Are Tomb-Sweeping Day and Cold Food Festival both festivals for ancestor worship?

Don't! Qingming Festival is one of the 24 solar terms in China, and it is also a day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. -Cold Food Festival is to commemorate the burning of meson tui. The Cold Food Festival is "after the winter solstice 105, there will be a flurry of rain and no fire for three days". During this period, you can only eat cold food, so people call it Cold Food Festival or Cold Food Festival, and some are also called No Smoking Festival. This festival was created to commemorate the death of meson tui. In the past, in Jiexiu's hometown, it was said that some places ate cold food for a whole month without making a fire to cook. The Cold Food Festival, also known as the Smoke-free Festival, the Cold Food Festival and the 15th Festival, is held from summer to the next day 105, and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. When the first day of the day is a holiday, smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten. In the development of later generations, the customs of sweeping, hiking, swinging, cuju, pulling hooks and breaking eggs were gradually increased. The Cold Food Festival lasted for more than 2,000 years and was once called the largest folk festival. Cold Food Festival is the only traditional festival of Han nationality named after food customs. -What's the difference between Tomb-Sweeping Day and Cold Food Festival? Qingming is one of the 24 solar terms in China. According to the solar calendar, every year between April 4th and 6th. The ancients attached great importance to this solar term. As a solar term, Qingming is in most parts of China. The winter when hundreds of trees are dying has passed, and the weather is fine, the flowers are long and the willows are green and pink, so it is called Qingming. First of all, this solar term is closely related to agricultural production. An agricultural proverb says, ". Don't delay soaking seeds in spring ploughing. " As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises and the rainfall increases, which is a good season for spring ploughing and sowing. The word "Qingming" is quoted from three calendars in Song and Chen's Records of Years Old: "Those who are Qingming are clean and clear." Spring has really come. It is often rainy and windy in Mao Mao before and after Qingming Festival, and people like it to be windy and rainy at this time. There is an old saying that "a rain before and after Qingming Festival is better than the scholar's spirit". Taking the rain in Tomb-Sweeping Day so seriously shows how eagerly farmers are looking forward to the spring rain. Secondly, Tomb-Sweeping Day is also a day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "It rained in succession during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road wanted to die. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village, which wrote about the special atmosphere in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Qingming is both a solar term and a festival. Qingming Festival was popular in the Zhou Dynasty, and people have left many customs in Tomb-Sweeping Day since ancient times. The Cold Food Festival is an ancient poem: "There is no fire before Qingming Festival". The custom of banning fire before Qingming began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In order to let his son inherit the throne of Qi, his concubine. Shen Sheng was forced to commit suicide. Zhong Er, Shen Sheng's younger brother, fled to escape the scourge. During his exile, Zhong Er suffered humiliation. Most courtiers who went out with him went out one after another. There are only a few loyal people left, who have been following him. One of them is called meson push. On one occasion, Zhong Er fainted from hunger. Jiezitui cut a piece of meat from his leg to save Zhong Er. Zhong Er returned to China and became a monarch. This is Jin Wengong, one of the famous five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that after Jin Wengong came to power, he rewarded the courtiers who shared his joys and sorrows, but forgot to recommend them. Some people cry foul for mesons in front of Jin Wengong. Jin Wengong suddenly remembered the past and felt guilty, so he immediately sent someone to ask Jiezitui to take them to court as a reward and reward. However, he sent it several times, but the meson couldn't push it. I saw the door closed. Jiexiu didn't want to see him, and had already hid behind his mother in Mianshan (now southeast of Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province). Jin Wengong asked his body guard to search Mianshan, but he couldn't find it. So, some people suggested that it would be better to let Yamakaji go, set fire on three sides, and leave one side behind. When there is a fire, the push will come out by itself. Jin Wengong lit Yamakaji, but the fire burned for