in all aspects, and people's lives have improved significantly.
The Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province was established on September 3, 1952. Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin Province was established in 1958. The Koreans living in various places have also established dozens of ethnic townships.
In order to make full use of the above and below ground resources in the Korean-inhabited areas and develop the national economy, under the brilliance of the party’s ethnic policy, the industry, agriculture, transportation, post and telecommunications in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture have flourished. stand up. Yanbian Prefecture already has industrial and mining enterprises in steel, coal, electricity, machinery, non-ferrous metals, textiles, rubber, fertilizers, papermaking, printing, food, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, etc. The industrial system has begun to take shape, and it has become one of the production bases for national special supplies in my country. The total industrial output value increases year by year. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery production are all developed. Yanbian is the hometown of rice in northern China. It has excellent varieties and good climate conditions. They actively introduce science and technology. Increase rice production year after year. There are a wide range of fruit varieties, with the nationally famous apples and pears being the most popular. The output of flue-cured tobacco is also considerable, and it is one of the main flue-cured tobacco producing areas in my country. Ginseng and deer antlers are also traditional products of the region and have long been famous. There are railways and highways in Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, extending in all directions, and counties are connected by trains. With the further deepening of reform and opening up, Yanbian has gained geographical advantages in opening up to the outside world. Hunchun Special Economic Zone has been approved by the State Council. The economic growth of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is strong.
Culture and Art
The Korean people have a long and beautiful tradition of national culture and art, especially those who are good at singing and dancing. They like to express themselves through singing and dancing during festivals or after work. emotion. When there is a happy event in the family, they will sing and dance, forming an interesting "family song and dance party". Gaye harp playing and singing, water dance, fan dance, long drum dance, farm music and dance are all popular traditional song and dance programs. Korean dances are graceful and elegant. Their dance postures may be soft and graceful, like a crane spreading its wings, or a willow branch brushing the water; or it may be vigorous and lively, reflecting the bright and exciting, delicate, euphemistic, implicit and deep national character. Korean songs have the characteristics of smooth, melodious and clear melody. Famous songs include the chorus "Song of Changbai" and solo "Girl's Song". Famous folk songs include "Platycodon Ballad", "Alilang", "Nodor Riverside", etc. Everyone can sing it.
The Korean sports activities also have their own characteristics. Wrestling is their ancient sport and entertainment. Playing football is a popular sports activity for men. Every village has its own football team. Students in the fourth grade of primary schools and above organize football games. A number of women's football teams have emerged in recent years. During festivals and holidays, various sports competitions centered on football are often held. Due to the popularity of football, Yanbian has become a nationally famous "hometown of football". Swinging and springboards are women's favorite recreational and sporting activities.
The Korean people attach great importance to education and established many schools as early as the early 1930s. There is a good tradition of "I would rather chew the bark of a tree than send my children to school."
After liberation, private school-running organizations such as "parent-teacher associations" and "boards of directors" were established in various places, and hundreds of primary and secondary schools were opened with self-raised funds and materials. As early as 1949, Yanbian University, the country's first comprehensive university for ethnic minorities, was founded in Yanji. Later, more than a dozen secondary vocational schools and more than 1,000 primary and secondary schools were established, including Yanbian Medical College, Yanbian Agricultural College, Yanbian Education School, and Yanbian Art School. Education networks at all levels have been formed. Various colleges and universities have produced generations of Korean high- and intermediate-level intellectuals who are spread across all fronts in the central, provincial and Korean areas. Various adult education schools have also been established in the Yanbian area. Various scientific research groups such as agriculture, forestry, literature, history, and education have made important contributions to the development of Yanbian.
Customs, Habits and Religious Beliefs
Marriage among Koreans is monogamous. According to traditional customs, close relatives, the same clan, and the same surname do not marry. It is a common custom that "men take charge of the outside and women take charge of the house". The father-son relationship is the foundation of all human relationships. Pay attention to father's kindness and son's filial piety, and the eldest son supports his parents. Elderly people are respected in society, and people despise unfilial and disrespectful people and behaviors. Residents in most areas practice burial, while those scattered in towns practice cremation.
