Friends in Ganzhou, Jiangxi
Ganzhou City is the largest administrative region in Jiangxi Province, which now governs zhanggong district, Nankang, Ruijin and Ganxian, Xingguo, Du Yu, Ningdu, Shicheng, Huichang, Xunwu, Anyuan, Dingnan, Longnan, Quannan, Xinfeng, Dayu, Chongyi, Shangyou 15 counties, with a land area of 39,400 square kilometers.
The city is located at the junction of Nanling, Wuyishan and Zhuguangshan, with high terrain around and low in the middle. The landform is dominated by hills and mountains, accounting for 83% of the city's land area.
The city is located between Dongjing113 ゜ 54'-16 ゜ 38' and 24 ゜ 29'-27 ゜ 09' north latitude. The city is rich in agricultural natural resources, especially the natural conditions for citrus production, which mainly focus on the development of citrus and grapefruit. It is considered by the comprehensive investigation team of southern mountainous areas of China Academy of Sciences to be extremely generous in the whole country, and Gannan is suitable for building a national citrus commodity production base. This city is an agricultural area and a major cash crop producing area in Jiangxi Province. National key forest areas and sugar, tobacco and orange production bases in the province have been built. Relevant state departments have named Xinfeng County as the hometown of navel orange, Nankang City as the hometown of honey pomelo in China, Anyuan County as the hometown of honey pomelo in Jiulong, China, Xunwu County as the hometown of orange in China and Dayu County as the hometown of Daphne in China. Shicheng County is the hometown of An Baili, China, Chongyi County is the hometown of Phyllostachys pubescens in China, Ganxian County is the hometown of salted ducks in China, and Huichang County is the hometown of China meat rabbits.
The city's mineral resources are mainly non-ferrous and rare metal mines, and it is known as "the tungsten capital of the world" and "rare metals are not rare". The proven reserves of tungsten rank first in the world. The proven reserves of rare earths rank second in China. Known as the "five golden flowers" of mineral resources in Jiangxi Province, namely tungsten, copper, uranium, rare earth, tantalum and niobium, the other four main branches are in southern Jiangxi. After mining and construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ganzhou has become one of the national key palladium metal bases.
The famous natural landscapes in the city mainly include Sanbai Mountain in Anyuan, Jiulian Mountain in longnan county and Meiguan Ancient Post Road in Dayu County. As the source of Dongjiang, Sanbai is the birthplace of drinking water for Hong Kong compatriots. Now it is listed as a national forest park and has become a tourist attraction for Hong Kong compatriots to travel to Chinese mainland. Jiulian Mountain, the best preserved part of the natural ecosystem in the middle subtropical zone of China, has a large number of living fossils of wild animals and plants and is listed as a key nature reserve in Jiangxi Province. Meiguan Post Road, which was built in Qin and Tang Dynasties, was the main road to connect the north and the south in ancient China. In addition, there are Cuiwei Peak in Ningdu, Wudang Mountain in Longnan, Doushui Lake in Shangyou and Niedu Cave in Chongyi, which have beautiful scenery and development value.
Zhanggong district, where Ganzhou Municipal Government is located, is a famous national historical and cultural city, which has concentrated many cultural attractions in the Ning Dynasty, mainly including the well-preserved Song City Wall, the majestic Eight Scenic Terraces, the quiet Yugu Terrace, the complete and spectacular Confucian Temple and the art treasure house Tongtianyan. There are 17 national cultural relics protection units and 48 provincial cultural relics protection units in the city, which have preserved a large number of historical sites.
Ganzhou is one of the famous revolutionary old areas in China, the central revolutionary base during the Second Revolutionary Civil War and the seat of the Chinese Soviet Provisional Government. Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation once engaged in great revolutionary practice in Ganzhou. The world-famous Long March of 25,000 Li started from Ganzhou. Therefore, the city retains many revolutionary historical sites and has 203 county-level revolutionary cultural relics protection units. There are five sites 15 cultural relics units centered on Ruijin, the "red old capital" where the government of the Central Soviet Area is located, belonging to a unique modern revolutionary historical site community in the whole province and even the whole country. 1955 When the rank was awarded, there were only 54 generals in Xing, so Xingguo County was called General County.
