Research on overseas east longitudes
(1) The geographical trend described in "Overseas East Jing" is consistent with the geographical trend along the southeastern coast of Shandong.
"Overseas East Jing": "Overseas is from the southeast Zou to the northeast Zou". It describes the Fang Kingdom from the southeast to the northeast coast.
"The Great Wilderness East Classic" "Beyond the East China Sea is the great gully, the country of Shaohao. Zhuanxu, the young emperor of Wu, abandoned his harp and harp here. Where there is Ganshan, the sweet water flows out, and the Ganyuan is born." Since the "Great Wilderness East Classic" also describes the direction from southeast to northeast, the Kingdom of Shaohao (administrative territory) can be understood as the general name of the entire region described in the "Great Wilderness East Classic".
The archaeological culture of the Yao King City in the Longshan Period in the southeastern Shandong Province extends from Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province in the south to the urban area of Qingdao in the north. The location of Yiyi in "Yu Gong" is also located in a terrain that runs from southeast to northeast (Fig. 2 Map of the Xia Dynasty). Therefore, what "Waiwai Dong Jing" describes is exactly the distribution of Yao's city-type archaeological culture in the Fang Kingdom along the eastern coast.
(2) Among the Fang kingdoms recorded in the "Overseas East Jing" and "Great Wilderness East Jing", there are four Fang countries for which relatively clear historical evidence can be found. "Haiwai Dong Jing" "The Kingdom of Shebi Corpse is in the north, with an animal body, a human face, big ears, and two green snakes. One is called Ganyu Corpse, located in the north of the adults."
"The Great Wilderness East Scripture": "There is a god with a human face, dog ears, an animal body, and Er, two green snakes, named Shebishi."
Ganyu is Ganyu, and Ganyu’s corpse is a person from Ganyu. Zheng Chujiu, former vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province, and Wang Chengzhang, a newspaper publisher in Lianyungang, hold this view.
However, the Ganyu may be today's Ganyu, or it may be the Ganyu of ancient Yuzhou. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas." "Hainei Dongjing": "The capital is in the sea. One is called Yuzhou." According to Ganyu County Chronicle (14): "Ganyu County belonged to Jiuyi before Xia, Shang belonged to Renfang, and belonged to Ju and Zhu in the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Warring States Period, it returned to the territories of Yue, Qi, and Chu. Ganyu County was established in the Qin Dynasty , governed in Yancang City, belonged to Langya County; the Han Dynasty belonged to Ganyu, Zhuqi and Licheng counties, and belonged to Langya and Donghai counties. In the first year of AD, Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty named Situ Ma Gong as Fudehou and established it. The country was in Ganyu, and Ganyu County was moved to Yuzhou (now Beilianyun District, Lianyungang City); in 280 AD, Ganyu County was restored to Huairen County in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and its name was restored in the seventh year of Emperor Shizong's reign (1167). Ganyu County remained unchanged from the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties until the early Republic of China, and was successively affiliated to Haizhou, Huai'an Prefecture, and Xuhaidao, Jiangsu Province." In other words, if the "Haiwai Dong Jing" was written in the Qin Dynasty, the Shebishi Kingdom was located in today's Ganyu; if it was written in the Han Dynasty, the Shebishi Kingdom might be located in ancient Yuzhou, which is today's Lianyung District of Lianyungang City.
Underground archeology shows that the Shebi Corpse Kingdom is likely to be in Lianyun District. The archaeological culture in this area is represented by the Longshan Culture Tenghualuo site. The Tenghualuo site is located in the south of Xizhuchao Village, Zhongyun Office, Lianyungang City, on the alluvial plain of the valleys of Nanyuntai Mountain and Beiyuntai Mountain, with an altitude of 6 to 7 meters. It is a Longshan cultural site dating back 4500-4000 years. More than 200 ruins including foundation pits, ash pits, ash ditches, roads, house sites, ditches, rice fields, and stone piers were discovered. More than 2,000 pieces of animal and plant specimens such as stone tools, pottery, jade (Yuanyouyiyu) and carbonized rice were unearthed. "Overseas Eastern Classic" "Qingqiu Kingdom is in the north, and its fox has four legs and nine tails. It is said to be in the north of Chaoyang."
