Common sense of autumn meteorology

1) Look at the proverb 1, the morning clouds disperse and the dog dies at noon. 2. Be afraid of the south cloud early and the north cloud late. Clouds will rise from the southeast, but the rain will not last. At sunrise, the red clouds will rise, so it is recommended not to go far away. When the red clouds rise at sunset, it will be sunny. 5. Dark clouds will be high and there will be rain tomorrow; Dark clouds are low after sunset, and it rains at night. 6. Oolong hits the dam, and it rains if it is not cloudy. 7. The clouds are in the east, and the rain is not fierce; The clouds are in the south and the river rises. 8. There are clouds hanging in the sky and rain dripping on the ground; Broom clouds in the sky, three days of rain; Cotton clouds in the morning will rain in the afternoon; Tower clouds in the sky, thunder and rain in the ground. 9. Northwest Huang Yun, hail ahead. 10, fish scales in the sky, no rain and wind. 1 1, there is no good goods in the northwest, either wind disaster or hail 1 1, dark clouds are the limelight, and white clouds are the omen of rain. Clouds get married, and the rain is more fierce. 13. Clouds cover the fog in the morning, and there is no rain and wind. 14. Clouds eat under fog, and fog eats clear clouds. 15. Clouds are heading east and gusts are blowing; The clouds are heading west, covered with hemp fiber. 16, sunny in the morning and sunny at night. 17, there are pod clouds in the sky, and it will rain soon; There is an anvil cloud in the sky, and it will rain heavily soon. 18, dark clouds see the sun, and it rains in the middle of the night; Dark clouds have white feet, and there must be heavy rain; The clouds don't go away, and it will rain soon. 19, dark clouds began to smoke, and hail was on the same day. (2) Observing the wind and measuring the sky proverb 1, under the easterly winds of the four seasons, I am afraid that the easterly winds will not blow much. 2. It will rain continuously in spring and intermittently in summer; The east wind doesn't match in autumn, and it snows for a long time in winter. Open the door to the wind and close the door to the rain. The east wind will rain and clear up, but it won't. 5. The south wind blows to the end, and the north wind reciprocates. 6. The east wind is urgent, the rain hits the wall, the south wind is hard at the waist, and the north wind is pointed at the head. 7. The east wind does not rain in the drought, the west wind does not clear up after the rain, and the southwest wind does not fall for three days. In September and May, there will be heavy rain in the south wind. In June, the bottom of the south wind will be very dry. 10, and the southerly wind will be cloudy if it doesn't rain for three days. 1 1, the east wind will be wet, the west wind will be dry, the north wind will be cold and the south wind will be warm. 12, no rain, cloudy against the wind. The south wind is afraid of sunset, and the north wind is afraid of dawn. 16, fog dew in the south wind, frost in the north wind. 17, the wind blows every night, and the rain and snow don't meet; It will be cloudy if the south wind exceeds level 3. 18, there will be sails in the wind, and the rain will clear up. 19, the east wind rang before noon. 20, the east wind is strong after the rain, and it will rain again tomorrow. 2 1, hail comes and goes with the wind, and the headwind will turn around. It will be windy in spring. It rained heavily when lightning struck the clouds. The thunderstorm is not fierce, and the pit is full of muffled thunder. 4. The sudden thunder quickly dispersed, but the muffled thunder was hard to clear. Thunder is like grinding, and the wind is mixed with hail. 6. Spring thunder 10 is cloudy and winter thunder 10 is cold. 7. The sky flashes in the east, the rain flashes in the west, the fire door opens in the south, and it flashes all night in the north. 8. The southeast flash is clear, and the northwest flash is clear. The weather will clear up soon. The bird landed on the boat, and the rainy day passed. 4. Magpies crow, and it is sunny to go out. Crickets are chirping in the house and crops are blistered. 6. The weather will get worse because of mosquito bites. 7. Dragonflies go round and round, and it will rain a day before. 8. Bees are busy picking flowers, and it will rain soon. 9. Back pain and itchy scars. It rained for three or five days. 12, swallows fly low, ants move, fish come to the water to catch their breath, and heavy rain is coming soon. 13, cats wash their faces, frogs call it rain. 14, mantis flying around, with showers. Spiders weave webs, and it will clear up after a heavy rain. 46638.6886868666 1

2. Know little about meteorology

1) Look at the proverbs that tell the sky by clouds.

