Definition and classification of culverts

Culverts refer to drainage holes (water passages) built under the roadbed and below the road surface in order to allow the highway to pass through water channels smoothly without hindering traffic during highway engineering construction. This structure can allow water to pass through. Flows under the road. It is used to discharge flood water across natural valleys and depressions, or as an overpass for people, livestock and vehicles across large and small roads, or as a water channel for farmland irrigation.

A culvert mainly consists of a cave body, foundation, end and wing walls. Culverts are based on the principle of connectors and are commonly built with materials such as bricks, stones, concrete and reinforced concrete. Generally, the aperture is small, and the shapes are tube-shaped, box-shaped, arched, etc.

Represents the aperture size of the culvert: (no matter how many × how many meters × the numerical values ​​represented before and after are the same) 3m An example is: 3 (culvert clearance width) * 3 (culvert clearance height); single hole span <5m, multi-hole span <8m is a culvert.

Extended information:

Classification:

1 Culverts can be divided into brick culverts, stone culverts, concrete culverts and reinforced concrete culverts according to construction materials.

2 According to the cross-sectional form of the culvert, it can be divided into pipe culvert, plate culvert, box culvert and arch culvert.

3 According to the filling condition of the culvert top, it can be divided into open culvert - no filling soil on the top of the culvert and hidden culvert - the filling soil on the top of the culvert is more than 50cm.

4 Culverts are divided into non-pressure culverts, semi-pressure culverts and pressure culverts according to hydraulic performance.

5 Culverts can be divided into arch culverts, box culverts, round culverts, etc. according to their structures.

6 When selecting the above culvert types, consider the size of the clearance section, the condition of the foundation, construction conditions and project cost, etc.

7 The part of the culvert structure that can directly affect the discharge capacity of the culvert and ensure the safety of the cave body is the entrance building.

Bridges and culverts are technically divided based on span. Generally, anything above 5 meters (exclusive) is called a bridge, and anything below 5 meters is called a culvert. But round pipe culverts and box culverts are called culverts regardless of their hole diameter or span?

But in fact, the main difference between culverts and bridges is that generally culverts are filled with soil, while tracks are laid directly on bridges (but there is still ballast). Viewed from the side, a culvert looks like a hole dug in the roadbed, which is disconnected at the bridge.

Based on the above explanation, it can be seen that distinguishing according to whether it is filled with soil is just a common and informal way of distinguishing. Technically, it should be determined by length.

Since culverts are under the action of natural environment (wind, frost, rain, snow, ice, high temperature, water impact) and traffic loads, culverts must have the following characteristics:

< p> (1) Meet the flood discharge capacity and ensure smooth and rapid flood discharge in the event of a flood occurring once in 50 years.

(2) It has sufficient overall strength and stability to ensure that the components will not produce displacement and deformation under the action of the design load.

(3) It has high reliability and durability, ensuring that it will remain intact for a long time and will not be damaged in the natural environment.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Culvert