The climate of western Europe

The temperate maritime climate zone in western Europe includes the British Isles, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France and other countries and the western part of Central Europe, as well as southern Scandinavia and the Iberian Peninsula in the Bay of Biscay coastal areas. The air pressure here throughout the year is high in the south and low in the north, with westerly winds and a strong influence from the Atlantic air mass. Mild winters, cool summers, small annual temperature ranges, more rainy days and less sunshine are the characteristics of this region's climate. The average temperature in this area in January is above 0℃. Rivers generally do not freeze. There is not much snowfall, there is generally no snow in the west, and the snow cover in the east rarely lasts longer than a week. However, when the Mongolian high pressure is strong and the polar continental air mass from the east invades, it often leads to catastrophic cold weather. The temperature in summer is generally not high. The average temperature in July in the British Isles is 12-17°C, and in the mainland part it is 15-22°C. The temperature is lower in the north and higher in the south. Western Europe has frequent cyclone activity and heavy rainfall. The annual rainfall in the western part of the British Isles is more than 1000mm, and the annual rainfall along the western coast of Scotland can reach 2000mm or more. In other areas, it is mostly 600-1000mm. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively even, with slightly more precipitation in autumn and winter in the west and slightly more in summer in the east. For example, Dublin accounts for 26% in autumn and winter, and 24% in spring and summer; Cologne accounts for 31% in summer, 25% in autumn, 23% in winter, and 21% in spring.

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