Gannan administrative region has a long history and is "more civilized than Tang Yu". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to Chu, Wu and Yue, and then to Chu. After the Qin Dynasty merged with the six countries, in the twenty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang (22 1), the world was divided into thirty-six counties, and Gannan belonged to Jiujiang County. In thirty-three years (2 14), Qin Fajun's 505,000 troops fought Wuling, making Wei Tu and Sui Jiang's five armies. One of them, defending the border of Yuling, set up Nancha County and transferred to Jiujiang County, which was the beginning of the establishment of Gannan regime.
In the first year of Emperor Gaozu (206 BC), the southern branch belonged to Chu. Six years ago (20 1), it was located in Zhang Yu County and transferred to Nanzhao County. At the same time, Jiangxi (about zhanggong district, Ganxian, Xingguo and other places, building a city in Yijiangxi) and Du Yu (about Du Yu, Ningdu, Shicheng, Ruijin, Huichang, Anyuan, Xunwu and other places, building a city in the official camp, so it is known as the "mother of six counties"). It belongs to Zhang Yu County with Nancha County (about Nankang, Dayu, Shangyou, Chongyi, Xinfeng, Longnan, Dingnan and Quannan). In the first year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25), Nanzhi was changed to Ye Nan.
In the five years of Wu Jiahe in the Three Kingdoms (236), it was analyzed that Luling County was located in the south, which was placed under Yangzhou and ruled in the capital. Leading to Jiangxi viceroy, Pingyang (separated from Ganxian, now Xingguo), Yang Du and Jieyang (analyzing the establishment of Yang Du in Bailuying, the viceroy; Some analysts believe that Beiyang County, the capital of Yang Du, was later changed to Jieyang), Nan 'an (separated from Ye Nan, which governs Nankang, Xinfeng, Longnan, Dingnan and Quannan) and Ye Nan (which governs Dayu, Shangyou and Chongyi) are the beginning of the establishment of municipal administrative institutions in Gannan.
In the first year of Jin Taikang (280), Nan 'an was changed to Nankang, Yang Du to Ningdu and Pingyang to Pinggu. In the third year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (283), the surname Lu Lingnan was abolished, and Nankang County was established, leading six counties. In the 5th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (349), the county government moved from Du Yu to Ganxian (now zhanggong district).
In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (589), Nankang County was changed to Ganzhou and Lihong Prefecture. Pinggu was merged into Ganxian, Ye Nan into Nankang and Hua Qian into Ningdu. In the 13th year (593), Shichengchang was established in Beiyang County and merged into Ningdu. Ganzhou leads 4 counties: Jiangxi, Du Yu, Nankang and Ningdu.
In the first year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (627), the world was divided into ten roads, and Qianzhou was placed under Jiangnan Road, still in charge of the county. In the first year of Yongchun (682), Nankang was divided into Nan 'an County (about Xinfeng, Longnan, Dingnan and Quannan) in the southeast, and Ganzhou led Gansu, Nankang, Nan 'an and Five Counties. In the first year of Shenlong (705), Dayu County was restored, and Ganzhou led Gansu, Nankang, Nan 'an, Dayu and 6 counties. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Nan 'an was renamed Xinfeng County, and the original Nan 'an land was divided into Baizhang Spring, and later changed to Qiannan Town. In the fourth year of Zhenyuan (788), it was divided into Du Sanxiang and Xinfeng Yili, and Anyuan County was restored. Ganzhou leads seven counties: Jiangxi, Du Yu, Xinfeng, Nankang, Dayu, Hua Qian and Anyuan. In the first year of God Blessing (904), Hu Xiang Town broke away from Yudu County and set up Ruijin Prison.
In the first year of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (9 1 1), the land in Nankang County was analyzed. In the tenth year of Baoda University (952), Shangyou County was changed to Shangyou County, and Ruijin County was changed to Ruijin County in the following year. Qiannan County was longnan county and Shicheng County was Shicheng County. So far, Ganzhouling 1 1 county: Gan, Xin Feng, Nankang, Dayu, Anyuan, Shangyou, Ruijin, Longnan and Shicheng.
