Space weather monitoring of space weather

Space weather monitoring for scientific research and application has been established. Over the years, due to the expansion of our understanding of space weather and the competition for other space-related research funds, the types of space weather monitoring used for scientific research are very diverse. With the continuous improvement of our understanding and application, the related applications of space weather monitoring have become more systematic and extensive.

Ground monitoring of space weather

At present, space weather can be monitored on the ground by observing the changes of the earth's magnetic field in a few seconds to a few days and observing the radio noise generated by the sun's surface and atmosphere. For example, Wolf sunspot relative number, F 10.7, geomagnetic indices, solar photosphere, neutron detector, ionospheric total electron content TEC, etc. It has long been monitored and used.

Satellite monitoring of space weather

Since Explorer 1 spacecraft discovered that space is not empty, people have launched many spacecraft (with various detection instruments on board) to discover and describe the space environment. Famous satellites include stereo satellite, radiation band detection satellite RBSP, WIND satellite, ACE satellite, SOHO satellite, GOES series spacecraft, POES series, DMSP series, Meteosat series satellites, etc. The magnetometer, high-energy particle detector, solar X-ray imager and far ultraviolet imager built by these satellites have obtained continuous solar wind data and solar electromagnetic spectrum data, which is of great help to us in understanding and predicting space weather.