1, get up early for a walk, and sun the dog at noon. 2. I'm afraid the south cloud overflows early, and I'm afraid the north cloud turns late. The cloud rises in the southeast, but if it rains, it won't last long. 4, red clouds rise at sunrise, advise you not to go far away; When the red clouds rise at sunset, it will be sunny. 5, the dark clouds are high, and there is rain; Dark clouds followed the sunset and it began to rain at night. 6. Oolong dam, it will rain if it is not cloudy. 7. The clouds are in the east, and the rain is not fierce; The clouds are in the south and the river rises. 8. There are clouds hanging in the sky and it is raining underground; Broom clouds in the sky, three days of rain; Cotton clouds in the morning will rain in the afternoon; There are clouds in the sky and thunder in the ground. 9, the northwest yellow clouds are now, hail is in sight. 10, fish scale day, it doesn't rain but it's windy. 1 1, there is no good goods in the northwest, either wind disaster or hail 1 1, dark clouds are the limelight, and white clouds are the omen of rain. 12, clouds are crossing and rain is dripping; Clouds get married, and the rain is more fierce. 13, the morning was overcast and there was no rain or wind. 14, clouds eat fog, fog eats clouds. 15, clouds heading east, gusts blowing; Where does the cloud go, wearing hemp fiber. 16, it clears up early when it rains, and it rains late until dawn. 17, there are pod clouds in the sky, and it will rain soon; There are dark clouds in the sky, and it will rain heavily soon. 18, dark clouds see the sun, and it rains in the middle of the night; Dark clouds have white feet, and there must be heavy rain; The low clouds will persist, and it will rain soon. 19, the dark clouds began to smoke and hail that day.

(2) Observing the wind and the sky proverbs

1, under the east wind all the year round, I'm afraid it won't blow much. 2. East wind rains in spring and east wind breaks in summer; The east wind in autumn is incomparable, and it snows for a long time in winter. 3, open the door, close the door. 4, the east wind rains and the east wind clears, and the east wind blows again. 5, the south wind blows to the end, and the north wind returns. 6, the east wind is urgent, the rain hits the wall, the south wind is hard, and the north wind is sharp. 7. It doesn't rain when the east wind blows dry, and it doesn't clear up when the west wind blows waterlogging. 8. The south wind turns to the east wind, and it will not fall for three days; After the rain, the southwest wind stayed for three days. 9. The south wind rained heavily in May, and the bottom of the well dried up in June. 10, the south wind is only level 3, and it will be cloudy without rain for three days. 1 1, the east wind is wet, the west wind is dry, the north wind is cold, and the south wind is warm. 12, the wind is on the clouds, and it will be cloudy if it doesn't rain, and heavy rain will prevail. 13, it's sunny in the west and rainy in the west, and sunny in the west in the long rain. 14, the northwest wind often blows, and the weather has been good recently. 15, the east wind blows after the rain, and the rain will not stop in the future; The south wind is afraid of sunset, and the north wind is afraid of dawn. 16, fog dew in the south wind, frost in the north wind. 17, windy every night, rain and snow don't meet; If the south wind passes three times, it will be cloudy if it doesn't fall. 18, the wind is a sail, and it clears up after the rain. 19, the east wind doesn't arrive at noon, and it rings in the afternoon. The east wind is strong after the rain, and it will rain again tomorrow. 2 1, hail comes and goes with the wind, and turns around as soon as the wind blows. 22. It is windy in spring and rainy in autumn.

(C) Lightning sound and light proverbs

1, it thundered and rained early, but it didn't last long. It doesn't rain much when it thunders at the zenith, but it rains heavily when it thunders near the clouds. 3, the thunderstorm is not fierce, and the thunder is full of pits. 4, the thunder is fast and clear, and the dull thunder is difficult to clear. 5, thunder is like grinding, and the wind is mixed with hail. 6. The spring thunder on 10 is cloudy, and the winter thunder on10 is cold. 7. The sky flashes in the east, the rain flashes in the west, the fire door opens in the south, and it flashes overnight in the north. 8. The southeast is sunny and the northwest is rainy.