In the seventh year of Song Taiping Xingguo (982), 7 townships in Lianjiang Town and part of Luling Taihe were transferred from Gan County to Xingguo County, and 6 townships in Southeast County were transferred from Yudu County to Huichang County. Ganzhouling 13 counties: Gan, Xinfeng, Nankang, Dayu, Anyuan, Shangyou, Ruijin, Longnan, Shicheng, Xingguo and Huichang. In the first year of Chunhua (990), Qianzhou originally governed Nankang, Dayu and Shangyou counties, and another Nan 'an army was set up to rule Dayu. Qianzhouling 10 counties Jiangxi, Du Yu, Xinfeng, Xingguo, Hua Qian, Huichang, Ruijin, Longnan, Anyuan and Shicheng all transferred to Jiangnan West Road. Gannan began to set up two administrative regions.
In the 12th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (15 17), some districts were set aside from Shangyou, Nankang and Dayu counties, which were subordinate to Nan 'an Prefecture. So far, Nan 'an Prefecture has led four counties: Dayu, Nankang, Shangyou and Chongyi.
In the 19th year of Qing Qianlong (1754), Ningdu County was promoted to Ningdu Zhili Prefecture, which was the beginning of the establishment of Ganzhou Prefecture, Nan 'an Prefecture and Ningdu Zhili Prefecture in southern Jiangxi.
In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the government (state) was abandoned, and the county was set up as Zhili province. In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), there were four roads in Jiangxi: Xunyang, Zhang Yu, Luling and Gannan. Gannan Road governs Ganxian County and leads to 17 counties: Gan, Xinfeng, Xingguo, Huichang, Anyuan, Changning, Longnan, Quannan, Dingnan, Ningdu, Ruijin, Shicheng, Nankang, Dayu, Shangyou and Chongyi. The three administrative regions of southern Jiangxi are combined into one. In 2 1 (1932), the whole province was divided into 13 administrative regions, and the counties in southern Jiangxi belonged to the ninth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth administrative regions. Xingguo county belongs to the ninth administrative region. The 11th Administrative Region (later renamed Gannan Chief Executive's Office) is located in Ganzhou, which governs six counties: Jiangxi, Nankang, Xinfeng, Shangyou, Chongyi and Dayu. The twelfth administrative region has Ningdu, which governs Ningdu, Guangchang, Shicheng, Ruijin, Du Yu and Huichang counties. The thirteenth administrative region is located in Longnan, which governs five counties: Longnan, Dingnan, Quannan, Anyuan and Xunwu. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the whole province was divided into eight administrative regions, and the counties in southern Jiangxi belonged to the fourth and eighth administrative regions of Jiangxi Province. The fourth administrative region is Ganzhou, which governs Ganxian, Nankang, Xinfeng, Dayu, Shangyou, Chongyi, Longnan, Dingnan, Quannan, Anyuan and Xunwu 1 1 counties. The Eighth Administrative Region governs Ningdu, Guangchang, Shicheng, Ruijin, Huichang, Du Yu and Xingguo counties.
During the Soviet period (1928~ 1934), Soviet governments were established in various parts of southern Jiangxi, which were subordinate to the Soviet governments of Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces respectively.
