Tips for survival at sea (what are the common sense for survival at sea)
1. What is the common sense of survival at sea?
When a ship sails at sea, it will be affected by the local meteorology, hydrology and surrounding environment. If the operator underestimates and judges various factors, Inaccuracies, inappropriate measures, or encountering natural disasters or unexpected situations, sailing ships may lose control, run aground, run aground, catch fire, collide, capsize, sink and other serious accidents that endanger ships, property and life.
After a ship is in distress, in order to escape as soon as possible or minimize the damage, the people in distress must strive to save themselves, and seize the opportunity to use various methods to continuously and accurately report to the outside world the name, registration, call sign, and call sign of the ship in distress. Loading port, location of the accident (latitude and longitude), extent of damage, etc. The initial difficulties encountered by sea survivors ·
Drowning: After abandoning the ship and falling into the water, if you cannot swim and do not wear a life jacket or carry any life-saving buoyancy devices, you will not be able to stay afloat in the water. If not rescued in time, there will soon be a danger of drowning. ·
Immersion and exposure: When the body is immersed in water, heat dissipates much faster than on land. In this way, the human body cannot maintain normal body temperature, which can easily cause excessive body heat consumption. If the climate is cold and the water temperature is low at that time, the risk of the human body being immersed in the water is greater, and the human body will soon be in a hypothermic coma or death. If the human body is exposed to hot sunlight, it is prone to sunburn, exhaustion, stroke, etc. ·
Thirst: Thirst is a major danger to those in distress in the ocean, and mortality rates increase as freshwater supplies decrease. According to statistics, when there are 240 ml of fresh water per day, the mortality rate is 10%, and when there is only 120 ml of fresh water per day, the mortality rate increases to 90%. For survivors, fresh water is more important than food.
·Sea sickness: Even if a survivor is lucky enough to climb onto life-saving equipment, such as a lifeboat, life raft, life-saving float, etc., seasickness will cause excessive vomiting, causing the body to lose a lot of water, causing dizziness and weakness. ·
Dangerous animals: Harmful marine animal infestations are also a threat to people in distress at sea, especially sharks. Although there are not many chances of a shark attack when in distress at sea, it directly affects the morale of survivors. ·
Difficulty in rescue: Self-rescue at sea is much more difficult than in other places. The ocean is a vast area of millions of square kilometers with a highly variable climate. It is difficult for a fast-moving search aircraft to find a life raft or boat, and it is even harder to find a person in distress. Furthermore, the sea was so violent that search planes were unable to land even if they found the victims. All offshore workers and crew members should have a set of security equipment.
The list of equipment is as follows: ·
A sheathed knife tied to the waist ·
A whistle for signaling ·
Leather Gloves·
Waterproof lighter (waterproof matches)·
Blanket, shirt, socks, hat·
Sunglasses·
Fishing line, Fish hook·
Small first aid box
In an emergency, the above items will save your life and the lives of others.
This answer comes from the official website of Extreme Outdoor Network
2. What necessary knowledge is needed to survive in the wild or at sea
The first article is basic common sense. First, the essentials Team spirit Outdoor sports take a long time, the terrain is complex, and accidents may happen at any time. Successfully, happily, and smoothly completing outdoor activities depends on the efforts of everyone.
Team spirit is even more important, especially in harsh and difficult environments. Tips: 1. There should be a clear division of labor for some things, such as: opening the road, cutting off the rear, lighting a fire, setting up camp, etc.; 2. A team leader should be selected in advance. It is important to have democracy but also concentration, abide by discipline, and obey the overall situation; this is very important; 3. When there are a large number of people, pay attention to the marching formation. If the team is too long, it is easy to lose teammates or someone has an accident and cannot be discovered in time; 4. All equipment and supplies should be scientifically distributed according to the physical strength and gender of each person, so that the team can remain consistent. 5. If someone encounters a serious injury, the entire activity plan must be adapted, and the entire activity must be abandoned or some people must retreat with the injured.
Second, pay attention to the distribution of physical strength. Control your excitement at the beginning of the activity. It is easy to go too fast, so you should control your traveling speed. Take appropriate breaks.
Tips: 1. Try to keep a constant speed throughout the whole process, master the rhythm, rest and eat according to the planned rest time; 2. Adjust the plan in time according to everyone's physical condition, and prefer to extend the time if necessary. Avoid unnecessary excessive physical exertion and leave some room for unforeseen unexpected situations.
Third, master the route and direction. Collect maps and related information of the activity area as much as possible before traveling, and fully understand and consider various possibilities. When you have a contour map, you can analyze the planned route and direction, such as how many mountains you need to climb, how many passes you need to pass, and the elevation and descent conditions.
This helps determine the direction while traveling.