(4) Proverbs about observing things and the sky

1, magpies build nests high, and it rained and waterlogged that year. After a heavy rain, I heard birds singing, and the weather soon cleared up. The bird landed on the boat, and the rainy day passed. 4, the magpie branches are called, and it is sunny when going out. The crickets went to the house and the crops were blistered. 6, mosquito bites are very strange, the weather is going to get worse. 7. Dragonflies circle thousands of times, and it will rain in a few days. 8. Bees are busy picking flowers, and it will rain in a short time. 9, the waist is sore and itchy, and there is rain for a long time. 10, jujube flowers mainly control drought, and pear flowers mainly control waterlogging. 1 1. It rained for three or five days without seeing the mountains on sunny days. 12, swallows fly low, ants move, fish come for air, and heavy rain will come soon. 13, cats wash their faces, frogs call it rain. 14, mantis flying around, with showers. 15, spiders weave webs, and it will clear up after a long rain. 16, the tortoise is sweating and takes an umbrella when going out. 17, snake corridor, heavy rain. 18, bosom friend, the sky clears up.

3. Know little about meteorology

1. Cooling According to statistics, the month with the strongest cold air in China is 1 1.

From June to February in 5438, the average temperature in most parts of the north was between–5℃ and–20℃, and frost sometimes appeared after the strong cold air in the south. 2. Heavy snow and strong cold air can often form large-scale snowfall or local blizzard.

Snowfall has many benefits, especially for relieving winter drought and freezing farm diseases and insect pests. However, the snowy road is slippery and icy, which easily leads to civil aviation flight delays, road traffic accidents and lane congestion; In some areas, snow storms and road closures will also pose a threat to the safety of people and animals in pastoral areas.

3. Freezing rain Freezing rain is snow falling from the upper cold layer, and sometimes it melts into rain in the middle layer, even if the temperature is lower than 0℃, it becomes supercooled water of raindrops. The supercooled water drops fall from the air, reach the ground and touch anything on the ground, and immediately freeze to form freezing rain.

When freezing rain occurs, uneven ice shells appear on the ground and objects, which will have a great impact on traffic, electricity and communication, and will also cause damage to fruit trees. 4. Rime Rime is the milky white ice crystal precipitation formed on the object by direct condensation of water vapor in the air at low temperature or direct freezing of supercooled droplets.

There are many foggy days in winter in China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, northern Xinjiang and northern Shaanxi. Rime is a kind of natural beauty that people generally appreciate, but sometimes it will become a natural disaster, which will seriously break wires and trees and affect traffic, power supply and communication.

5. The formation process of rainstorm is quite complicated. Generally speaking, the main physical conditions of rainstorm are abundant and continuous water vapor, strong and lasting upward movement of airflow and instability of atmospheric structure. The favorable combination of various scales of weather system and underlying surface, especially topography, can produce heavy rain.

The main weather systems that cause large-scale rainstorm in China are fronts, cyclones, shear lines, eddies, troughs, typhoons, easterly waves and intertropical convergence zone. In addition, thermal thunderstorms will also cause short-term and small-scale heavy rains in arid and semi-arid areas.

Extended data:

1. It is usually sunny when there is dew in the morning. Why is it usually sunny when there is dew? This is because on a clear and cloudless night, the ground dissipates heat quickly, the field temperature drops rapidly, and the tolerance for water vapor in the air weakens, so that water vapor condenses on grass leaves and stones one after another. On a cloudy night, the ground seems to be covered with a big quilt, so the heat is not easy to dissipate, the temperature does not drop, and the water vapor stored in the cold is not easy to condense into dew.

There are often rainbows after rain. After a heavy rain, there are many small water droplets floating in the sky. They are like prisms hanging in the air.

When sunlight passes through them, it is first decomposed into seven bands: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple, and then reflected back. At this time, if someone stands between the "rain curtain" formed by the sun and raindrops, they will see colorful rainbows.

