Does meteorological numerical forecast grape graphics use universal time?
Weather chart is the main method of traditional weather forecast.
The so-called weather map is a map marked with weather phenomena and meteorological elements at the same time and in different places. Weather maps are divided into two categories: ground and high altitude. From the weather map, we can see the weather system and weather distribution at a glance, and know where the cold air and warm air are, where it is windy and rainy, and where it is sunny. By constantly analyzing the weather maps at different times, we can know the moving direction and speed of the weather system, so as to judge what weather system will affect the local area in the future and what weather will appear.
Numerical weather forecast is the main method of modern weather forecast.
Since 1980s, with the wide application of remote sensing, computing technology and meteorological satellite data, the world weather forecast has made a new leap, and the traditional weather map has been replaced by numerical weather forecast. The so-called numerical weather forecast is to describe the laws of atmospheric motion with seven differential agendas of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The seven agendas contain seven unknowns-maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, humidity, air pressure, wind direction and wind speed. By solving the equations with a large-scale high-speed computer, we can get the space-time analysis of seven unknowns in the future, that is, the future weather distribution. More than 30 countries in the world carry out numerical forecasting business, and developed countries have established global and limited regional forecasting models, with the highest running speed of computers reaching 4 billion times per second. The numerical prediction model of total stress has more than 30 vertical layers, and the horizontal resolution is 60 kilometers. The prediction can be effective for 10 days in the middle and high latitudes and for 5 days in the low latitudes. The horizontal resolution of the limited area prediction model is 15km, which can reach 2km in the United States and Germany.
China's numerical prediction has been used for a long time, such as EC. T639 and other European and American products, the GRAPES_GFS system independently developed in recent years has been put into use.
China carries out numerical forecast at 1982, and forecasts the situation in the northern hemisphere for three days every day. 1995 Cray supercomputer (with a peak operation speed of 2 billion times per second) imported from the United States makes global situation forecast for seven days every day. From 65438 to 0997, the global ten-day situation forecast was made every day. At present, the horizontal resolution of global forecast is 120km, and that of limited area forecast is 55km. China's meteorological system is divided into five levels: China Meteorological Bureau, regional meteorological bureau, provincial meteorological bureau, municipal meteorological bureau and county meteorological bureau, with more than 60,000 meteorological departments nationwide. Compared with developed countries, the main gaps in China's meteorological undertakings are:
1, the data assimilation system is backward, and the data of meteorological satellites, commercial aircraft and weather radar have not yet entered the numerical prediction system. The quantitative determination of precipitation by weather radar has not yet been carried out, and satellite cloud pictures are still at the literacy level.
2. The application of numerical forecast products has not yet formed a business.
3. The serious repetition of weather forecasting work is mainly due to the lack of guidance products, low quality and inadequate guidance provided by national centers and provincial meteorological stations. In order to serve, the next station can only make long, medium and short weather forecasts independently.