Yongchun Mountain: A Famous Historical and Cultural Town in China
? Shanshan, which was selected into the seventh batch of Chinese historical and cultural towns, is located in the south of Yongchun County, Fujian Province. As a relatively complete thousand-year-old ancient town in southern Fujian, it maintains the nostalgia of southern Fujian, continues the history of southern Fujian, and promotes southern Fujian culture. important carrier. Protecting the ancient towns and villages that carry local memory and history, so that the cultural cells carrying nostalgia can continue to be preserved and inherited, and rejuvenated, is of great importance to the protection, inheritance, research and development of southern Fujian culture, and the construction of southern Fujian cultural and ecological protection zones. value and meaning.
Traditional ancient villages are an important part of the essence of traditional Chinese architecture. Their profound cultural accumulation, rich historical information, and far-reaching cultural landscapes truly reflect the imprint and development of rural economy in the era of farming civilization. A social life full of human touch. There are four traditional Chinese villages in Lushan Town, namely: Maoxia Village, Tangxi Village, Pushang Village and Puxia Village. There are 4 traditional Chinese villages in one town and it is the only township in Fujian Province. In 2014, Maoxia Village was identified as one of the “10 Historical and Cultural Villages with Key Support” by the Fujian Provincial Government; in 2015, Maoxia Village was rated as a provincial rural tourism characteristic village by the Fujian Provincial Tourism Bureau and the Provincial Department of Finance. The second batch of "Fujian and Taiwan Rural Tourism Experimental Bases" was selected as "Top Ten Beautiful Villages in Fujian"; Beixi Village was selected as "China's Most Charming Leisure Village" by the Ministry of Agriculture, and Beixi Wenyuan was rated as a provincial four-star Rural tourism business unit, AAA scenic spot.
Four traditional villages are gathered in a 7-square-kilometer basin in the town. Among them are more than 1,800 ancient lychee trees that are more than 100 years old and the oldest is 500 years old, presenting a "village in the garden" , the unique style of "town in the forest". Although some damage has been suffered in the process of modernization, the intertwined and interdependent spatial structure of ancient houses, ancient trees, ancient temples, rice fields, and streams that have been preserved for thousands of years is still preserved on a large scale. The traditional manual farming lifestyle of rice transplanting, sowing, harvesting and threshing constitutes a complete traditional southern Fujian rural pastoral cultural ecosystem. This is a treasure of the living inheritance of southern Fujian culture and a gathering place for the protection of traditional ancient villages in southern Fujian.
Living fossils of southern Fujian traditional architecture: With thousands of years of history, more than 350 traditional southern Fujian houses from the Ming Dynasty to modern times are still preserved in Ashan Town. It also includes a Fuxingtang residential building, which is a provincial cultural relic protection unit and can be called "the swan song of southern Fujian's traditional construction craftsmanship". The main body of these houses retains the traditional Chinese architectural wood and stone frames, and has been improved according to the unique local building materials and climatic conditions, forming "red bricks, gray tiles, white stone foundations, swallow-tail ridges" and "three-drop, five-bay and two-protected houses" unique architectural style.
Most of the traditional houses here use whole logs as components, clay-fired red bricks and gray tiles as external components, and large white stones as foundations. They have good moisture-proof, drainage, solid and wear-resistant properties. It has excellent performance, adapts to the local humid and rainy climate, and is a perfect architectural interpretation of the harmony between man and nature.
The traditional residential houses in Lushan retain the architectural layout of "backing up to the mountains, facing the fields, and planting trees around the water" throughout the ages. The design of the patio, drainage, Feng Shui pond, and roof ridge orientation inside the building are consistent with the zodiac sign of the builder, The attributes are closely related to the terrain direction of the mountains, and are important historical materials for studying the geographical location pattern of southern Fujian architecture.
Most of the architectural techniques include carved beams, painted pillars and gilded painted sculptures, which are elegant and gorgeous. The types of carvings include wood carvings, brick carvings, stone carvings, etc. The forms include round carvings, freehand carvings, relief carvings, etc. The themes cover flowers, birds, fish and insects, auspicious animals and mascots, war scenes, character allusions, myths and legends, etc. The skills are exquisite and colorful. In general, the construction concepts, layout forms, and structural decorations of the traditional houses in Mount Anshan are all examples of traditional architecture in southern Fujian, and can be called a living fossil of southern Fujian architectural techniques.
The "ancientness" of Mount Ashan not only has a long history, but is also "ancient" in its cultural tradition.