Korean people prefer plain white clothing. Women's clothing consists of short coats and long skirts, called "Zegaoli" and "Qima". Men's clothing consists of short jackets, waistcoats, and wide trouser legs. When going out, they usually wear long robes with a diagonal placket and a knotted cloth belt. Now they wear uniforms or suits instead.
The main food of the Korean people is generally rice and millet, and Jingzhi (spicy kimchi) is an indispensable dish. Likes to eat cakes, cold noodles, miso soup, chili and dog meat. Many people now learn Han cooking techniques.
The Korean villages are mostly located on the flat land under the hillside. The architecture of the houses in the village faces southeast, south and southwest. There are tile-roofed houses and thatched houses, and the exterior walls of the houses are often painted white. The room is generally divided into bedrooms, guest rooms, kitchens and warehouses. There is a flat kang indoors. You can take off your shoes when you enter the house and sit on the kang. In recent years, the furnishings in homes have become increasingly sophisticated. The Korean people are very particular about etiquette and hygiene, and especially avoid spitting. The house, tableware, clothes and quilts are all neat and tidy.
The Korean festivals include Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. During the Qingming Festival, we add soil to the graves, weed the Mid-Autumn Festival, and perform sacrifices to express our condolences to our deceased friends. In addition, there are three family festivals, namely: the first anniversary of the birth of a baby, "Huijia Festival" (60th birthday), and "Huijia Festival" (60th wedding anniversary). On each of the last two festive days, children, relatives, friends, and neighbors all send birthday wishes to the elderly.
There are relatively few Koreans who believe in religion. Some religious believers believe in Buddhism, while others believe in Christianity or Catholicism. Buddhism has a long history among the Korean people. Certain Buddhist rituals and customs have long penetrated into the lives of the Korean people and become national customs. However, Buddhism does not have much influence among Koreans now. In recent years, due to the influence of South Korea, more and more Koreans in our country believe in Christianity. However, the Korean people do not have a unified religion for the whole people.
Korean culture and customs
Korean entertainment
Korean people love sports very much. Wrestling is their ancient sport and entertainment. Playing football is a popular sports activity for men. Yanbian is known as the "Hometown of Football". Swinging and springboarding are Korean women's favorite entertainment and sports activities.
Springboard: a traditional Korean sport. Popular in the Korean-inhabited areas of Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning. It is mostly held during the Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Most of the participants are women. During the competition, groups of 2-4 people stand on both ends of a seesaw about 5 meters long. There are two types of "drawing" and "performance". "Drawing" puts a ball of thread at each end of the seesaw, pulls out the thread and ties it to the competitor's ankle. Within the specified time, the winner is determined by the length and height of the thread drawn when the competitor bounces. "Performance" includes optional actions and prescribed actions, and is mainly scored based on the difficulty and posture of the contestants' jumping movements.
Swinging: Also called "swinging", it is a traditional Korean sport, especially loved by women, who often compete in this event. There are several ways to judge the winner during the competition: one is to target the leaves or flowers on the tall trees in front of the swing frame, and the one who touches or bites off the leaves (flowers) with his feet wins; the other is to hang a tree under the pedal. A long rope is used to measure the height of the swing, and the taller one wins; another method is to erect two tree poles in front of the swing frame, with a rope tied with a bell stretched across the pole. The swinger determines by the number of times he touches the bell. Win or lose.
Wrestling: The Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, known as the "Hometown of Wrestling," has a long history of wrestling. Every Dragon Boat Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival, wrestlers from all over the world gather to compete for the championship. People often choose a fat ox as a prize for the winner. During the competition, both sides put on special clothes and tied a bunch of white straps on their right legs. Each put their left glove into the opponent's belt, and grabbed the other side's belt with their right hand. At the referee's command, both sides stood up at the same time to compete. After many rounds of competition, the winner led the ox around the arena amidst the sound of gongs and drums.
