The ranking of concubines in the Qing and Han dynasties
1. The names of the concubines in the harem of the Qing Dynasty
The harem system of the Qing Dynasty stipulated that before the emperor's wedding, eight maids older than the emperor were selected for the emperor to enter the imperial court, that is, they were dedicated to the emperor. The eight palace maids all have titles, and are given the titles of the four female officials in the palace: Accountant, Bedroom Secretary, Master of Ceremonies, and Gatekeeper.
When Taizu of the Qing Dynasty first rose, the palace did not have a title, so the concubine was commonly called "Fu Jin". In the Qing Dynasty, before Taizu proclaimed himself emperor outside Guanwai, there was no complete and systematic organization of the monarch's harem, so the titles of the harem were very simple: the monarch's main wife was called Dafujin, the Dafujin who was married by his direct wife was called the legitimate Fujin, and the monarch's harem titles were called Dafujin. The successor's wife is called Jifujin, the monarch's sidewife is called Sidefujin, and the person with lower family background is called Shufujin.
Chongde changed to the Yuan Dynasty, five palaces were built together, and the title was clear. When Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty proclaimed himself the emperor in Shengjing outside the Pass and founded the Qing Dynasty, he also established a five-gong system (also known as the Chongde Five Palaces): the middle palace was the Queen of Qingning Palace, and the Dafu Jin Borjijit family was In the main palace is the middle palace; in the east palace is Concubine Chen of Guan Sui Palace; in the second east palace is Concubine Linzhi Palace; in the west palace is Concubine Shu of Yanqing Palace; in the second west palace is Concubine Zhuang of Yongfu Palace.
In the 15th year of Shunzhi, the ceremonial officer proposed: There should be one wife in Qianqing Palace, one in Shuyi, six in Wanshi, both Rouwan and Fangwan are thirty; in Cining Palace, there should be one in Zhenrong and one in Shenrong. Second, there is no fixed number of diligent servants; there are also female officials. Following the Ming Dynasty's system of six bureaus and one department, it was agreed but not implemented.
After Kangxi, the code system was greatly prepared. The queen lives in the middle palace; the first imperial concubine, the second concubine, the fourth concubine, and the sixth concubine are nobles, always present, and promised to have an indefinite number, and live in the twelve east and west palaces respectively. The six east palaces are Jingren, Chengqian, Zhongcui, Yanxi, Yonghe, and Jingyang palaces, and the six west palaces are Yongshou, Yikun, Chuxiu, Qixiang, Changchun, and Xianfu palaces. All palaces have ladies serving as envoys. Every three years old, a beautiful girl from the Eight Banners is selected, and she is the head of the household; every year, a beautiful girl from the Eight Banners is selected, and she is the head of the House of Internal Affairs. When a beautiful girl enters the palace, concubines, concubines, and nobles will only be given their fate. When choosing a palace woman, if you are a noble or above, you can choose a girl from aristocratic family; if you are a noble or below, you should choose a girl who is below Tang'a.
After Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the imperial system was well-prepared and the harem titles were strictly customized. The emperor's first wife is called the empress, lives in the middle palace, and is in charge of internal governance. The following are the emperor's concubine, two concubines, and six concubines. They are divided into twelve officials in the east and west, assisting the queen in internal governance. Below the concubines, there are three levels of nobles, permanent presence, and promises, all of which have no quota. They live in the east and west palaces and practice their internal duties diligently. However, throughout the history of the Qing Dynasty, in addition to imperial concubines and imperial concubines, there were also other concubine titles, such as Zhuang Concubine, Jin Concubine, Zhen Concubine, etc.
2. The peer situation in the harem of the Qing Dynasty
The queen (the eldest wife, one person, can be divided into ten maids), followed by the imperial concubine (the eldest concubine, one person, can be divided into eight maids) ) The second is the concubine (the second concubine, two people, can be divided into eight maids), the second is the concubine (the third concubine, four people, can be divided into six maids), and the third is the concubine (the fourth concubine, six people, can be divided Six maids in the palace), followed by nobles (the fifth aunt, the number is uncertain, can be divided into four maids), followed by Changzai (the sixth aunt, the number is uncertain, can be divided into three maids), followed by the promise (the seventh aunt, the number is uncertain, can be divided into three maids) The number of people is uncertain, but it can be divided into two palace ladies), and finally the palace ladies. Palace maids are the most special. Their status is that of maids. Unless they are favored by the emperor and are "lucky", when they reach the age of twenty-five, they can return to their family and marry elsewhere. During the same period, the average number of court ladies was the lowest in the Qing Dynasty, about two Less than a thousand.
