What effect does water have on the climate?

1, climate

Water can regulate the climate. Water vapor in the atmosphere can absorb 60% of the ground radiation, and then return to the ground in the form of atmospheric inverse radiation, thus playing a role in heat preservation of the ground. The specific heat capacity of water is very large, and the ocean and land water bodies can absorb and accumulate heat in summer, so the temperature will not be too high; Heat can be released slowly in winter, so that the temperature will not be too low.

Precipitation activities such as rain and snow have an important influence on climate formation. Water on the surface of the ocean and the earth evaporates into the sky to form clouds. The water in the cloud falls into the rain through precipitation and becomes snow below zero. Due to different conditions, water will appear in the form of hail, fog, dew and frost, which will affect the climate and human activities.

2. Topography

0% of the earth's surface is covered with water. Seen from the sky, the earth is a blue planet. Water erodes rocks and soil, scours and silts rivers, takes away sediments, forms plains and changes the surface morphology.

3. For living things

There is a theory that life on earth first appeared in water. Water is an important part of all living things. Water in the human body accounts for 70%; Jellyfish is 98% water. A large number of aquatic plants and other aquatic organisms live in the water.

Water is beneficial to some biochemical reactions, such as animal digestion and plant photosynthesis. It also plays a role in transporting substances in organisms. For example, most of the plasma in blood is water, which contributes to the transport of nutrients and oxygen in the body. Because water can reduce the temperature through evaporation, it plays an important role in maintaining the stability of biological temperature, such as sweat of animals and transpiration of plants.

The hydrogen bond of water makes water have excellent heat absorption ability. Most of the absorbed heat is used by water to break the hydrogen bond, so it will not increase the temperature of the liquid. At 25℃, the specific heat capacity of water is about 4200 J kg-1k-1,which is generally higher than other liquids. Because of this characteristic, creatures living in water can be protected by water and will not be fatal because of the rapid change of temperature in the air.

4. To human society

Water is an important resource of human life. 2~3 liters of water should be ingested every day to provide people with water for daily life and industrial and agricultural production, especially agriculture needs a lot of water for irrigation. The origin of human civilization is mostly in the big river basin, and the early cities are generally built by the water to solve the problems of irrigation, drinking water and sewage. In human daily life, water plays an indispensable role in all aspects of human beings.

With the development of science and technology, people build water conservancy projects to fight against natural disasters such as floods and waterlogging. Therefore, some special research fields related to water have been formed, such as hydraulics, hydrological science, water treatment and so on. , and even has produced water-based industrial aquaculture.

Extended data:

Distribution on the earth

The surface water of the earth constitutes the hydrosphere, including oceans, rivers, lakes, swamps, glaciers, snow, groundwater and water in the atmosphere. Because the water injected into the ocean contains a certain amount of salt, and it accumulates and evaporates all the year round, the sea and ocean water are salty and cannot be directly drunk.

The water in some lakes is also salty. The largest body of water in the world is the Pacific Ocean. The Great Lakes of North America are the largest fresh water system. The Caspian Sea on Eurasia is the largest saltwater lake.

The volume of water on the earth is about 1, 360,000,000 cubic kilometers. These include:

1, ocean accounts for 1, 320,000,000 cubic kilometers (i.e. 97.1%);

2. Glaciers and ice sheets account for 25 million cubic kilometers (i.e.1.8%);

3. Groundwater accounts for13 million cubic kilometers (i.e.1.0%);

4. Freshwater in rivers, lakes and inland seas accounts for 250,000 cubic kilometers (i.e. 0.005438+08%);

5. The water vapor in the atmosphere accounts for 65,438+03,000 cubic kilometers (i.e. 0.00065,438+0%) at any given time.