three days and three nights. After the fire was put out. The meson pushed the mother and son to hold a charred willow tree and died. Jin Wengong looked at meson's body and cried for a while, then buried it. He found that the back of meson push blocked a willow hole, and there seemed to be something in the hole. He took it out and saw that it was a skirt with a bloody poem engraved on it: May the master be clear forever. Liu Xia Zuo's ghost will never be seen, so I'd better be an admonisher with you. If the host is thoughtful, diligent and clear-cut. Jin Wengong hid the bloody book in his sleeve. Then, he buried Jiexiu and his mother under the charred willow tree. To commemorate Jiexiu, Jin Wengong ordered Mianshan to be changed to Jiexiu Mountain, and an ancestral temple was built on the mountain. He told people all over the country that the day when Yamakaji was released was Cold Food Festival. Every year, fireworks are banned and only cold food is eaten. When he left, he cut down a section of charred willow. Looking at it every day, I sigh: "What a sad step." The "first step" is the ancient people's name for mutual respect between superiors and peers. It is said that this is the reason. The following year, Jin Wengong led ministers to climb the mountain in plain clothes to pay their respects. When he went to sweep the grave, he saw the dead willow coming back to life and thousands of green branches dancing in the wind. Jin Wengong looked at the resurrected old willow tree and seemed to see the meson push. Weave a circle and wear it on your head. After the sweeping ceremony, Jin Wengong named the resurrected old willow "Qingming Willow" and named this day Tomb-Sweeping Day. Later, Jin Wengong often kept a bloody book beside him as a souvenir, urging him to govern the country. He is diligent, makes great efforts to govern the country well. From then on, the people of Jin can live and work in peace and contentment, and miss the meritorious but worthless intermediary push. Fireworks are forbidden to celebrate this festival. He also kneaded it into the shape of a swallow with flour and jujube paste, strung it with willows and inserted it on the door to summon his soul. This thing is called "pushing the swallow" (also called pushing the intermediary). Since then, cold food and Qingming have become grand festivals for the people of the whole country. Whenever there is cold food, people don't make a fire to cook, but only eat cold food. In the north, people only eat it in advance. In the south, green balls and glutinous rice and sugar lotus root are the main products. Every time I go to Tomb-Sweeping Day, people put wicker in a circle and put wicker branches in front of the house to show their memory. In fact, the custom of the Cold Food Festival can be traced back to at least the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The book Zhou Li records the situation of banning fire in late spring. The legend of the Cold Food Festival, like the legend of the Dragon Boat Festival, shows the people of China. The saying that "there is another village". During the Huang Chao Uprising, it was stipulated that "Qingming is the name of Liu Dai". After the failure of the uprising, the customs in Liu Dai were gradually eliminated, and only wicker prevailed. Willow has a strong vitality. As the saying goes, "plant flowers with your heart, don't plant flowers, and plant willows unintentionally." Where willow cuttings are planted, willow cuttings are planted every year. There is also a saying that China people regard Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 30th and October 1st as the three major ghost festivals, which are the time for ghosts to haunt and explore. In order to prevent the harassment and persecution of ghosts, people have the function of inserting willows and wearing willows to ward off evil spirits. Influenced by Buddhism, people think that willow can exorcise ghosts, which is called "fear of ghost trees". Guanyin dipped willow branches in water to help all beings. Ghosts don't enter the house. "Tomb-Sweeping Day is Halloween. At this time, wicker sprouted, and people naturally inserted willows to ward off evil spirits. The Han people have the custom of "folding willows to bid farewell": Baqiao is in the east of Chang 'an, crossing the water is the bridge, and the Han people send guests to this bridge and fold willows to bid farewell. Li Bai has a saying: "The willow leaves fall every year, and Baling hurts." In ancient Chang 'an. This custom originated from The Book of Songs Xiaoya. Pick from the European Union, in which "the past is gone, and the future is bright.". Willow is a symbol of spring, and the swaying willow always gives people a feeling of prosperity. "Folding the willow to bid farewell" implies the wish that "spring will always exist", hoping that when he arrives in a new place, he can take root and sprout quickly, as if willow branches can grow everywhere. This is a good wish for his friend. There are also a lot of references in ancient poems to folding willows to bid farewell. Quan Deyu's poem in the Tang Dynasty: "Folding willow is a new knowledge", Jiang Baishi's poem in the Song Dynasty: "Don't be afraid of willow leaving", and Deng Guo's poem in the Ming Dynasty: "When you are old, send willow while you are in town." Poems of Chen Weisong in Qing Dynasty. To be presented "People will not only feel sad when they see willow trees, but also touch their feelings when they hear the song" Folding Willow ". Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night" says: "I can't help but miss my hometown when I smell the willow this night. "In fact, willow can have many symbolic meanings, and the ancients endowed it with all kinds of feelings, so it is reasonable to borrow willow to express their feelings. What was the cold food a few years before Qingming? There are several versions. According to the records of the Jingchu period in the Southern Dynasties, the solstice was called the Cold Food Festival on 105 after winter, which happened to be two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Yuan Zhen's poem "The 160th Cold Food" in Tang Dynasty holds that the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day is the Cold Food Festival, and there is a big difference between Tomb-Sweeping Day and Japan in winter, because the Cold Food Festival is similar to Tomb-Sweeping Day. There is no strict distinction between cold food and Tomb-Sweeping Day. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, there were many traditional customs and activities, such as lighting a fire with cold food, sweeping graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day, outing, playing polo, flying kites, swinging, cockfighting and tug of war. With the passage of time, these activities have changed, some customs have been eliminated, while others have been preserved and given new content. The custom of making a fire with cold food puts out the fire preserved in winter. When it comes to Qingming, it is necessary to drill wood for fire again. Wei Zhuang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in his poem: "Thousands of trees and bloom snow are cold, and all the smoke is clear and fire is born. "Qingming fire is called' new fire', so there is a custom of Qingming for new fire. In ancient times, people used different kinds of wood to drill wood and make fires in four seasons. In spring, they take fire from elms and willows, and in summer and autumn, they take oak trees. It was the most popular in the Tang Dynasty. On this day, the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty held a grand ceremony of "Tomb-Sweeping Day Giving Fire" to give ministers a new fire to show their love for their subjects. It is said that many people participate in fire drills every year. Whoever can drill the fire first and give it to the emperor will be rewarded by the emperor. Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave sweeping has been popular for a long time in the Tang Dynasty. In ancient times, Dream of Liang Lu recorded that this day was in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Show respect and filial piety to ancestors. "Old Tang Book" says: "Cold food goes to the tomb, courtesy goes without words, and modernity goes with it. It is appropriate to go to the grave. It is always a routine to weave five rituals. "Why do you want to sweep the grave in Qingming? This is probably because winter has gone and spring has come, and plants have sprouted. People think about the graves of their ancestors, whether foxes and rabbits have pierced holes and whether they will collapse because of the rainy season, and they have to see for themselves. On the one hand, they will add soil to the grave and weed it; At the same time, offer sacrifices, burn some paper money, or hang a note on a branch and hold a simple sacrifice ceremony to show the memory of the deceased. There is a Tang poem describing the scene at that time: "There are many tomb fields in the north and south mountains, and the Qingming is swept away; Paper ashes turn into white butterflies, and tears turn into red azaleas. "The spring of Qingming March is a good time to go out for an outing. Our people have long maintained the custom of going for an outing in Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to the records of the Song Dynasty, "Ten days before and after the Qingming Festival, the gentry and women in the city will wear light makeup, join hands with gold, dance and enjoy themselves, and draw boats, play flute and drum all day long. "People came to the countryside with food. It vividly depicts the lively scene of hiking in Kyoto, Tomb-Sweeping Day in the Song Dynasty. There was a custom of swinging in Tomb-Sweeping Day in ancient times. Swing, the ancient word "skin" is beside it, and the thousand-character