In this regard, the Qing Dynasty was the most "benevolent" in comparison. Because, compared to the 40,000 maids of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it was of course a "benevolent government". The palace maid can be upgraded, but it is difficult to skip levels. As a madam, you must take your time. The selected show girls are different. In order for a palace maid to be promoted to a noble or a concubine, she has to go through the stages of commitment and constant presence. As soon as a beautiful lady comes in, she can become a noble or above. For example, the concubines of Emperor Xuanzong and Daoguang were trained as concubines; the concubines of Emperor Wenzong and Xianfeng (later Empress Cixi) were nobles as soon as they became concubines, and were promoted from nobles to concubines. When they were concubines, they gave birth to sons. (Later Emperor Mu Zongzhi), when the emperor was happy, he promoted her to a concubine and even a noble concubine (everyone called her Yi Guifei).
Except for the palace maids, the others are the official concubines of the emperor and can never leave the palace. Among them, the concubines and above live in the twelve palaces in the east and west respectively, each with its own room, and the nobles below are assigned to them to live together.
3. Ranking (in order)
Queen
Imperial Concubine
Noble Concubine Shu Concubine De Fei Xian Concubine Hui Feili Concubine Hua Concubine
Concubine
Concubine Concubine
Concubine (Shun Rong Shun Hua, Xiu Yi Shun Rong Shun Hua, Xiu Yi Xiu Rong Xiu Hua, Chong Yi Chong Rong Chong Hua)
The noble man
Chang Zai
Promise
The beautiful woman
Han Dynasty:
The Western Han Dynasty was first established, because of the title of Qin: the emperor's wife was called the queen, and all the concubines were called madam. Eight ranks were established (the eight ranks also followed the system of the Qin Dynasty): Queen, Madam, Beauty, Beloved Man, Eighth Son, Seventh Son, Long Envoy, and Young Envoy. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Jieyu, Jing'e (jing is next to the female character, which cannot be typed, the same below), Ronghua, and Chongyi were added, each with their own titles. During the reign of Emperor Han Yuan, Zhaoyi was created, second only to the queen. At that time, the harem had reached 3,000 people. In addition to the queen, the following fourteen ranks were ordered:
1) Zhaoyi, regarded as the prime minister, was ranked higher than the princes and kings. ;
2) Jieyu, she regarded Shangqing, and she was ranked higher than Liehou (the 20th rank);
3) Jing'e, she saw two thousand stones, and she was ranked higher than Liehou (the twentieth rank). Marquis (19th-class count);
4) Rong Hua: Two thousand stones are regarded as real, and the count is greater than that of Dashangzao (16th-class count);
5) Beauty , it is regarded as two thousand stones, and the rank is higher than that of the younger one (fifteenth rank);
6) The eighth son is regarded as a thousand stones, and the rank is higher than that of the middle rank (the thirteenth rank);
< p>7) Chunyi, worth a thousand stones, his rank is higher than that of Zuo Geng (twelfth rank);8) Seventh son, worth eight hundred stones, his rank is longer than that of the right concubine (eleventh rank) ;
9) A good man is valued at eight hundred stones, and his rank is higher than Zuo Shu (the tenth rank);
10) A long envoy is valued at six hundred stones, and his rank is higher than five. A doctor (ninth-class title);
11) A minor envoy is valued at four hundred stones, and a senior official (eighth-class title) is regarded as a senior official;
12) The facial features are valued at three hundred stones Stone;
13) As usual, two hundred stones are considered;
14) No Juan, ***He, Yuling, Baolin, Good Envoy, and Night are all considered Hundreds of stones.
Besides the fourteenth grade, there are also the sons of the upper family and the middle family, all of whom regard fighting as food. In addition, titles such as Zhuji, Changyu, Cairen, Waiting for Zhaoye, Zhonggong History, and Academic Affairs History have also appeared in historical records.
The wife of a prince is called a concubine, and his concubines have concubines and concubines, and their concubines are of the third degree.