It usually snows in winter. Winter is coming, why does it snow? This is because the temperature is low in winter, the ground temperature is below zero, and the temperature of high-altitude clouds is even lower. Water vapor in the cloud condenses directly into small ice crystals and snowflakes. When these snowflakes increase to a certain extent, the airflow can't hold, and falling from the clouds to the ground means snow.

If there is a strong updraft, the air temperature will be higher, just like a big hand holding snowflakes. Snowflakes grow up in the clouds for a longer time and fall more. See the lightning first, then hear the thunder. The reason why you see lightning first and then hear thunder is because in the air, light travels fast and can reach the ground soon, while sound travels slowly in the air and will spread to the earth later.

So you will hear lightning first, and then thunder. In fact, lightning and thunder appear at the same time.

The reason why the time to reach the ground is so different is that the speed of light is 3,000,000 kilometers per second, while sound can only travel 0.34 kilometers in the air for 65,438+0 seconds. The speed of sound is only one-ninth of the speed of light.

Lightning is long and short, loud and quiet. You can roughly judge the height from the clouds to the ground according to the time when the sound reaches the ground.

It doesn't take much time for light to reach the ground, which can be considered as 0. How many seconds is the interval between seeing lightning and hearing thunder multiplied by 340 meters, which is the distance from lightning to you. Lightning will reflect when it meets clouds or tall buildings, so it usually takes some time for lightning to disappear after lightning.

4. Write an article about the meteorological knowledge you know.

1, spring noodles.

Look at the hills in spring and Haikou in winter. (Experience in observing the sky: the visibility changes and weather phenomena of clouds in Tonganxi and northern hills in winter and spring, and the visibility changes and weather phenomena of Haikou clouds in south-southeast direction in summer and autumn indicate the local weather changes in the future 12 ~ 48 hours. "Yundong" in Minnan dialect means the season of late rice growth and harvest. It's cold in spring, rainy in that year, and dry in winter.

Spring rain is cold, and winter rain is broken. 4, spring south and summer north, no water mill ink.

Spring in the north, summer in the south, grass pond. It was cloudy in spring, and the south wind has stopped now.

(scientific truth-it often rains when it meets cold and warm air in Ann in spring. As soon as the south wind blows, it pushes the cold air to the north, where it gets warmer and the weather tends to clear up. It rains continuously in summer, and the north wind will clear up. 7. It is windy and rainy in autumn and sunny in the northeast.

8. After the autumn, the north wind started and dried up to half a drop. 9, spring east wind, in; The east wind in summer is very hot.

10, there is easterly rain all three seasons of the year, only in summer. 1 1.

(applicable in spring rain season) 12, with long sunny nights and rainy nights. 13, south wind is warm, north wind is cold, east wind is wet, and west wind is dry.

(This shows the influence of wind direction on cold, warm, dry and wet air) 14, Bailuyuan, once every three days. 15, Egret South, Foot Pocket; White dew in the north, no spring eyes.

16, hot pole produces wind, stuffy pole produces rain. (Practical experience: Typhoon impacts mostly occur in summer and autumn when the maximum temperature is higher than 35℃, which lasts for about 5 days; In spring, summer and autumn, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, so thunderstorms are easy to occur under the sultry weather conditions. With the application of the proverb "It's warm in the day and cool in the night, and the East China Sea is dry" in summer and autumn, we can understand how cool, hot, dry and wet affect the weather changes. ) 17, the west wind doesn't last until noon, and there will be a table after noon.

(Article 17~22: Proverbs about typhoons only apply to typhoon season) 18: There will be no typhoon for three days after noon in the west wind. 19, the wind is west, and no one knows that the typhoon will come.

(Lao Nongyun:1959 The west wind was obvious around the evening of August 23, and a strong typhoon landed in Tongan in the middle of the night) 20. Tongan in the southeast, Zhangzhou in the southwest and Quanzhou in the northeast. (Influenced by typhoon, the location of rainfall center is different in different wind directions).

5. Little common sense about life in autumn

After beginning of autumn, the autumn wind and autumn rain gradually increased, and the weather turned from hot to cold.

Because the temperature difference between day and night increases, it is also a season when people get sick more. Common bronchitis, asthma recurrence, increased gastrointestinal diseases, "cold" and so on.

