A brief discussion of Guo culture
From 1957 to 1958, in the capital of Guo State, the Yellow River Reservoir Archaeological Team conducted multiple surveys of the area around Sanmenxia and conducted a large number of test excavations. It was believed that the Lijiayao site was large in scale and was adjacent to the Jianhe River in the south. , the terrain is open and flat, and the unearthed objects are similar to those found in the cemetery. It may be the location of Shangyang, the capital of Guo. In 1963, the Lijiayao site was announced as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by the Henan Provincial People's Government. After 1986, in order to cooperate with the city's infrastructure construction, the Sanmenxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology conducted many archaeological excavations on the edge of the Lijiayao site, and discovered important relics such as copper smelting workshops, sewer pipes, and grain cellars. In 2000, the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology and the Sanmenxia Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology conducted large-scale archaeological excavations in the northeastern part of the Lijiayao site and discovered city walls, moats, inner city palace walls and foundations of large buildings and houses. etc., confirmed that the Lijiayao site is indeed the location of Shangyang City, the capital of Guo. Preliminarily figured out the basic outline and scope of Shangyang City in Guo State, and roughly grasped the overall layout of the city (see Part 16, Chapter 6 Cultural Relics for details), in order to study the urban layout, construction characteristics, production technology, etc. of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Provides valuable physical examples.
Supplementary answers
The influence of Guo culture on modern culture Sanmenxia Guo State was established near Baoji, Shaanxi from the early Western Zhou Dynasty until it was destroyed by Duke Xiang of Jin in 655 BC. More than 400 years. The material culture and spiritual culture it created have left a valuable wealth to future generations. It left to future generations the eternal legacy of "false Yu destroys Guo" and "lips perish and teeth are cold". "Fake road to defeat Guo" has become the 24th strategy among the 36 strategies and tactics in ancient China, and it is also the essence of strategies handed down from ancient China. Its surname culture and marriage customs. The surname Guo, which was transformed from the Guo Kingdom, has now become the most popular surname among the hundreds of surnames in the Chinese family. It has also produced many historical celebrities who have made great contributions to society and the people. The people of Guo State strictly abide by the basic rules of marriage in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Period - people with the same surname do not marry. They believe that marriage with the same surname is a simple accumulation or addition of similar people, which cannot produce a qualitative leap. It will be difficult for future generations to reproduce and prosper, and the parties involved will also get sick. , Marriage with different surnames can promote good health and prevent the disadvantages of mixing close relatives. This principle is still passed down in some rural areas around Sanmenxia today. The people of Guo State not only conscientiously abide by the principle of not marrying with the same surname, but also conscientiously perform the supporting marriage etiquette, such as naji, nabi, personal greeting, wedding ceremony, etc. They believe that these marriage etiquettes reflect the solidity of the marriage and are the key to judging the legality of the marriage. According to the standard, "If you hire someone, you will become your wife; if you run away, you will become your concubine." These customs have been absorbed by modern marriages and transformed into marriages, engagements, marriages, marriages, etc.
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The spirit embodied in its series of material culture. Guo State created a series of splendid historical cultures such as bronze culture, jade culture, chariot and horse culture, and iron smelting culture. These cultures not only reflected the luxurious life and hierarchical concepts of the nobles of Guo Kingdom, but also reflected the ingenuity and superb skills of the working people. Its tomb culture. Guo State's burial custom of "treating death as life" left a deep imprint on later generations. For example, a large number of bronzes, jades, complete living utensils, tools, weapons, etc. are buried with them, in order to allow the dead to still live peacefully and happily in another world. This is also reflected in the rural areas near modern Sanmenxia. In addition, the gathering of clans and burial embodied in the Guo State cemetery has also left its shadow in today's rural areas. A family's cemetery has a fixed place, and it is a treasure land that has been surveyed by Feng Shui masters. The cultural phenomenon of the Guo Kingdom has a subtle influence on modern life. The streets, botanical gardens, shops, etc. named after the Guo Kingdom and the Spring and Autumn Period in Sanmenxia City are exerting positive social effects in modern social life with the deepening of reform and opening up. publicity effect and economic effect. The culture of Guo State has its reasonable and excellent culture. At the same time, as a slave society, the culture must also have its dross.
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Research on the culture of the Guo State Regarding the Guo State, "Zuo Zhuan" says in the fifth year of Duke Xi's reign: "Guo Zhong and Guo Shu are the Mu Ye of Wang Jizhi. They are the ministers of King Wen. , the honor is in the royal family and hidden in the alliance mansion.
"Du Yu's note: "Guo Zhong and Guo Shu are the sons of Wang Ji and the mother and younger brother of King Wen. Ma Rong, a Han scholar, said: "Uncle Guo is the same mother and brother; Guo Zhong is the same mother and brother." "It can be seen from this that in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the two younger brothers of King Wen of Zhou, Guo Zhong and Guo Shu, who were descended from Wang Ji, were granted the title of Er Guo. In "Guoyu·Jinyu", the King of Yanwen "Xiaoyou Er Guo", "Consultation to Er Guo" ", also proves this point. Therefore, it is said that in the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, two Guo countries were enfeoffed. This has been for a long time, and history has a final conclusion, which is correct. The "Three Guo Theory" began with Ban Gu, who wrote in "Han Dynasty" The book "Geographical Records" says under the article of Hongnong County: "Shaanxi is the country of Guo, and there is Jiao City, so it is the country of Jiao. Bei Guo is in Dayang, Dong Guo is in Xingyang, and Xi Guo is in Yong. "Shui Jing Zhu·He Shui Zhu": "Guo Zhong's place is all Nan Guo, one of the three Guo." There are small cities among its big cities, so it is called Jiao State. "According to this, there are two theories of southern and northern Guo. And "Historical Records: Qin Benji" also records: "At the beginning of the eleventh year of Duke Wu (687 BC), Du and Zheng in the county destroyed Xiao Guo. "It can be seen that there was another small Guo in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Therefore, there are five Guo countries recorded in the literature, namely the Guo of Baoji, the Guo of Xingyang, the Guo of Shaanxi County, the Guo of Pinglu and the small Guo. But Because the historical documents about the relationship between the five Guo Kingdoms and the Guo Kingdom's feudal lords, territory, changes, lineage, etc. are too brief and contain many contradictions, later generations of scholars have different opinions and have covered the Guo Kingdom with a mysterious veil.