Planting problems of cherry trees.
Cherry is a fruit tree that likes light, temperature, humidity and fat. It is suitable to grow under the climatic conditions of annual average temperature 10 ~ 12℃, annual precipitation of 600 ~ 700 mm, and annual sunshine hours of more than 2,600 ~ 2,800 hours ... The time when the daily average temperature is higher than 10℃ is150 ~ 200 d. If there is freezing damage in the local area, cherry orchard can choose areas with slow temperature rise and good air circulation in spring. Considering that the cherry root system is shallow and easy to be blown down by the wind, the garden should be in an area free from wind damage, and the soil is sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer. The garden should be selected in an agricultural production area with good ecological conditions, far away from pollution sources and sustainable production capacity. Meet the safety and quality of agricultural products and the environmental requirements of pollution-free fruit producing areas.
Second, choose the right variety.
Big cherry is a cross-pollinated variety, most of which are self-pollinated and need pollination trees. Varieties with different maturity, such as Sijiqing Zaohong and Deng Hong, can be selected as main planting varieties, and Senecio scandens and Redmi can be used as pollination varieties. Generally, the main cultivated varieties are separated by 2 rows, and the pollinated varieties are 1 row to ensure normal pollination. ? The soil, fertilizer and water management of cherry is very different from other fruit trees. Because it is sensitive to soil, fertilizer and moisture, a little carelessness will cause a lot of serious consequences such as fruit cracking and tree death. Therefore, cherries should be managed according to the law of demand for soil, fertilizer and water. Plantations should be cultivated and weeded in spring and summer to keep the soil loose. Every year from September to June, 65438+ 10 month, 50 cm outside the trunk between rows, apply organic fertilizer in ditches, apply 400 kg of organic fertilizer every 667 m2, urea 15 ~ 30 kg and compound fertilizer 50 ~ 15~30 kg. Apply 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg of urea before germination and after fruit picking. Spraying 0.3% urea 2 ~ 3 times on the leaves from germination to flowering, and spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time on the leaves when the fruits are ripe and after picking. Irrigation before germination 1 time, hard core stage, fruit picking and freezing. In order to give full play to the synergistic potential of big cherry protected cultivation, we should pay attention to the selection of early-maturing varieties such as Hongguang, Italian Zaohong and Zaoda Fruit, which need less cold. On the premise of giving priority to early-maturing varieties, we can also appropriately select excellent early and middle-maturing varieties, such as Xianfeng and Meizao, to extend the listing period. Late-maturing varieties are not suitable for protective cultivation. First, they need a large amount of cold energy and have a long cold storage time. Second, the maturity is late, and the time is similar to that of early maturity in the open field, and the benefits are not obvious.
Third, greenhouse construction.
In addition to being strong, wind-resistant and compression-resistant, the greenhouse cultivated in protected areas should be light-permeable, humidity-regulated, with good thermal insulation effect and easy management, which is conducive to the normal growth and development of big cherries.
Four, buckle tent time and temperature rise
1. Big cherry has the characteristic of natural dormancy. The cultivation of big cherry in greenhouse must meet the requirements of big cherry for low temperature and cold capacity. According to the dormancy characteristics and low temperature requirements of big cherry, a new layer of high-fat film should be sprayed under the tree after the shed is closed, so that the root activity can germinate earlier than the tree body, and the nutrient cycle of the tree body can be connected up and down, so that the tree body in the shed can keep the nutrient supply in time, so as not to cause premature flowering and fruiting.
It's best not to rush to heat up after the tent is buckled. In the first few days, you can shade the sun and store cold, cover the curtains during the day and open them at night, and continue to increase the demand for low temperature of big cherries, and then slowly heat up after 5-7 days. However, the temperature should not rise too fast or too high, otherwise the reverse growth phenomenon of leaves first, flowers first and pistils first will easily occur. The height of the stem is 40 ~ 50 cm, and the height of the tree is about 3 m. The whole tree has 8 ~ 12 uniaxial branches with an angle of 70 ~ 80, which are staggered. Before germination, the seedlings were cut in winter and dried at a height of 80 cm. 1 ~ 4 years, stems and uniaxial branches were cut off at the full bud stage, the length was 40 ~ 60 cm, and the dense branches and pests were cut off. Generally, the branches on the lateral uniaxial branch group are shortened by 5 ~ 15 cm to promote the formation of the short branch group and form the fruit branch bundle in the next year. In order to reduce the number of outer branches of the crown and improve the lighting conditions in the crown, thinning and re-cutting methods were used to deal with the outer multi-head branches.
In spring and autumn, the angle of uniaxial branching group is about 75, and the auxiliary branching is pulled to 90. From May to June, leave 5 ~ 10 cm for vigorous new shoots and erect new branches germinated by short cuttings. When the secondary branches grow vigorously, they can be cored again to promote the formation of short branches and flower buds.