Therefore, people must pay attention to health care in autumn to prevent problems before they happen. Autumn is the high incidence period of chronic bronchitis, including people with recurrent old diseases and new patients with colds.

The disease lasts for a week or two, and many months will not heal. People with old diseases should pay attention to exercise, strengthen their physique, keep warm and prevent cold, eat less spicy food, and had better quit smoking to prevent recurrence.

Normal people should also increase or decrease their clothes appropriately to prevent catching cold and getting sick. In autumn, the temperature changes alternately, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is large. Asthma is most likely to recur at this time.

This disease is allergic. People with this history are sensitive to humidity and climate change, and their adaptability is weak, which is easy to induce upper respiratory tract infection. Autumn is also the season when grass dies and leaves fall, and allergic substances in the air increase.

Therefore, people with a history of asthma should minimize exposure to allergens. If there are known allergens, you should pay attention to avoid contact and prevent attacks. When the temperature drops in autumn and the human body is cold, a series of physiological changes will occur, such as increased secretion of thyroxine and adrenocortical hormone, which is very unfavorable to patients with gastric diseases such as gastric ulcer.

In addition, in autumn, because the yang is weak and the yin is long, the gastrointestinal resistance decreases, and germs easily take advantage of it, damaging the spleen and stomach and leading to gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, patients with stomach diseases should pay special attention to keeping their abdomen warm and take part in more exercise activities to improve the blood circulation of gastrointestinal tract and enhance their adaptability to climate. Diet should be quantitative and regular, eat less cold drinks and fruits, avoid overheating, being too hard and too spicy, so as not to aggravate stomach problems. As the weather gets colder and colder in autumn, few people put on a lot of clothes early because they are afraid of catching a cold, but they don't know that they are easy to catch a cold.

As the saying goes, "Spring covers the autumn" and "Children are always hungry and cold if they are safe", because the regulation of human body temperature is achieved through the contraction and expansion of subcutaneous capillaries. If you don't hurry to put on more clothes and let your body gradually adapt to the environment, you can reduce the occurrence of colds and colds. But this doesn't mean not to wear clothes, but to pursue "cool" blindly. The problem is to add them up properly.

Autumn diet pay attention to what enters autumn, and the temperature becomes cool and pleasant. When the temperature drops, people's appetite is gradually enhanced, and their digestive ability is also improved, which is a good season to make up for the nutritional deficiency caused by high temperature in summer.

At the same time, it is also the harvest season. All kinds of animals are delicious and delicious, as well as all kinds of vegetables and fruits, which is the best season to arrange diet. However, if the arrangement is improper, it is easy to cause overnutrition or improper eating habits. So what should we pay attention to when arranging the diet in autumn? Attention should be paid to prevent excess heat energy.

In autumn, most people tend to eat too much because of the pleasant climate and abundant food. Eating too many calories will turn into fat accumulation, which will make people fat. As the saying goes, it is called "long autumn fat", which is not pleasant to hear.

Autumn diet, we should pay attention to the right amount, can not indulge appetite, eat and drink. Chinese medicine says "hemp should be eaten to moisten dryness".

How? First of all, we should eat less spicy and irritating foods, such as peppers and peppers, and eat more fruits and vegetables, such as melon, radish, zucchini, eggplant, green leafy vegetables, apples and bananas. In addition, avoid the accumulation of various damp and hot gases.

So it is recommended to eat some spicy food, such as celery. "Autumn should be warm" and avoid cold.

Because the weather turns from hot to cold in autumn, in order to adapt to this change, the physiological metabolism of the human body also changes. If the diet is too cold, it will cause indigestion and prone to various digestive tract diseases. Therefore, there is a proposition that "autumn should be warm" in diet, that is to say, we should avoid eating raw and cold food in autumn and eat more warm food.

In addition to the adjustment of daily life, we should also carry out cold-resistant exercise to enhance the body's ability to adapt to climate change. According to the characteristics of autumn, we should take ginseng, American ginseng, lily and other traditional Chinese medicines for health care. (Golden Rooster) Pay attention to self-care in autumn. In autumn, people feel that the skin becomes tense, even peeling and desquamation, dry and dull hair, increased dandruff, dry or chapped lips, dry nasopharynx and dry stool.