Tips: 1. Carry a more accurate compass and altitude chart (very necessary in some areas); 2. Carry and protect maps and information; 3. Bring a signal pen and playing cards to use as road markers in case you get lost. ; 4. If you know little about the area you are traveling through and the conditions are complicated, it is best to ask someone who has traveled there to accompany you or find a local guide to lead the way.
Fourth, pay attention to waterproofing. In the rainy season or rainy areas, especially when traveling for a long time, if the waterproof preparation is not sufficient, the entire activity will be in great trouble, and personal safety will be difficult to guarantee. Therefore, before traveling, you should understand the climate of the area and prepare appropriate equipment.
Tips: 1. Three-season or four-season tents should be used as tents (mountain tents are less waterproof and should be used with caution in low-altitude areas); 2. Use backpack covers or plastic sheets to cover backpacks, even if the backpack is waterproof. Do this; 3. Before filling the backpack, wrap it in a plastic bag or a sealed bag, which is waterproof and helps to sort the items; 4. If possible, use waterproof jackets and pants (waterproof, gore-tex and any other Materials marked breathable are acceptable), and it is best to prepare rain gear; 5. Hiking shoes should be waterproof and breathable, which is very important. Fifth, pay attention to drinking water issues. Loss of water is extremely dangerous.
When traveling for short distances, if it is known that rehydration is difficult, you should bring enough drinking water. Each person needs about 2 liters per day. When traveling long distances, you can get water from streams, waterfalls, rivers, and lakes on the way, but it is best to get flowing water and observe its pollution. Tips: 1. Drinking water in water-scarce areas should be distributed according to plans.
Except for special circumstances, never drink all the water before finding the water source; 2. After collecting water from the wild, be sure to boil the water (boil for 5 minutes) before drinking if possible; 3. There is a lot of mud in the water When removing sand, let the water settle for more than 10 minutes; 4. In areas where there are many leech, water must be boiled before drinking; 5. If possible, you can bring filters and water purification tablets to replace the situation where heating cannot be used; 6. If there is a shortage of water, If you are active in the area for a long time, you should learn other wild water collection methods. Sixth, be careful about using fire outdoors. When traveling, carry more than one fire source, such as lighters, waterproof matches, etc.
It is best to bring a camping gas stove and gas tank if possible. From an environmental perspective, don’t light a bonfire unless necessary.
When lighting a fire in the campground, please pay attention to whether the campground is a no-fire zone. Please do not violate the rules unless necessary for survival. Tips: 1. Pay attention to the wind direction, do not stack the fire upwind of the tent, and keep a certain distance from the tent; 2. When leaving, use water and earth and stone to cover the fire to completely extinguish the fire, and check whether there is still smoke.
Seventh, safe camping. Find a safe, wind-sheltered, dry and flat high place to camp. Six major principles should be paid attention to: first, not in the center of the canyon to avoid flash floods; second, not near water to avoid rising water; third, not under the cliff to avoid falling rocks; fourth, not in high protruding areas, Avoid strong winds; fifth, do not stay under independent trees to avoid electric shock; sixth, do not stay among grass and trees to avoid snakes and insects.
Tips: 1. It is best to have a water source near the camp and it is easy to get water; 2. If you need to light a fire, consider whether there is firewood nearby; 3. In rainy or rainy seasons, pay attention to the surroundings of the tent depending on the terrain conditions Dig drainage ditches; 4. When the wind is strong, pay attention to the wind-resistant fixation of the tent, and make sure it is safe before resting; 5. Put valuables, clothing, and food into the tent before going to bed (if there is still space in the tent). Eighth, pay attention to keeping warm. In many areas (such as deserts and mountainous areas), the temperature difference between day and night is large, and a large increase in altitude will also produce a large temperature difference (the temperature drops by -6 degrees when the altitude increases by 1000M).
In high mountain areas, hypothermia is extremely dangerous. When hiking or traveling in high-altitude areas, pay attention to keeping warm after sweating and before going to bed.
Tips: 1. Make a full estimate of the possible lowest temperature in the area you are visiting, prepare warm clothes and choose a suitable sleeping bag accordingly; 2. When the clothes are wet by rain or sweat, the rate of heat dissipation is Surprisingly, change into dry underwear as soon as possible at this time. If possible, you can choose underwear made of sweat-wicking and quick-drying fabrics such as coolmax; 3. Pay attention to shelter from the wind; 4. Drink hot water; 5. Alpine and cold areas require more professional equipment and knowledge.
————————— Chapter 2 Survival Rescue—————————— Human beings have accumulated experience in conquering nature through setbacks, and have developed almost every corner of the earth. All can gain a foothold. Survival is the art of staying alive.
Putting weak individuals in a dangerous nature, if they don’t master some survival skills, how can they withstand sudden disasters? First, general common sense. Among them, spiritual factors are the key to getting out of desperate situations. Modern people have already used scientific means to prove the great role of the spirit, and its significance is self-evident.