Many cultural companions are still alive today, such as the black tile kiln left over from the Song Dynasty. Now one or two more kilns are fired every month. Each kiln produces seven to eight thousand pieces of traditional black tiles, which are specially used for the maintenance of local ancient houses. ; In the ancient village, production tools such as blowers, earthen rice bags, and daily necessities such as pottery urns and stone mills are neatly placed, and a breath of life rises in the smoke; in the fields, old farmers wearing bamboo hats and rolled-up trouser legs are driving buffaloes. The cultivated land and the paddy fields are connected to form a peaceful scene of harmony between man and nature; in the ancient houses, the flower windows, cornices, plaques, couplets, and weights are integrated with the smart kettles, smart appliances, and time period newspapers with the flavor of the times; the ancient streets Beside, the old people held pipa, flute, and erhu in their hands, playing and singing Nanyin, the "living fossil of Chinese classical music" leisurely; on the stove, the local specialty delicacy Bangshe Turtle adhered to the craftsmanship and recipes passed down from generation to generation, and distributed It has a familiar ancient flavor; during the seasons, people still retain traditional activities such as "inviting fire", "dragon lantern dance" and "bronze man dancing". The people and villages here abide by the rules and traditions of the past - in front of the ancient house, there is a half-acre pond filled with ducks and ducks, and the old lychees surround the house, gradually becoming a forest, with rice ridges and hills, and numerous ladders. Ancient objects do not exist as isolated and silent cultural relics, but accompany people's big data, Internet of Things, and intelligence today. It can be called a museum for the living inheritance of southern Fujian culture.
The roots of Fujian and Taiwan folk culture: the well-known hometown of Qingshui Patriarch is in Lashan Town. In 1037 AD, Qingshui Patriarch Chen Rongzu was born in Pushang Village, Lashan Town, and studied at Xianjin Rock in Nanshan. After attaining enlightenment, he applied medicine everywhere, preached scriptures, and prayed for rain and universal salvation. He passed away at the Qingshuiyan in Anxi at the age of 65 and became a Buddha. Some areas have hundreds of furnaces and numerous believers. As the hometown of Patriarch Qingshui, Mount Ashan preserves the "Stone Study Room" where the Patriarch studied and herded cattle when he was a child, the legendary story of the Patriarch "The cows returned home by chanting sutras at dusk" and the complete and rich belief culture of Patriarch Qingshui. Every year on the birthday of the Patriarch, followers of the Patriarch from Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Southeast Asia and other places travel thousands of miles to come to Mount Laoshan to find their roots, and cultural exchanges are flourishing.
This is also the ancestral home of my sister-in-law Nanshan Chen family. 80% of people in Lushan have the surname Chen. The Chen family here is a sect of the Chen family that migrated to Fujian from Gushi County, Guangzhou, Henan in 956 AD. In the early Song Dynasty, his descendant Youdaogong chose to settle at the foot of Nanshan Mountain (Moshan Town), his sister-in-law. In 1400 AD, the Chen Ancestral Hall was built. There have been 24 generations of descendants from this ancestral hall, with a total number of nearly 500,000. They are distributed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, the United States, Canada and other places, with footprints all over the world. Every winter solstice, Chen's ancestral hall holds a grand "Winter Sacrifice to Ancestors" ceremony. The ancestor worship offerings are exquisite, and the procedures follow "invite grandmother", "thank the land", "thank Kuixing", "offer incense", "offer wine", " The steps such as "reading the sacrificial text" and "worshiping and praying for blessings" are complete and orderly. On that day, thousands of Chen family representatives from all over the country will come here to visit their roots and worship their ancestors, and talk about the economy and culture. The scene is magnificent.
They believe in the four major secular gods: Emperor Baosheng, King Guangze, Patriarch Sanping, and Fa Zugong, as well as the two national heroes Zheng Chenggong and Qi Jiguang. These beliefs are not only the folk cultural heritage of Mount Lu for thousands of years , is an important part of southern Fujian culture and an important cultural hub connecting Fujian, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. It has positive significance for strengthening cultural and emotional exchanges between Fujian, Taiwan and even the southern Fujian Chinese around the world.
Based on its own actual conditions and in accordance with the principle of “protection first, restoration first, moderate development”, the Party Committee and Government of Ganshan Town actively explores a scientific and reasonable sustainable development model, and protects historical and cultural towns and villages, so as to Rural revitalization is the main line, using pastoral scenery, ancient streets, ancient houses, ancient houses, etc. as carriers to activate the vitality of traditional villages, integrating cultural enhancement, style improvement, facility improvement, environmental improvement, and tourism development to promote and inherit history and culture. Let the nostalgic memories come alive, while protecting the historical features while taking into account the improvement of the living environment and the improvement of the overall function.