Automatic control system of water conservancy facilities
hydroelectric power plant
The projects that need automation include dam monitoring, reservoir dispatching and power station operation.
1, dam computer automatic monitoring system: including data acquisition, calculation and analysis, over-limit alarm, providing maintenance scheme, etc.
2. Automatic monitoring system of reservoir hydrological information: including automatic collection of rainfall and hydrological information, formulation of reservoir dispatching plan and selection of flood control scheme.
3. In-plant computer automatic monitoring system: including safety monitoring of electromechanical operation equipment, automatic control of generator set, optimized operation, economic load distribution and stable monitoring.
delivery system
Including real-time monitoring of regional dispatching, substation automation and load control. The real-time monitoring system for regional dispatching is usually composed of small computers or microcomputers, and its function is similar to that of the central dispatching monitoring system, but it is slightly simpler. The development direction of substation automation is unattended, and its telecontrol device adopts microcomputer programmable mode. The load control of power supply system often adopts power frequency or audio frequency control mode.
Reservoir management
Reservoir management system is the core part of modern reservoirs and an important part of reservoir benefits. The operation of reservoir gates during flood is based on not causing downstream disasters. In order to ensure the correct information flow, it is necessary to master and monitor the inflow and engineering situation, infer the operation of the reservoir according to the actual situation, and find out the corresponding countermeasures. For reservoir groups, the situation of all reservoirs and each reservoir should be considered.
First of all, when the water level is low, the storage and discharge flow must be determined separately. According to the operation judgment, discharge is carried out and operation procedures are formulated. Therefore, information such as rainfall, reservoir inflow, water storage and water discharge are collected for comprehensive analysis. For the analysis of incoming water, if there is a flood, the incoming water should be predicted according to the upstream rainfall, river water level and flood arrival time, and the operation system and countermeasures of water level decline should be determined according to the predicted incoming water and storage capacity. There are many kinds of results when forecasting is released, and skilled managers can screen more accurate results. Second, determine the storage and discharge plan. First of all, the control station is equipped with observation equipment to quickly collect rainfall and flow, and the information processing workstation of the comprehensive control station can complete the functions of assisting chief technicians such as incoming water forecast, flood retrieval and operation simulation of each reservoir. With the incoming water forecast function, the runoff of the upstream can be predicted for up to 6 hours according to the collected rainfall, predicted rainfall and flow. By using the flood inversion function, the flood with similar rainfall conditions can be inverted and the flood scale can be predicted by using the flood and rainfall characteristic data collected in the past. When a flood occurs, we should make decisions and dispatch plans in a short time by using the criteria of hydraulics, hydrological data, rules and experience. Therefore, the reservoir management system is introduced to quickly sort out and calculate various elements. The reservoir management automation system applies the skills of experienced workers through expert systems.
Specifically, improve the management level. One of the conditions that determine the decision-making policy is the existence of flood, which is judged by credibility. The credibility is defined by the credibility of flood formation, runoff production and countermeasures. When inferring with the usual rules, the values between-1.0 and 1.0 are divided into five parts, multiplied and then averaged to identify the competition system. The fuzzy theory is used to predict the flow. When forecasting the inflow of Shengban Reservoir, the measured flow is estimated by linear equation, and the rainfall is predicted by detention function method. According to the variable prediction of measured water inflow, the average fuzzy theory calculated by the above three methods is used to predict water inflow. The min-max method is used for reasoning, and the center of gravity method is used for numerical calculation of conclusions. Finally, determine the storage period and emissions. At the initial stage of flood, it is difficult to correctly grasp the arrival time of a certain flow of flood. According to the similar situation that happened before, the reservoir management supervisor and technician make plans from the perspective of ensuring safety. Based on these judgments, the predicted inflow and inflow three hours ago plus the inflow are obtained from the inflow, so as to determine the flow. When the typhoon rains, if the wind circle is only in one reservoir basin, the flood flow may come immediately. In the past, the safety forecast was based on the forecast range of typhoon approaching, taking the dangerous area as a reference, and making an additional release plan. Reservoir automation is an area to be further studied. With the rapid development of some automatic control theories such as fuzzy control, it is believed that reservoir automation is not only the above-mentioned automation, but also its concept will be more extensive, and some control ideas will be applied to better solve the reservoir control problems.