All these manifestations are brought about by autumn climate change. Some diseases, such as bronchiectasis and tuberculosis, are prone to relapse or aggravation under the action of autumn dryness.

Therefore, how to spend the autumn safely, self-care and prevention of autumn dryness are very important. First, increase or decrease clothes in time.

After beginning of autumn, the temperature difference between day and night is large, so it is not appropriate to be shirtless or to wear too much or too warm. Second, drink more boiled water, light tea, juice drinks, soy milk, milk and other liquids to nourish yin and moisten dryness, and make up for the loss of yin deficiency. However, when drinking liquid diet, especially liquid drinks such as drinks and water, the drinking method is quite particular, and it is better to drink a small amount often.

Third, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Autumn dryness is the most harmful to body fluids.

Most fruits and vegetables have the effects of nourishing body fluid, moistening dryness, clearing heat and relaxing bowels. Vegetables, fruits, etc. contain a lot of water and can replenish body fluids.

In addition, you can eat more nourishing products such as honey, lily and lotus seeds to conform to the clearing nature of the lungs. Fourth, eat less spicy fried hot food.

Spicy foods and condiments such as leek, garlic, onion, ginger, star anise and fennel, as well as fried foods such as fried chicken legs and fried quail, will help dry and hurt yin and aggravate autumn dryness. Fifth, pay attention to mental conditioning.

People with yin deficiency are easy to get angry and lose their temper, which is what people often say. Excessive liver fire will consume yin and body fluid for a long time.

In autumn, its dryness is more obvious. Therefore, another link to prevent autumn dryness is to pay attention to mental conditioning and treat everything with a peaceful attitude in order to adapt to the convergence of autumn and spend this eventful autumn calmly.

Pay attention to the autumn fire. Autumn has come, the temperature has changed, and it is a period of frequent common diseases, especially for children and weak people. ; Thinking about Chinese medicine >; I have some ideas. Ha ha, I've always been an understanding person, so I'll show it. According to Treatise on Febrile Diseases, most diseases in the human body are an unbalanced problem. Get to the point. In autumn, the climate outside suddenly gets cold, but the heat in the human body is still in its original position.

6. Little is known about life meteorology

Meteorology is a subject that takes the atmosphere as the research object, explains the characteristics of large-scale agricultural meteorological gases from both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and focuses on the weather situation and changing law of the atmosphere and weather forecast.

Meteorology is a branch of atmospheric science. The science that studies the physical phenomena and processes in the atmosphere and their changing laws.

The research field of meteorology is very wide, and the research methods are also very different. Meteorology is divided into many branches: atmospheric physics, meteorology, dynamic meteorology, climatology and so on.

With the development of production, the application of meteorology is increasingly extensive, and applied disciplines such as marine meteorology, aviation meteorology, agricultural meteorology, forest meteorology and pollution meteorology have appeared one after another. With the application of modern science and technology in the field of meteorology, new branches have emerged, such as radar meteorology, satellite meteorology, cosmic meteorology and so on.

Meteorology is an applied science closely related to production and life, involving many disciplines. Edit this research task 1 to observe and study various atmospheric phenomena, the interaction between the atmosphere and the underlying surface and the meteorological effects caused by human activities.

2. Explain these phenomena, functions and influences systematically and scientifically, and clarify their occurrence and evolution laws. 3. Analyze, diagnose and predict the past, present and future weather according to the known laws.

Climate serves the national economy and people's daily life. 4. The weather process and artificial climate environment explored and simulated according to theory and practice provide scientific basis for artificially influencing weather and climate.

Editing this history The first person to establish meteorology was the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. He described and explained the weather phenomena such as wind, clouds, rain, snow, thunder and hail for the first time in the world's earliest meteorological book, Dynamic Meteorology, and the monograph "Meteorological Exchange Theory".

Until 18- 19 century, due to the development of physics and chemistry and the continuous invention of measuring instruments such as pressure, temperature, humidity and wind, atmospheric science research entered the stage of quantitative analysis from simple description. 1820, Budrin, a German, drew the first surface weather map, which initiated modern weather analysis and forecasting methods.