Tie Lien Ji: Korean martial arts has a history of more than 500 years. The martial arts routines are mainly based on equipment, among which "Tie Lien Ji" is the famous equipment. Tielianji is similar to the Dashaozi in traditional Chinese martial arts. There is a ring at the end of a shoulder-high stick, with three short joints arranged in a radial shape connected to the ring. The length is more than a foot. When dancing, the stick is held in both hands. The style is brave and the range of control is large. There are smashing, swinging and sweeping. , wrapping, covering, framing, grid and other techniques, combined with a variety of body shapes, are extremely exciting.
Walking on top of an urn: a traditional Korean sports activity. Mainly popular in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province. It is often held after work, and all participants are women. Before the start of the competition, participants stand on the starting line with a urn filled with 10 kilograms of water on their heads. After the referee gives the order, they walk quickly. Each race is 100 meters or 200 meters long. When walking, the winner is the one who doesn't fall over the urn, doesn't spill the water and reaches the finish line first.
Korean clothing
Korean people prefer plain white clothing to show cleanliness, simplicity, and generosity. Therefore, the Korean people have been known as the "white-clothed nation" since ancient times and call themselves " Compatriots in white." Women wear short clothes and long skirts, which is also a major feature of Korean women's clothing. The short coat is called "Zegori" in Korean. It is a kind of clothing with a slant collar, no buttons and knotted with a belt, and only covers the chest; the long skirt, also called "Qima" in Korean, has thin pleats at the waist and is loose. elegant. Most of these clothes are made of silk and are colorful. Korean men generally wear plain short jackets and waistcoats, and trousers with wide legs and tied with ribbons. When going out, they usually wear long robes with a diagonal placket and a knotted cloth belt. Now they wear uniforms or suits instead.
The diet of the Korean people
The main food of the Korean people is generally rice and millet. Supplemented by fish, meat, eggs, dairy products and seafood products, it is basically vegetarian, which is obviously different from the people who eat meat. Spicy kimchi is an indispensable dish in the diet. In addition, cakes, cold noodles, miso soup, chili and dog meat are also their favorites.
Da Gao: One of the favorite traditional foods of the Korean people. The history of making cakes is relatively long. It has been recorded in Korean literature as early as the 18th century. At that time, making cakes was called "Yinjue cake", and Yinjue cake was called one of the traditional foods. Nowadays, every family uses cakes to entertain relatives and friends during festivals or weddings. As the name suggests, cakes are beaten out. The raw material of cake is mainly glutinous rice. In places where glutinous rice is not produced, millet or millet is used; in addition to red beans, soybeans, mung beans, pine nuts, chestnuts, red dates, sesame seeds, etc. can also be used as raw materials for the bean noodles. When making it, first clean and steam the sticky rice, place it in the cake making trough or on a stone slab, and use a cake beating mallet to break the rice grains and stick them together. When eating, dip a knife in water and cut into small pieces, then eat with cake noodles.
Korean cold noodles: one of the traditional Korean foods. Korean cold noodles have a long history. According to Japanese historical records, in the first half of the 17th century, the Korean monk Cheonjin introduced the method of making cold noodles to Japan. Koreans not only like to eat cold noodles in the hot summer, but also like to eat cold noodles while sitting on the kangtang in the cold winter months. Especially every year at noon on the fourth day of the first lunar month, the Korean family has the custom of eating cold noodles together. According to folklore, eating noodles on this day can "live a hundred years", so cold noodles are also called "longevity noodles". The main raw materials of cold noodles are buckwheat flour, wheat flour and starch. It can also be made with corn flour, sorghum flour, elm bark flour and potato starch. The method is to add starch and water to buckwheat noodles and mix them into noodles. After cooking, cool them with cold water, add sesame oil, chili, pickles, soy beef and beef soup to make it. It tastes cool, refreshing and delicious.
