Cultivation method of pomegranate tree
Cultivation method of pomegranate tree. site chosen
Pomegranate doesn't require much soil, and pomegranate likes warmth, so it should be in good site conditions, deep soil layer, groundwater level below 1m, and soil ph value at 4.5? 8.2. The absolute minimum temperature is higher than? 17℃, active accumulated temperature (? 10℃), in areas above 3000℃.
Second, the management of soil, fertilizer and water.
1. Soil conditions directly affect the growth and fruit of pomegranate trees. Therefore, according to the requirements of pomegranate trees for soil conditions, measures such as deep ploughing, intertillage weeding, intercropping and interplanting, and ground covering must be taken to improve the soil structure and physical and chemical properties, promote the coordination of water, fertilizer and gas in the soil, be conducive to the growth of trees, and ensure high yield, stable yield and high quality.
2. Reasonable fertilization can meet the growth of pomegranate and the demand of fruit for nutrients, promote the growth of tree, form flower buds, enhance the stress resistance of tree, increase yield and improve quality.
The time of applying base fertilizer should be after fruit picking in autumn. Applying base fertilizer in autumn is conducive to the supply, accumulation and storage of nutrients before defoliation, as well as the continuous differentiation of flower buds and the increase of the proportion of normal flowers, thus improving high yield. According to the results of soil and leaf analysis and the topography of the orchard, the fertilization amount is determined.
When pomegranate trees are in urgent need of nutrition, topdressing must be done in time. Generally, available nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the first half of May before flowering, combined with phosphate fertilizer to promote vegetative growth. After flowering, topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at the fruiting stage and young fruit expansion stage can promote the rapid growth of young fruits and the formation of flower buds. At the same time, topdressing outside the roots should be carried out for many times during the growing season, and 0.3%-0.5% urea or 1% diammonium phosphate should be sprayed on the leaves. When there is a lack of trace elements, it is necessary to spray trace fertilizers in time.
3. Pomegranate irrigation and drainage management not only affects the growth and fruit of pomegranate, but also affects the life of the tree. Pomegranate needs different moisture in different phenological periods. Ensuring water supply in the early growth period is beneficial to growth and fruiting; In the later stage, it is necessary to control the water and let pomegranate enter dormancy in due course. Pomegranate needs water in four important periods: frozen water, budding water, water after flowering and water for promoting fruit. Pomegranate trees like drought and are afraid of waterlogging, so it is necessary to do a good job in the drainage of pomegranate gardens, so that pomegranate gardens can bear high-quality fruits under the conditions of drought irrigation and waterlogging.
Third, shaping and pruning
Pomegranate in high-yield orchard should be pruned reasonably according to different ages and tree potentials, and the backbone branches should be selected for cultivation, so as to expand the crown quickly and bear fruit in time. In the first year after planting, all branches and leaves are preserved, and trees and roots are raised to promote growth. In the second year, keep the backbone branches according to the selected tree shape, remove all the slender branches on the trunk and the evil spirits sprouting on the ground, and pay attention to keeping and using the branches on the tree as much as possible. Short cutting is generally not allowed, and branches that are really too dense can be thinned. For early fruit trees, attention should be paid to cultivating lateral branches and fruiting branches, with light pruning and thinning as the main methods; Remove strong branches, leave moderately weak branches, remove upright branches, and leave horizontal oblique branches; Remove the branches of diseases and pests, leaving strong branches; More thinning and less cutting or no cutting, reversing and slow cutting. , make the crown moderate, and achieve the purpose of good flowering and fruiting. The original crown structure of the tree should be maintained during the full fruit period, and the tree should be moderately strong. For the branches that are too strong in the upper part of the periphery, the growth should be slowed down, and the excessive side branches should be thinned or shrunk as appropriate. The growth angle of almost erect trunk branches should be increased. In order to maintain the growth of the tree, the rejuvenation branch group can be updated alternately.
Fourth, flower and fruit management.
Girdling before flowering, girdling the trunk of mature pomegranate in early May, cutting off phloem, and adjusting nutrient distribution during flowering and rapid growth of young fruit. The fruit setting rate of pomegranate cross-pollination is higher than that of self-pollination, so artificial pollination or bee release at flowering stage can obviously improve the fruit setting rate. Pomegranate bell-shaped flowers are abortive, unable to bear fruit, large in number and high in nutrient consumption. They should be thinned as soon as possible, once every 10 day, as long as the buds can be distinguished. If the fruit setting rate of primary and secondary flowers is high, the tertiary flowers (including tubular flowers) should be thinned out. After mid-June, if there are many flowers and fruits at one time, you can keep the first flower and fruit, keep the second flower and fruit appropriately, and exclude the third flower and fruit. Spray 0.3% every 15 days after flowering? 0.5% urea and 500ppm gibberellin solution have obvious effects on promoting the growth of branches and leaves, reducing fruit drop, increasing yield and maturing ahead of time.
Five, pest control
The main diseases that harm pomegranate are pomegranate dry rot, 1: 1.5: 160 bordeaux mixture or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800? 1000 times solution, and at the same time, remove the diseased flowers and fruits in time at pomegranate flowering stage.