1949 The Ganzhou District Administrative Inspector Office was established in July, leading Ganzhou (Ganzhou Town was established in August), Ganxian, Nankang, Dayu, Shangyou, Chongyi, Xinfeng, Longnan, Dingnan, Quannan, Anyuan, Ningdu, Du Yu, Xingguo, Ruijin, Huichang, Shicheng and Xunwu. 1September, 949, Ningdu (Ruijin) District Administrative Supervision Office was established, which was divided into eight counties: Ningdu, Du Yu, Xingguo, Ruijin, Huichang, Shicheng, Xunwu and Guangchang, and Gannan was divided into two administrative regions. 1September, 949, southwest Jiangxi administrative office was established to administer Ganzhou and Ningdu. 1949, 1 1 In June, Ganzhou District was merged into the Southwest Jiangxi Administrative Office. 195 1 June, the administrative office of southwest Jiangxi was abolished, and the counties in southern Jiangxi still belonged to Ganzhou and Ningdu. 1August, 952, Ningdu District was abolished, Gannan was merged into one again, and Guangchang was placed under Fuzhou District, leading to 18 counties and cities. 1954 In May, Gannan Administrative Office was established, and Ganzhou District Commissioner's Office was abolished and incorporated into Guangchang, resulting in 19 counties (cities). 1in may, 964, Gannan administrative region was abolished and Ganzhou special zone was established; June 1978 was renamed Ganzhou area, and June 1983 Guangchang was assigned to Fuzhou area. 1July, 1999, Ganzhou was abolished and Ganzhou City was established, resulting in 18 counties (cities, districts).
In 2004, Ganzhou administered 1 district, 2 cities, 15 county, 138 town, 145 township and 8 sub-district offices. There are also five administrative regions, 10 forest farm.
Ganzhou city is located in the southern edge of the middle subtropical zone and belongs to the humid monsoon climate zone in the subtropical hilly and mountainous areas. It has the climatic characteristics of prevailing winter and summer monsoon, concentrated precipitation in spring and summer, distinct four seasons, mild climate, abundant heat, abundant rainfall, short cold and hot time and long frost-free period.
In 2004 (1~ 65438+February), the temperature in the city was normal, with less precipitation and more sunshine. Climatic characteristics of each season: snow and ice appeared in winter last year, and it was "cold in spring", with less high temperature in summer and long drought in winter and autumn. Comprehensive evaluation of climate is a "normal" year.
General situation and characteristics of climate
Climate profile: The annual average total precipitation of the whole city is 12 19.0mm, which is 382.3mm less than that of the same period in previous years, which is once every few years. Among them, Ningdu 1570.9 mm is the most, and Du Yu 942.9 mm is the least. The annual average temperature in the city is 19.3℃, which is 0.5℃ higher than that in previous years. The extreme maximum temperature is 39.2℃, which is now in zhanggong district and Huichang on August 9th, and now in Chongyi on August 10. The lowest extreme temperature, Shicheng -3.8℃, appeared at 65438+1October 22nd. The average annual sunshine hours in the city are 1909. 1 hour, which is 252.9 hours more than the same period of last year, belonging to many years. Among them, Shicheng has the most 2230.9 hours, and Chongyi 1559.4 hours is the least.
The first quarter (1~ March): the average temperature 1 1.2℃ (0.7℃ higher), the average precipitation of 257.4 mm (less 106.2 mm), and the average sunshine hours of 302.5 hours (68.6 hours more) Affected by the strong cold air in the north, from March 22 to 27, there was a severe "vernal equinox" weather in our city, which was unfavorable for sowing spring crops such as early rice. In March, the average precipitation of the whole city was 127.5mm, which was 58.8 mm less than the same period of last year (3.2% at most, belonging to teenagers). The precipitation in the middle and late March was obviously higher than that in the previous period, which obviously alleviated the persistent drought.
In the second quarter (April to June), the average temperature was 23.7℃ (0.8℃ higher), the average precipitation was 572.8 mm (less 1 17.3 mm), and the average sunshine hours were 459.5 hours (more 109.9 hours).
In the third quarter (July-September), the average temperature was 26.9℃ (the historical average), the average precipitation was 33 1.7 mm (63.3 mm less), and the average sunshine hours were 592.4 hours (23.6 hours less).
The fourth quarter (10 ~ 65438+February): the average temperature 15.4℃ (0.4℃ higher), the average precipitation of 58.2 mm (94.4 mm less) and the average sunshine hours of 554.7 hours (too much 108.0 hours).
Main weather, climate and disasters
There were 55 stations of rainstorm (including 3 stations of rainstorm), 35 stations of heavy precipitation, 20 stations of thunderstorm and gale, 3 stations of hail and 4/kloc-0 snowfall per station.
