How to heat and cool a pure electric vehicle?
The heating system structure of pure electric vehicle is basically the same as that of fuel vehicle, except that the heating water tank is replaced by PTC heating unit. The inside is a ceramic heating element and the outside is a heat dissipation module composed of aluminum fins. When the warm air is turned on, the ceramic heating element is electrified to generate heat, which heats the heat dissipation module, and the fan drives the airflow to pass between the fins for heating, and then it is sent to the cockpit.
The refrigeration system principle of pure electric vehicle is the same as that of fuel vehicle. Both of them rely on the compressor to compress the refrigerant circulation for heat transfer, so that the evaporation box in the center console produces low temperature, and then the fan drives the airflow to pass through the evaporation box, and then it is cooled and sent to the cockpit. It's just that the compressor of pure electric vehicle is pure electric.
Due to the limited energy storage of battery, the power consumption of electric heating and electric compressor is not low in pure electric vehicles. Therefore, pure electric vehicles with warm air or air conditioning have a great influence on cruising range. I have seen a professional evaluation before, and it can even shorten the cruising range by 30% by turning on PTC heating at low temperature for pure electric vehicles. However, in recent years, some manufacturers have begun to try to use heat pump systems for cooling and heating. The specific principle should be the same as air conditioning, which can reduce the impact on cruising range.
Warm air is an added benefit of fuel vehicles. In addition to a small amount of electricity consumed by the fan, most of the main heat is the residual heat of the engine. Although a lot of engine power was consumed when the air conditioner was turned on, the engine power is not small now, and the loss has not reached the point of hurting people. What's more, the energy density of gasoline is really high, and refueling is convenient and fast, so fuel vehicles can try to turn on air conditioning or warm air.
The battery of pure electric vehicle has always been the bottleneck, which not only affects the battery life, but also affects the power when the battery power is low. And you have to consider the battery's charge and discharge life. No wonder many pure electric vehicles don't turn on the lights, air conditioners and warm air unless absolutely necessary.