Erming wine: Drinking "Erming wine" is a Korean custom. On the morning of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, people drink Erming wine on an empty stomach to wish for hearing. This wine is not specially made. All wine drank on the morning of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month is called "Erming wine".
Dog Meat Soup in Dog Meat Sauce: Dog Meat Soup in Dog Meat Sauce: Dog Meat Soup is the hottest season in the year. However, the Korean people have the custom of killing dogs and eating hot dog soup during the dog days of summer. This kind of miso soup has a unique flavor. Eating dog meat miso soup can be a great supplement during the dog days of summer. Most Koreans love to eat dog meat.
However, it is absolutely not allowed to eat dog meat during festivals or during weddings and weddings. This is a custom and etiquette.
Five-grain rice: Korean people have been eating five-grain rice for a long time. During the Silla Kingdom, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month was called the "Wu Ji Day", and grains and rice were used to sacrifice crows. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, farmers use glutinous rice, yellow rice, millet, sorghum rice, and adzuki beans to make five-grain rice. They also take some and put them in the cow trough to see which one the cow eats first, which indicates which grain will have a good harvest that year. This custom is still spread among the people today.
Rice wine: a drink that Koreans love to drink. Rice wine is a good drink for them to entertain guests. If a guest comes, the host will always bring a bowl of home-brewed rice wine. This wine is slightly whiter than rice wine and has a slightly sweet taste. This rice wine has a lot of staying power. When elders drink together, you should move your head to the side and drink. Never raise a glass to drink in front of the elders, otherwise it will be disrespectful to the elders.
Spicy cabbage: one of the favorite traditional foods of the Korean people. Every winter, after the Chinese cabbage comes down, they start making spicy cabbage. At this time, no matter in rural or urban areas, every family has to cook, ranging from a few hundred kilograms to a thousand kilograms, because they need to continue to eat until the spring of the next year. Spicy cabbage is fragrant and refreshing. It has the effects of relieving fatigue and hangover, aiding digestion and increasing appetite. It is not only a common dish at home, but also can be served at banquets. Therefore, it is very popular and has become an indispensable dish in the Korean daily diet.
Residence of the Korean people
The villages of the Korean people are mostly located on the flat land under the hillside. There are two common types of houses in the countryside: thatched houses and tile houses. Most of the buildings in the village face south, southeast, or southwest. There are tile-roofed houses and thatched houses, and the outside walls of the houses are mostly painted white. The roof is composed of four slopes. The upper cover of the main room is in the shape of a large "herringbone". The slopes of the two wings are smaller and covered with straw or gray tiles. Each house has one or four doors and windows on the front. There are usually doors and windows at the back. The room is generally divided into bedrooms, guest rooms, kitchens and warehouses. Some built side rooms in the main house to serve as housing and warehouses. The indoor kang is paved with adobe bricks or flat stones. Take off your shoes when you enter the house and sit on the Kang. The outdoor roof foundation is 60-70 cm above the ground, and there are steps outside.
Love and Marriage of the Korean People
As for marriage, the Korean people practice monogamy. According to traditional customs, close relatives, the same clan, and the same surname are not allowed to intermarry. It is a common custom that "men take charge of the outside and women take charge of the house". Before liberation, marriages were arranged by parents, and early marriages were common. Son-in-laws and child brides were also common. Korean wedding customs go through six etiquettes from matchmaking to marriage, namely "nacai", "asking for name", "naji", "nabi", "asking for date" and "welcoming invitation". The "nacai" gift is a gift given by the groom's family to the bride's family when proposing marriage. The "name-asking" ritual is a ritual for divining the bride's future luck and asking for her mother's name. The "Naji" ceremony is the groom's family notifying the bride's family of an auspicious day. The "paying money" gift is a financial gift such as green satin and red satin given to the bride by the groom's family. The "date request" gift is when the groom's family sends the selected wedding date to the bride's family in writing for advice, and the bride's family will ask for their opinions based on the girl's Respond to specific circumstances. In the "welcoming" ceremony, the bride's family will respond based on the girl's specific situation. The "welcome" ceremony, when the groom welcomes the bride, is also the most solemn. The Korean wedding ceremony is very complicated. In Yanbian, the wedding is usually held in two stages: first at the bride's home, and then at the groom's home. It is called the "groom's wedding" when it is held at the bride's house, and it is called the "bride's wedding" when it is held at the groom's house. The groom's wedding is generally carried out in the order of the laying ceremony, handover ceremony, house closing ceremony, and banquet ceremony. After the groom stayed at the bride's house for three days, he went home alone. Then the bride waited for the chosen auspicious day before being welcomed to the groom's house. The groom's house also set up a wedding ceremony hall and held a wedding banquet for the bride. The next day, the bride and her husband's family People recognize each other, give gifts, and are invited to entertain. At this point, the wedding is over. Koreans generally do not divorce after getting married. They hold a ceremony of offering wood geese during the wedding to symbolize the couple's wish to grow old together.