Snowfall: From February 6 to 8, there was light to moderate sleet in some counties and cities in the city, and the depth of snow in Ganzhou, Xingguo and Shicheng reached 3.0 cm. 12 From February 28th to 30th, there was light to moderate sleet in the whole city, which had a certain impact on telecommunications, power supply, highway traffic, fruit industry and people's life.
Hail: On April 23, affected by the high-altitude trough and the middle-low shear line, Shangyou, Nankang, Ganxian, Yudu and Ganzhou were hit by strong winds and hail, causing serious economic losses.
Rainstorm: On May 16, due to the influence of the high-altitude trough and the middle-low shear line, Anyuan and Huichang counties experienced heavy rains, and some towns suffered floods, resulting in obvious economic losses.
From July 6th to 8th, due to the influence of high-altitude trough and low-level shear line, heavy rain fell in the north-central and southeast of our city, and heavy rain occurred in Shicheng, Xingguo and Ganzhou. Due to the relatively concentrated precipitation, mountain torrents and landslides have been caused, resulting in serious disasters in 13 counties (cities, districts) such as Shicheng, Anyuan, Xingguo, Ruijin and Ganxian.
Drought: From September 22nd to1October 8th 165438, most counties and cities in the city basically had no rain for 48 consecutive days, and there was an obvious autumn drought, which had a certain impact on industrial and agricultural production and people's lives. Persistent drought has caused serious water shortage in citrus and navel oranges, which is not conducive to the maturity and sugar accumulation of late-maturing citrus and navel oranges.
nation
There are 283 townships (towns) and 3474 villages in the city, among which the Han population is 8,385,300, accounting for 99. 17% of the total population. There are 4 1 person of scattered ethnic minorities, with a population of 71.2000 (including migrants), and they are distributed in 19 counties (cities, districts) (including Ganzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone), 204 townships (towns) and 486 villages, with the She nationality as the main population, and the Hui nationality concentrated in zhanggong district and Yao nationality. Ethnic minorities include She, Hui, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uygur, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Manchu, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Kazak, Dai, Li, Yi, Gaoshan, Wa and Lahu.
Ganzhou City is located in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River, and rainstorm and flood are the main natural disasters. April-September is the flood season, and May-June is the flood-prone period. In recent 15 years, early floods and autumn floods have occurred from time to time. In 2004, * * there were 7 floods exceeding the warning line, but the water level was not high, which was a general flood year.
The average rainfall of the whole city from June to September is 1 17 1mm, which is less than the average of 1409mm 1.7%. Precipitation is mainly concentrated in the north (Ningdu Tuanjie Reservoir 147 1mm is the largest), in the east (represented by Huichang Mazhou Station 1373mm), in the south (represented by Quannanjing Station 13 1mm), and less in the middle. The temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation is relatively balanced, and there is no serious drought in the growth period of early and late rice. After 10, the drought was severe.
Runoff recharge of rivers is mainly precipitation, which belongs to rainwater recharge type. In 2004, the runoff1.81.800 million cubic meters was unevenly distributed. During the flood season (April-September), the runoff was 65.438+04.59 billion cubic meters, accounting for 80.3% of the annual runoff. The non-flood season runoff is 3.59 billion cubic meters, accounting for only 19.7% of the annual runoff.
The whole region is rich in water resources, with an average of 33.65 billion cubic meters for many years, and the per capita water resources are about 4,000 cubic meters, exceeding the per capita water resources of the whole province and the whole country. In 2004, the city's water resources were1810.80 billion cubic meters, a decrease of 7.87 billion cubic meters over the previous year. The total water consumption is 3.29 billion cubic meters, of which agricultural irrigation is 24 1 100 million cubic meters, accounting for 73.2% of the water consumption; The industrial water consumption is 40 1 100 million cubic meters, accounting for12.2% of the occupied water; The domestic water consumption is 308 million cubic meters, accounting for 9.4% of the water consumption; The water consumption of forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, towns and ecological environment accounts for 5.2%.