"The Great Wilderness East Scripture": There is a country of Qingqiu, with foxes and nine tails.
Volume 9 of "The Beginner's Notes" quotes "Return to the Tibet." "Qi Zhen" says that "Chiyou came from the amniotic fluid,... climbed to Jiunao to cut down the mulberry trees, and the Yellow Emperor killed him in Qingqiu."
There is Qingkou Town in Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province, which may be related to the Qingqiu Kingdom. Qingkou Town is 60 kilometers away from Lianyungang in the south and 80 kilometers away from Rizhao Andongwei in the north.
During the Six Dynasties, Li Luo commented on "The Thousand Character Essay" and "Zhou Fa Yin Tang", calling Daji a nine-tailed fox. The Ming Dynasty's novel "Fengshenbang" further developed this theory, and she became the seductive and slanderous female protagonist. say. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Nanshan Classic": "There is a beast [on Qingqiu Mountain]. It looks like a fox and has nine tails. Its voice is like a baby. It can eat people, and those who eat it are not poisonous." Guo Pu notes: "It is nine tails. fox". Since Qingqiu State is not far from Fang State, the ancestor of the Yin people, Wang Hai, Qingqiu State should have a close relationship with the Yin Shang Dynasty.
According to "Overseas Eastern Classic", Qingqiu Kingdom is located to the north of Chaoyang Valley (including northeast and northwest directions) and to the south of Black Tooth Kingdom (including southeast and southwest directions).
According to the "Great Wilderness East Classic", Qingqiu Kingdom is located between the Black Tooth Kingdom and Mingxing Mountain, adjacent to the Bai Republic and Yingtu Kingdoms. Black, eating rice and eating snakes, one red and one green, next to it.
One said that in the north of Shuhai, a person has a black head, and eating rice makes a snake, and one of the snakes is red." Hao Yixing said: "The black head is the word for tooth loss. Wang Yi's note on Chu Ci Zhaohun said: "Black teeth, all the teeth are black." "Gao You's note on Huainan's Huixing Xun says: "He has black teeth, eats rice and eats snakes, and he is on the Tang Valley." This is evidence that the ancient people's geography was different from today's. The south is up and the north is down (" The order of "Shan Hai Jing" is south, west, north, east). Therefore, "on Tanggu" means south of Tanggu.
In "Dahuangdong Jing", "there is a country with black teeth." Emperor Jun was born with Hei Te, whose surname is Jiang, who eats millet and makes four birds." The descendants of Emperor Jun are called Hei Te, and the country established by Hei Te is called Hei Te Kingdom.