Funerals of the Korean people
The Korean people mostly practice burial, and some areas also practice cremation. After the death of an elderly Korean man, his relatives are not allowed to wash their faces, have their hair cut, or eat dry food within three days, and must wear mourning clothes. When relatives and friends come to express condolences, they first kowtow three times in front of the body, and then kowtow twice with the relatives of the deceased. The burial must be held on a single day. During the burial, the deceased should be given new clothes and the original clothes should be burned. Buried three days later. Before burial, you should ask a Feng Shui master to choose a cemetery. The cemetery is usually chosen on the sunny side of the hillside, with the head facing the top of the mountain and the feet facing down. After burial, offerings are placed in front of the grave and people kowtow.
After that, sacrifices must be made for three consecutive days, with offerings made before meals: on the first day, offering sacrifices is called "Chu Yun", on the second day, it is called "Bai Yun", and on the third day, bringing offerings to the cemetery is called "San Yun". From now on, sacrifices will be held on every birthday, death day, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. of the deceased.
Festivals of the Korean people
The festivals of the Korean people are basically the same as those of the Han people. The main festivals of the year include Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. In addition, there are three family festivals, namely the baby's first birthday, "Huijia Festival" (60th birthday), "Huijia Festival" (60th wedding anniversary), etc.
Korean Spring Festival: The festival life of the Korean people who are good at singing and dancing is colorful. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stays up all night, and the music of the ancient gayageum and dongxiao brings people into a new realm. During the festival, men, women and children, old and young, sing and dance to their heart's content, press the springboard, tug-of-war, etc. The competition ground is very lively, and people support the old and the young to watch. On the night of the 15th day of the first lunar month, a traditional celebration gathering is held. Several elderly people board the wooden "moon-watching frame" to see the bright moon first, which means that their children and grandchildren will be healthy and everything goes well. Afterwards, everyone gathered around the lit "Wangyue Tower" and sang and danced to the music of long drums, dongxiao and suona until they were full of joy.
Shangyuan Festival: a traditional annual festival of the Korean people. Held every year on the 15th day of the first lunar month, the festival lasts for one day. On this day, North Koreans must first go to their ancestors' graves to deliver lanterns, and then put up "belonging" lanterns in the hall, hang sky lanterns in the courtyard, hang wall lanterns on both sides of the courtyard door, and also go to the river. Release the light ship. On this day, you also need to eat medicinal rice, grain rice, and drink Chonger wine. Medicinal rice uses glutinous rice and honey as its basic raw materials. Mixed with jujube, chestnuts, pine nuts, etc. and cooked. Because the raw materials of medicated rice are expensive and difficult to assemble, they are usually replaced by "five-in-one rice" made from five kinds of rice, millet, rhubarb rice, glutinous rice, and rice beans. In order to hope for a good harvest that year. There are many games during the Shangyuan Festival. In the past, there were torch battles, car battles, tug-of-war, etc. A torch war is a fire competition to see whose torch is the brightest and burns the longest. Car battles are about whose car is stronger. All entertainment activities were attended by the whole village. Onlookers beat drums and cheered, and it was extremely lively. The winner sings, dances and celebrates his victory. In the evening, everyone holds torches and goes up to the height of Dongshan Mountain to welcome the full moon. Whoever is lucky that year can see the rising full moon. After welcoming the full moon, men, women, old and young step on the bridge under the moonlight. Stepping on the bridge is also called stepping on the bridge. The words "bridge" and "leg" in Korean have the same pronunciation, and "bridge" means leg training. When stepping on the bridge, each person has to go back and forth on the bridge several times to dozens of times. The number of times must be equal to his or her age in order to pray for blessings and prevent disasters.
