The weather bureau can always forecast the weather a few days in advance. How does this work?
It is mainly divided into ground meteorological observation stations, ground meteorological radar systems, high-level atmospheric meteorological observation, meteorological satellites and data analysis centers.
Ground meteorological observatory:
Ground meteorological observation is a continuous and systematic observation of atmospheric conditions and changes near clouds and the ground by using vision and instruments. The observation items include air pressure, temperature, humidity, surface temperature, underground temperature, wind, precipitation, cloud amount, cloud shape, visibility, radiation, sunshine, evaporation, freezing, snow, conductor icing and other weather phenomena.
Meteorological radar system:
Meteorological radar is a radar specially used for atmospheric detection. Belonging to active microwave atmospheric remote sensing equipment. The high-altitude wind radar used with radiosonde is only a special equipment for positioning displacement balloons, and it is generally not considered as such radar.
Meteorological radar is one of the main detection tools for early warning and forecasting small-scale weather systems (such as typhoons and rainstorm clouds). Conventional radar equipment generally consists of directional antenna, transmitter, receiver, antenna controller, display and camera equipment, computer and image transmission.
Meteorological radar is an important means of meteorological monitoring, which plays an extremely important role in sudden and disastrous monitoring, forecasting and early warning.
Upper atmospheric meteorological observation:
Meteorological observation in the upper atmosphere is mainly realized by releasing radiosondes and arranging wind profiler radar. The former can be regarded as the high-altitude version of the ground weather station, which can collect meteorological data at an altitude of about 30 kilometers. The latter can be regarded as the twin brother of ground rain and snow weather radar, which mainly measures information such as wind speed and direction at high altitude.
Meteorological satellite:
An artificial earth satellite for meteorological observation of the earth and its atmosphere from space. Space part of satellite meteorological observation system. Various meteorological remote sensors carried by satellites receive and measure visible light, infrared light and microwave radiation of the earth and its atmosphere, and convert them into electrical signals and transmit them to ground stations.
The ground station recovers the electric signal from the satellite, draws various pictures of clouds, surfaces and seas, and then obtains various meteorological data through further processing and calculation.
Meteorological satellites have the advantages of wide observation range, many times of observation, fast observation time and high quality of observation data, and are not limited by natural geographical conditions. The meteorological information provided by them has been widely used in daily meteorological operations, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, atmospheric science, oceanography and hydrology research.
Meteorological satellite is also one of the most widely used satellites in the world.
Finally, the data analysis center. The meteorological data interpretation center analyzes the data from various instruments, and the reason why we can see the weather forecast for so many days comes from the above analysis.
However, the weather changes very quickly, and the meteorological bureau should update it according to different weather data. For example, the weather forecast in the morning says it will rain tomorrow and it will be cloudy in the afternoon. At different times, the analyzed data are different, and the Meteorological Bureau will update the meteorological information in a specific time.