script also takes the word away, which means pulling the leather rope to move. As early as ancient times, people created the activity of swinging in climbing in order to get food from high places. It was originally called "Qian Qiu". Legend has it that it was owned by the northern Shanrong nationality in the Spring and Autumn Period. Grab the rope and swing your hands. Later, Duke Heng of Qi invaded the Shanrong nationality in the north and brought Qian Qiu into the Central Plains. In the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the word Qian Qiu was used in the palace as a birthday greeting, meaning "Qian Qiu forever". Later, in order to avoid taboos, the word Qian Qiu was reversed as "swinging". Later it gradually evolved into a swing with two ropes and pedals. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, this swing was very interesting. "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao" records: "From the palace to the Cold Food Festival, the swing was set up, which made the ladies-in-waiting laugh and think it was a feast. The emperor called it a fortuneteller's play. "In the works of Tang and Song literati, there are many descriptions about swings. Wei Zhuang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem entitled "Chang 'an Qingming Festival": "The purple flowers are blooming, and the green sun is swaying according to the painting. "It's poetic. Swing was a very common game at that time. Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty, often described this in her poems: "Stop swinging, get up and adjust your slender hands. Flowers are thick and thin, and your clothes are thin and sweaty. People like to set up a temporary "bamboo shoot swing" and dance and play in the suburbs during the Qingming outing. Because Tomb-Sweeping Day swings everywhere, some people also call it "Swing Festival". Flying kites is the most popular game in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Flying kites has been in my car for more than two thousand years. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a legendary "Luban" who could make a wooden kite, cut bamboo into magpies and flew for three days. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Liang was besieged by Hou Jing rebels in Taicheng, where he served as a minister. It sounds like a song, but the wind blew it out of tune. The real name of kite is recorded in Xuncao Record: kite, that is, paper kite, also known as wind kite. In the Five Dynasties, Ye Li made a paper kite in the palace and took the lead in collecting wind as a suitable kite. Later, he used bamboo as a flute for the head of a kite. The wind blew like a "kite", commonly known as a kite. At first, it was limited to kites. It has become a popular activity. Kite is not only an exquisite folk handicraft, but also a popular entertainment product, which has always been loved by writers. Beijing Zhuzhi Ci also vividly describes kites: "Kites are released for thousands of people to see, and thousands of feet tied bamboo poles with hemp rope. The world is peaceful and new, and the group is accustomed to the blue clouds. " As early as the Qing Dynasty, kites had been tied, pasted, painted and released. In this paper, the tying method of kites is studied, and a book "Study on Kites in North and South" is written. The book introduces in detail the techniques and skills of tying, pasting, drawing and flying forty or fifty kinds of kites, such as wing swallow, double carp, butterfly, crab, pet princess and double child. In addition, flying kites in ancient times was associated with unlucky flying. There is such a description in A Dream of Red Mansions. It can be seen that in ancient times, flying kites was a means for people to eliminate disasters and solve problems, in order not to pick up other people's kites and avoid bad luck. Some people write all their troubles on paper when flying kites, and let them fly into the blue sky with kites, thinking that all their troubles will go with the wind. In ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day, cockfighting was popular, starting in Tomb-Sweeping Day and ending in summer solstice. The earliest record of cockfighting in China can be found in Zuo Zhuan. In the Tang dynasty, cockfighting became. Even the emperor took part in cockfighting. For example, Tang Xuanzong likes cockfighting best. Tomb-Sweeping Day has the custom of eating eggs, just like eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival and eating moon cakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival. There are two kinds of eggs in Tomb-Sweeping Day: one is colored eggs and the other is carved eggs. The former is eating, the latter is enjoying. These customs and activities have greatly enriched the content of Tomb-Sweeping Day. Since the Song Dynasty, they have become as important as traditional festivals such as Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.