The location of Hei Te Kingdom should be in Ganyu The evidence from Zhiwang Town to Lanshan Andongwei and Hushan Town is as follows:
(1) The Black Tooth Kingdom is the country of the descendants of Emperor Jun
(2). During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the hometown of Ji Guo with the surname Jiang was between Rizhao Andongwei and Jiangsu Ganyu
"Zuo Zhuan·Yin Gong Year" (15) Kong Anguo quoted from "Genealogy" and said: "Ji. , surnamed Jiang, Marquis." The "Haizhou" entry in Volume 22 of "Taiping Huanyu Ji" says: "Jizhao City is located seventy-five miles northeast of the county (Huairen County, Haizhou, today's Ganyu), on a flat land near the sea. , Monday Li Yu. According to "Spring and Autumn Period, the 19th Year of Duke Zhao": "Qi Shi attacked Ju" and "Biography" said: "Ju Zi ran to Ji Zhi", which is this place." The distance from Ganyu to Andongwei is exactly 75 miles, so today's Andongwei City is the ancient barrier city. Some people also think that Ji Zhan is at the boundary of Ganyu County. The article "The Spring and Autumn Period of the Ancient City - An Investigation of the Ancient City Ruins" (16) says: "Zuo Zhuan" records: "In the autumn of the 19th year of Lu Dinggong (523 BC), Qi Gao sent his commander to attack Ju (Ju Bushi). "Qi Gu"), Juzi ran to Ji Zhang"; Du's note: "Ji Zhang Juyi is also, there is Ji City in the northeast of Ganyu in the East China Sea"; "Lu Shi Zen Tong Ji": "There is Ji family, there is Zhang family"; "Tong" "Ji, Du Ji, moved to Ju, note, Ji City is the original site of Ganyu County in the East China Sea." "Boundary Wall City is sixty miles north of the county, bounded by the sea in the east and Lianshan Mountain in the west." Based on the orientation of the sea in the east and Lianshan Mountain in the west, there is no doubt that the ruins of the ancient sea city in the southeast of Lanshan Mountain are Ji Zhangcheng." "Shui Jing Zhu" "" contains: "The swimming stream leads northeast to the north of Ganyu County, and then runs northeast to the northeast of Ji Zhangcheng and enters the sea." Du Yu's "Zuo Zhuan" notes: "The two names Ji and Zhangdi are located in the northeast of Ganyu County in the East China Sea. Therefore, Ji Zhangcheng is this city." . These records all indicate that the site of Jizhang City is in the northeastern part of today's county."
However, the distance 60-75 miles north of Ganyu is approximately in the area of Zhiwang, Ganyu and Andongwei, Lanshan, and the two are separated from each other. Not too far away. Around the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the Ji State moved its capital from Jizhang to Jitai Village in the south of Shouguang. Zhangyi (the old capital) still belonged to the Ji State and belonged to the Ju State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
(3) The Jiang surname in the Ji State of Ji Zhi is not the Jiang of Emperor Yan, but the Jiang of Emperor Jun, the indigenous Jiang.
The record that the Jiang surname of Ji State is a descendant of Emperor Yan appeared later, and was first seen in "Yuan Emperor" of the Tang Dynasty. According to "He Xing Compilation" (17) and "General Chronicles of the Clan - Taking the Country as a Clan" (18) of the Song Dynasty, it is said that the descendants of Emperor Yan were granted the title of Ji Guo (now Jitai County, Shouguang County, Shandong Province) in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Ji State was destroyed by Qi State, and the country was later named Ji\\\\\\\. However, there are historical data proving that the surname of Jiang in Ji Zhi (ancient Ji State) was not that of Emperor Yan. Ginger, but the ginger of Emperor Jun, the ginger of the indigenous people. The evidence is as follows:
First, "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" mentions Emperor Yan and his descendants including their descendants in the Haidai area several times, but in "Overseas Eastern Classic". The surname Jiang of Emperor Yan has never been mentioned in the area of "The Classic of Great Wilderness".
For example: "The Book of Northern Mountains" says that the girl named Nvwa of Emperor Yan was swimming in the East China Sea and drowned. Return, so it is Jingwei. It often carries wood and stones from the Western Mountains and carries them into the Eastern Sea. The Zhang River flows out and flows eastward into the river." "The Great Wilderness Western Classic" "There is a country where people interact with each other. The grandson of Emperor Yan was named Ling Hui, who gave birth to hundreds of people, who could go up and down to the sky." "Hai Nei Jing" says, "The wife of Emperor Yan, son of Chishui, Tingyanyao gave birth to Yanju, Yanju gave birth to Jie Bing, Jie Bing gave birth to play implements, and play Qi Sheng Zhurong. Zhu Rongjiang was in the river, where he was born and worked. ***Gong produces magic tools. The top of the magic tool is on the top, which is made of earth and is used to deal with the river water. ***Gong was born in Hou Tu, and Hou Tu was born in Cho Ming, and Cho Ming was born in twelve years." "Hai Nei Jing" states "Bo Ling, the grandson of Emperor Yan, was married to A'u, the wife of Wu Quan, and she was pregnant for three years. , Yan, Shu. It started as a marquis, and drums and extensions started as bells and music winds." "Zuo Zhuan. The 20th Year of Zhaogong" records that when Yan Ying described the history of Qi, he said: "In the past, the Jiu family of Shuang Dynasty first lived here, and because of this, Ji Li became famous. Pang Boling was the cause of it, Pu Gu was the cause of it, and then Taigong was the cause of it." Du's note in "Zuo Zhuan" said: "Pang Boling, the prince of Yin, has the surname Jiang."
