Is Ninghua, Sanming, Fujian, the main Hakka area?

Ninghua Huanbi is the ancestral home of the Hakka

Ninghua is located in the west of Fujian Province and at the eastern foot of Wuyi Mountain. It is one of the counties at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. Ninghua is located in western Fujian, close to Shicheng and Guangchang County in Jiangxi Province. It is one of the sources of the Three Rivers (Minjiang River, Ganjiang River and Tingjiang River). Ninghua was established as a county in the 13th year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty and has a history of 1,280 years. The county covers an area of ​​2,368 square kilometers, with an area of ​​440,000 acres of cultivated land. It governs 4 towns, 12 townships and 1 overseas Chinese farm. The total population is 350,000, 85% of which are farmers. It is a relatively typical traditional agricultural county. Ninghua County was first developed during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It "opened mountains, cut trees, and rafted across Wu", which established economic and cultural exchanges with the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Precisely because of its unique geographical and cultural environment, since the "Yongjia Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty, Han people who migrated south from the Central Plains have been gathering continuously. Especially from the late Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the Hakka ancestors traced the Fuhe River and Ganjiang River. Highly concentrated in Ninghua and its Shibi area. Recuperate, colonize, and build a family here. With their traditional superior culture and production technology, they integrated with the aboriginal residents of the Fujian-Jiangxi connecting area centered on Ningshibi (also known as the source of the Three Rivers). In the Song Dynasty, they created a unique culture and economy. The prosperity of the Han nation heralded the birth of another new ethnic group of the Han nation - the Hakka ethnic group. In the Song Dynasty, the Hakka ancestors who lived in Ninghua and Shibi had more than 150 surnames and a population of 110,000. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the first Jinshi in Tingzhou Prefecture was born in Ninghua. Historically, there were only 50 Jinshi in Ninghua. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 30, accounting for 60%. According to "Jiaqing Reconstruction-Tongzhi", there were 11 figures from the second generation of Tang and Song dynasties in Tingzhou, including Ninghua people. 5 people, accounting for 45.45%. If calculated from the Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, Ninghua figures accounted for 62.5%. After the "Jingkang Disaster" in the Northern Song Dynasty, Prime Minister Zhan Xuechuan came to Ninghua with his family to set up a museum to give lectures. The famous Neo-Confucianist Zhu Xi came to pay homage. He was a teacher, which fully demonstrated that the Hakka people valued literature and education in Ninghua, and also explained the prosperity of education at that time. It is the special history of Ninghua and Shibi that has long attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. The "Jiaying Prefecture Chronicle" compiled by Wen Zhonghe, Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, describes the important relationship between Ninghua and Jiaying Prefecture. "Jiaying Prefecture Chronicle" says: "The heroic resistance of the people of Meizhou against the Yuan Dynasty is a ruin. People from Fujian and Guangdong migrated to Meizhou at the same time, and Ninghua was the most common. All relatives and friends who asked about their ancestors all came from Ninghua. "Fossil wall man." If we count from this time, it has been more than a hundred years. In the past hundred years, countless people have studied the stone wall. For example, the British missionary Ken Bell said in his article "The Origin and Migration of Hakkas" published in 1912: "Nine out of ten Hakkas in Lingdong claim that their ancestors came from Shibi Village, Ninghua County, Tingzhou Prefecture, Fujian. Ken Bell Bell's conclusion at that time was true to history, and it is not an exaggeration. Over the past century, more than ten million words of books and articles have been written about Shibi. Driven by the general environment, Ninghua people established the Ninghua County Hakka Research Association in 1991, becoming the first in the country. A county-level Hakka academic institution. In the same year, it edited and published the first county-level Hakka academic journal "Ninghua Hakka Research". In 1992, the Ninghua Shibi Hakka Clan Association was established. The "Two Congresses" cooperated closely. In 2000, it was officially published by the editor. The first Hakka community culture series "Hakka Ancestral Land Shibi Series" with a total of 1.55 million words was successfully held in 1997 and 2000, respectively. Experts attending the seminars. There are more than 160 scholars from more than ten provinces, cities and districts in China, including Taiwan and Hong Kong, as well as Japan and France. They have exchanged 1.1 million words of papers and have officially published two volumes of papers so far, Ninghua Customer Association and Customer Research. We will co-edit and publish more than 20 books and journals with 4.1 million words.