1835, French Coriolis put forward the concept of wind deflection; 1857, Dutch C. H. D. Buys Ballot put forward the relationship between wind and air pressure, and their concepts became the basis of atmospheric dynamics and weather analysis. Around 1920, Pierre Knies and his son put forward a set of theories called "polar front theory" to explain the weather changes in mid-latitude areas.

It has been more than 70 years since 1920s was published, but it is still the main theoretical basis for today's weather forecast, and it also lays a theoretical foundation for analyzing and forecasting the weather in the next 1-2 days. 1930 s, the extensive use of radiosondes really began the atmospheric science research in three-dimensional space.

According to the high-altitude weather map drawn by a large number of detection data, the atmospheric long wave was found. 1939, Rossby proposed long-wave dynamics, and his theory also made great contributions to weather forecasting.

1From 1950s to 1960s, with the application of computer, weather radar, satellite and remote sensing technology, all kinds of atmospheric phenomena, from atmospheric circulation to raindrop formation, can be expressed in physical and chemical mathematical forms, thus making atmospheric science develop by leaps and bounds. The embryonic stage of this editorial development mainly refers to the long period before the middle of16th century. The characteristic of this period is that due to the needs of military meteorology and human life and production, some sporadic and local meteorological observations have appeared, some perceptual knowledge and experience have been accumulated, and some weather phenomena have been explained.

During this period, China has made many achievements in this field and is in the leading ranks in the world. As early as 3000 years ago, there were written records about wind, clouds, rain, snow, rainbows, clouds, tornadoes and thunderstorms. In Jia Shu of Yin Dynasty, people often ask about the weather in the next ten days (called "insolence") and record the actual situation for verification.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, according to the observation records of wind, clouds and phenology, 24 solar terms can be determined, which is of great significance to guiding the agricultural production season in the Yellow River basin and has been used until modern times. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, books on phenology also appeared, such as Lu's Chunqiu, Huainanzi and Book of Rites, which are the earliest phenological documents in the world.

Meteorological observation instrument is also the earliest invention of China. In the Western Han Dynasty (BC 104), three kinds of anemometers, Dai, Tong Feng and Xiang Bird, were popular, but in the Tang Dynasty, Xiang Feng Bird was used in fixed places, and the army used anemometers made of chicken feathers.

It was not until the 20th century that Europe recorded the use of migratory birds to measure the wind. In the Western Han Dynasty, the moisture absorption characteristics of feathers, charcoal and other things were also used to measure the air humidity.

In the Song Dynasty, a monk Zanning (A.D. 10 century) used a soil carbon hygrometer to forecast sunny and rainy days. The record of precipitation is also the earliest in China. According to the records of the later Han Dynasty, every county and state under its jurisdiction reported the rain to the imperial court every year from beginning of spring to beginning of autumn. Since then, all previous dynasties have attached great importance to the rain in various places.

Therefore, China has abundant rainfall, many floods and droughts, and the longest history. Due to the needs of production and life, human beings urgently need to predict the future weather changes, and have accumulated a lot of experience in long-term observation practice.

These experiences are expressed in short verse for easy memory and use. This is a weather proverb. The weather proverbs in China are extremely rich, except for some feudal superstitions, which are mostly the crystallization of the working people's experience in observing the sky.

Huang Zifa's Xiang Colleen Chan in Tang Dynasty, Tian Wu Jia Xing edited by Lou Yuanli at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and Zhan Hou by Xu Guangqi at the end of Ming Dynasty are all works summarizing people's experience in weather forecasting. In foreign countries, meteorology sprouted very early. In the 4th century BC, the great Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote a book called Meteorology (about 350 BC), which comprehensively discussed water, air and earthquakes, and made an appropriate explanation for atmospheric phenomena.

Nowadays, the foreign names of meteorology are all evolved from Aristotle's original name. In short, in the embryonic period of meteorology, China and Greece had contact. At this time, from the disciplinary nature, meteorology and astronomy are mixed together, which can be said to have the nature of astrology.

The initial stage of development includes1mid-6th century to1end of 9th century. At this time, due to Europe.