1. Don’t provoke wild animals. For example, in Africa's Chobe National Park in Botswana, there are many free-ranging animals.
One day, yes.
3. Ask for some sea survival skills
Catch fish. Making your own fishing hooks and fishing lines can catch enough fish for you to eat. You can use shoelaces, parachute lanyards, or thread pulled from clothing to make fishing line. Small fish will swarm in the shadows of the raft underwater and can be fished and used as bait to catch larger fish. Make a fishing net to catch fish, crabs, shrimps, etc.
At night, some fish, especially flying fish, will jump onto the raft and become your ready meal. You can also shine a flashlight on the water surface to attract fish. Using a mirror to reflect moonlight onto the water will also attract fish.
Bird hunting Birds are sometimes attracted to life rafts and use them as a place to perch. If a bird lands on a life raft, wait until its wings are fully folded before grabbing it. Or you can use a baited hook to catch the birds.
Picking up grass In seawater far from the coast, seaweed is sometimes found floating on the water. Seaweed is rich in minerals, but if your stomach is not used to seaweed, it may cause severe diarrhea. Only eat small amounts of seaweed at a time. Collecting water
A tarp can be used to collect rainwater. If there is salt frost formed by seawater crystals on the tarpaulin, it should be washed in seawater so that there will not be too much salt on the tarpaulin that harms your health. At night, tie the tarp into a parasol shape with the edges facing up to collect dew. When it rains, collect and drink as much rainwater as you can.
If water is in short supply, use it economically and efficiently.
Dehydration is caused by vomiting, diarrhea, reduced water intake, sweating, drinking alcoholic beverages, bleeding, urinating, or drinking sea water. Drink water regularly and regularly to conserve your energy. Sunburn is one of the most serious injuries in sea survival. (Source: 517 Outdoor Network)
4. Some common sense about going to sea
First, the personnel in driving, engineering, communication and other positions should be fully equipped; second, the hull and various Equipment should be maintained, repaired and professionally inspected to be airworthy.
Safety, fire protection, life-saving equipment, and emergency equipment must be complete and undamaged; third, the "Fishery Vessel Inspection Certificate", "Fishery Vessel Registration Certificate", "Fishery Fishing License" and other certificates must be complete and valid. It must be emphasized that not just anyone can be a marine fishing crew member and must meet certain conditions.
Crew members must be in good health and qualified through training; job crew members must hold valid job certificates; ordinary crew members must undergo basic safety skills training. 2 Things to note before fishing boats go to sea: First, listen to the weather forecast and understand the weather conditions in the sailing and operating areas; second, check the navigation instruments and equipment to ensure that communications, navigation, lights, models and other equipment are in normal operation; third The first is to apply for port exit visas in accordance with regulations; the fishing boats must be loaded reasonably and maintain good stability; fourth, they are grouped for production and do not go to sea alone; fifth, the shipowner should also purchase insurance for each fishermen who go to sea.
3 Points to note: Fishing boats should pay attention to the following points during normal navigation. First, special personnel must be assigned to lookout when fishing boats are sailing. Personnel on duty must not leave their posts without permission, and handover procedures must be performed when handovers are made; second, fishing boats must not Navigation beyond the navigation zone or wind resistance level shall not be allowed in the prohibited navigation area; third, navigation operations should avoid the customary routes of commercial ships; fourth, the lights and ship types must be correctly displayed and sound signals must be sounded according to regulations to accurately identify oneself The dynamics of the ship; fifthly, the "1972 International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea" must be strictly observed. 4 Points to note: When a fishing boat sails in accident-prone waters, it should be noted that the captain must be on duty personally and arrange for personnel to strengthen lookouts to accurately determine the ship's position. It is necessary to drive cautiously and maintain a safe speed according to the prevailing wind strength, wind direction, wave height, current direction, etc.
5 things to note when a fishing boat is traveling in fog: first, turn on the radar, use safe speed, and send more lookouts; second, when you are not sure about the position of the ship or have doubts, you should choose to Anchor nearby; third, sound the corresponding sound signal according to the movement of the ship, and display the light and signal pattern; fourth, keep quiet in order to listen to other ships' fog signals and VHF wireless calls; fifth, use good navigation skills Driving with extreme caution; sixth, when necessary, the captain should order all or part of the watertight doors and windows to be closed; seventh, during fog navigation, crew members such as pilots and engineers should stick to their posts and strictly perform their respective duties. 6 Points to Watch: Communication while out at sea During operations at sea, fishing boats in a formation out to sea must maintain regular contact with each other, listen to weather forecasts regularly, and take effective safety measures such as wind protection and anti-freezing before severe weather arrives.