Baby Birthday Day: the baby’s first birthday day. In Korean life rites, the baby's first anniversary is the most important. The baby's first anniversary is also celebrated with great pomp and ceremony. When the baby's birthday comes, the baby's mother dresses herself up beautifully, then puts the baby in an elaborate national costume, and then carries the baby to the prepared birthday table so that the baby can "look over" it specially. The "prey" set out for him. There will be some cakes, candies, food, pens, books, guns and other symbolic things placed on the table. After the guests have arrived, the baby's mother asks the baby to take whatever he likes from the various things on the table. When the child reaches for something from the table, the guests cheer and say cheering words. This process is called the "ritual" of the baby receiving the birthday table. In some places, it is still customary for the elderly to put a ball of plain white thread around their children's necks to express their hope that the child will become a pure white person like the snow-white ball of thread and live as long as the long thread.
Hair Washing Festival: The 15th day of the sixth lunar month is the Korean hair washing festival. This day is regarded as an auspicious day. In the early morning, men, women and children go to the river to wash their hair. Legend has it that washing your hair with the eastward flowing water is very auspicious. In the evening, people also hold a hair-washing banquet at home and sing hair-washing songs. Then the whole family, old and young, sit together happily and have a sumptuous dinner.
Return to Wedding Day: Among Korean family festivals, the most solemn is "Return to Wedding Day", also known as "Return to Wedding Day", which is the 60th wedding anniversary. The following three conditions must be met to hold the Wedding Festival: first, the old couple are alive; second, the biological children are alive; third, the grandchildren have not died in infancy. If one of the biological children or grandchildren dies, the Return Marriage Festival cannot be held. Therefore, it is a great honor for any family to hold a wedding festival. Relatives and friends come to congratulate each other. An old couple puts on the wedding attire of their youth and supports each other to sit down. Everyone frequently raises glasses to bless each other, which is better than that of young people. The wedding was more lively and grand.
June 1st: "June 1st" is the International Children's Day, but it has evolved into a new national holiday in Yanbian.
In Yanbian, people regard the "June 1" Children's Day activity as an important child-friendly activity. On the day of "June 1", the streets are often empty, and people dressed in festive costumes flock to the park for garden activities.
Customs of the Korean people
Etiquette: The Korean people pay attention to the filial piety of the husband and the filial piety of the son. The eldest son supports his parents. People despise unfilial and disrespectful people and behaviors. Young Koreans must use honorifics when speaking to their elders, and they should also use honorifics when they meet for the first time. When eating, only the elders can use their chopsticks before the rest of the group can eat. When eating, the spoon should be placed in the soup bowl. If it is placed on the table, it means that you have finished eating. When walking with the elders, the young people must walk behind. If there is an emergency and they have to go ahead, they must explain the reason to the elders.
Sixtieth birthday banquet: Every Korean family attaches great importance to the 60th birthday of the elderly. On the 60th anniversary of their parents' birth, the children will hold a "Sixtieth Birthday Banquet" (also called the Sixtieth Birthday Ceremony) for the elderly. At the 60th anniversary banquet, children and relatives gather together happily. The old couple wear new clothes and sit in the middle, and the children in costumes sit down in order of seniority. At the beginning of the birthday celebration, starting from the eldest son and his wife, and ending with the grandson, they poured wine and knelt down to bless the old man in turn, thanking the old man for his hard work and nurturing grace. After the ceremony, the children entertained their relatives and friends warmly.