For the crew, the following points are required: First, the crew should wear life jackets and safety helmets when working on the deck, and are not allowed to wear slippers; second, they are not allowed to stand under the boom or without safety Standing or staying on the side of the ship with protective equipment; third, it is strictly prohibited to engage in any production other than what is specified in the fishing license or foreign fishing license; fifth, it is prohibited to catch aquatic wild animals that are protected by the country or internationally. If caught accidentally, they should be released immediately; Sixth, crew members should prevent poisoning by toxic substances caused by fish spoilage when entering the fish hold. Seventh, when lowering the net, the net machine operator should wear safety protection equipment and clean the cuffs, cuffs, etc. of the work clothes safely to prevent being brought into the water by the net or steel wire rope (rope) during the net lowering operation. Strictly follow these instructions. Operate according to the regulations to avoid being injured by the net machine.
7 points to pay attention to when lifting the net: First, keep the net package at a safe weight, and do not lift it by force to prevent the wire rope (rope) from breaking and injuring people and causing the ship to tilt at a large angle; second, During the process of hoisting the net, the distance and angle between the net and the stern or side of the ship should be maintained at all times in the water to prevent the distance and angle between the net and the stern or side of the ship, and prevent the accident of the net being entangled with the propeller; third, in strong winds and waves When raising the net, the winch speed of the net machine should be appropriately slowed down to prevent the rope from breaking due to the impact of wind and waves; fourth, the fish and net gear should be loaded correctly to maintain the stability of the ship. 8 Points to note: How to deal with strong winds and waves when working at sea. Before the stormy weather comes: First, you should listen to the weather forecast in time, pay attention to changes in wind conditions, and return to the harbor in time to take shelter.
If for some reason it is too late to take shelter from the wind, you should make the following preparations. One is to keep the ship watertight.
All watertight doors, portholes, hatches, vents, skylights, water outlets and anchor chain tubes should be reinforced or covered as soon as possible to maintain watertightness; second, ensure smooth drainage. All drainage machinery, pipelines, valves and deck drainage doors should be in good condition; third, all moving objects, such as nets, trolleys, anchors, etc., should be fixed.
Adjust all objects inside and outside the cabin, such as booms, ice, catches, oil, water, etc., to lower the center of gravity of the ship and improve stability; fourth, check the rudder device and anchor equipment to ensure that they are in Good condition; fifth, the engine room should ensure that the main engine is in good condition. If unfortunately you encounter strong wind and waves at sea, you should immediately report the situation to the shore station, take measures such as mobile anchoring or drifting, maintain a safe speed, and slow down to resist the wind and waves.
Remember, when sailing in strong winds and waves, do not turn around easily to avoid cross waves. 9 Things to watch: What should you do if a fishing boat catches fire? Don’t panic at this time. Slow down and adjust the direction first so that the fire site is downwind. Command personnel to evacuate the scene quickly and close all access to the fire. Remove combustible materials near the fire and cool the bulkheads and decks around the fire with water. According to Depending on the fire source, the type of fire extinguishing equipment should be selected; after the fire is extinguished, the scene should be carefully cleaned, the remaining fires must be completely extinguished, and re-ignition should be prevented; if the crew's clothes catch fire, they should quickly take off the burning clothes, or roll on the spot to put out the fire, or Jump into the nearest source of water to put out the fire.
5. Ask for some sea survival skills
Catch fish. Making your own fishing hooks and fishing lines can catch enough fish for you to eat.
You can use shoelaces, parachute slings, or thread from clothing to make fishing line. Small fish will gather in the shadows of the raft underwater and can be fished for and used as bait to catch larger fish.
Make a fishing net to catch fish, crabs, shrimps, etc. At night, some fish, especially flying fish, will jump onto the raft and become your ready meal.
You can also shine a flashlight on the water to attract fish. Using a mirror to reflect moonlight onto the water will also attract fish.
Bird hunting Birds are sometimes attracted to life rafts and use them as a place to perch. If a bird lands on a life raft, wait until its wings are fully folded before grabbing it.
Or you can use a baited hook to catch the birds. Picking up grass In seawater far away from the coast, seaweed is sometimes found floating on the water.
Seaweed is rich in minerals, but if your stomach is not used to seaweed, it may cause severe diarrhea. Only eat small amounts of seaweed at a time.
Collecting water You can use tarps to collect rainwater. If there is salt frost formed by seawater crystals on the tarpaulin, it should be washed in seawater so that there will not be too much salt on the tarpaulin that harms your health.
At night, tie the tarpaulin into a parasol shape with the edges facing up to collect dew. When it rains, collect and drink as much rainwater as you can.
If water is in short supply, use it economically and efficiently. Dehydration is caused by vomiting, diarrhea, reduced water intake, sweating, drinking alcoholic beverages, bleeding, urinating, or drinking sea water.
Drink water regularly and regularly to conserve your energy. Sunburn is one of the most serious injuries in sea survival.