Outstanding Figures
Zheng Lucheng (1918-1976) composer. His original name was Jung Bo-eun, originally from North Korea. He was born on August 13, 1918, in a poor peasant family in Yanglim Town, Gwangju, South Jeolla Province, North Korea. In the spring of 1933, Zheng Lucheng accompanied a group of progressive Korean youths to Nanjing, China, and entered the Korean Revolutionary Cadre School run by the Korean Revolutionary Organization Yiyue Tuan. After graduation, he stayed in the Yiyue Regiment to engage in secret anti-Japanese work, and met Xian Xinghai while participating in the Chinese people's anti-Japanese and national salvation singing movement. In early 1937, Zheng Lucheng joined the Korean National Liberation League in Shanghai. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he devoted himself to anti-Japanese propaganda activities and composed his first song "Song of Fighting Women". After arriving in Yan'an in October 1937, Zheng Lucheng studied in the Music Department of Shaanbei Public School and Yan'an Lu Xun Art College. During his tenure as a vocal music teacher at "Luyi", Zheng Lucheng created a series of important works, such as the song "Ode to Yan'an" and the unfinished collection of military song chorus "Eighth Route Army Cantata", among which "March of the Eighth Route Army" (later renamed "Chinese People's Song") "March of the People's Liberation Army" and "March of the Eighth Route Army" have become widely sung war songs of the People's Army. In addition, there are also songs such as "Yanshui Ballad", "New Folk Song" and the chorus "Anti-Japanese Cavalry". He was sent to work at the Eighth Route Army Headquarters in Taihang Mountain and served as the director of the Korean Revolutionary Military and Political School in North China. He participated in many battles and returned to Yan'an in January 1944. His major works during this period include: "Our March" and "Japanese Anti-War Alliance". "Song" etc.
From 1945 to 1950, Zheng Lucheng returned to work in North Korea. During this period, he composed works praising the struggle of the Korean people and the friendship between China and North Korea. In 1950, Zheng Lucheng settled in Beijing and became a Chinese citizen. He went deep into factories, rural areas, and border defenses to compose for workers, peasants, and soldiers, and composed a large number of musical works. Among the more important ones are: the songs "March of the Chinese People's Volunteers," "Logging Song," "Snowflakes Drifting on the Xing'an Mountains," and "Powerful." "The Fleet Marching on the Sea", "How Happy We Are", "Song of the Stars", and the opera "Looking at the Husband's Cloud" (1957), etc.
Zheng Lucheng composed more than 300 pieces of various vocal genres throughout his life. He strives to create from the perspective of musical image and pursues accurate, distinct and vivid musical language. His music style is straightforward, unrestrained and full of passion. He is good at absorbing folk music materials and integrating foreign musical vocabulary to form his own. His own simple, smooth, beautiful and friendly melodic characteristics. His songs have been included in "Selected Songs of Zheng Lucheng", which was selected and published by People's Music Publishing House and Liaoning People's Publishing House in 1978.
Zhao Nanqi (1926-) Senior general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, a native of Yongji County, Jilin Province. In September 1945, he joined the Youth League led by the Communist Party of China. In December of the same year, he joined the 7th Huadian Detachment of the Northeast Volunteer Army and participated in the elimination of the Japanese puppet troops. The remaining forces fought against the bandits. He later studied at the Jilin Branch of Northeast Military and Political University and joined the Communist Party of China in February 1947. He served as an organizational officer in the Yanbian District of the Communist Party of China and served as a policy officer in the Jilin Provincial Party Committee. Researcher. In 1950, he served as staff officer of the Intelligence Division of the Northeast Military Region Headquarters. In the same year, he participated in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea and served as staff officer of the Operations Division of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army Headquarters.
In the winter of 1951, during the "Strangulation War" against the US Air Force, he participated in the organization of military transportation. After joining the Chinese People's Liberation Army in 1955
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