Bronze vessels belonging to Feng Guo were unearthed from the Western Zhou Tomb of Liu Taizi in Jiyang County, Shandong Province. Feng Gong was named Jiang after Boling. Although Qi borders the Shouguang Ji State in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there has never been any record or legend in history that the ginger of Ji State was the ginger of Fengboling.
Second, according to the Tang Dynasty's "Yuanhe Surnames Compilation" and the Song Dynasty's "Tongzhi. Clan Overview - Taking the Country as the Clan" In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, it is recorded that the descendants of Emperor Yan were granted the title of Ji State (today's Jitai County, Shouguang County, Shandong Province). Even if there is a descendant of Emperor Yan who was granted the title of Ji State, it can only be the Ji State of Shouguang. country, not the Ji country of Ji Zha (assuming there are two Ji countries). Regarding the ancient city that commemorates the country, the article "Spring and Autumn Period of the Ancient City - Investigation of Ancient City Ruins" writes: "According to the country name records: "After Emperor Yan, the surname of the country was Jiang." However, according to historical data, after Emperor Yan, Zhou Fengguo was not here." .
Thirdly, Xuan Zhaoqi (19) wrote in "The Origin of Culture from Jiang Yan Culture": "Ji State. During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, there was a Ji State, located in Shouguang, Shandong today. "Zuo Zhuan·Yin Gong Year" Kong Anguo quoted from "Genealogy of the World" and said: "Ji, surnamed Jiang, is a marquis. "Ji State was built by the surname Jiang, and can be found in "Historical Records" Suoyin and "Lu Shi" books. The bronze inscriptions write "Ji" as "Ji". 20 miles south of Shouguang County, there are old city ruins, Jihou The Jihou Bell was unearthed under the Jihou Platform. According to experts from the Shouguang Museum, it can be seen that they are from the late Shang Dynasty. There was a Ji State named Jiang, whose capital and territory were within the present Shouguang territory." This shows that Ji Zhi Ji Guo was earlier than the Yin and Shang Dynasties. If Ji Zhi's ginger is Yan Emperor's ginger, just like Feng Boling's ginger, it should be mentioned in "Shan Hai Jing". There is also another possibility that Shouguang Jiguo was the Jiang of Emperor Yan, and Jizhao Jiguo was the Jiang of Emperor Jun. Later, due to historical reasons, the two were confused. But regardless of that possibility, the ginger of Ji Zhi is definitely not the ginger of Emperor Yan. Then, the ginger of discipline can only be the ginger of emperor Jun.
Fourthly, during the Spring and Autumn Period, the Lai and Ju states adhered to Yi customs and used Yi rituals, so they were looked down upon by the Zhou royal family such as Qilu and other vassal states. Ji State and Lai State have been intermarriage states for generations, which shows that Ji State, like Ju State, is an indigenous Dongyi Fang Kingdom granted by the Zhou Dynasty.
Fifth, "History of the Road" (20) of the Song Dynasty records that Shaohao's descendants include: "22 countries with the surname Yan, 57 countries with the surname Ying, 4 countries with the surname Li, 6 countries with the surname Ji, and There are 2 countries with surnames, and 9 countries with unknown surnames, totaling 6 surnames and 100 countries." It shows that after Shaohao, there was Ji surname (Jiang surname, named after the country).
Sixth, from an archaeological perspective, the Yandi culture belongs to the culture of the Yangshao period, and the culture of the Haidai region equivalent to the Yangshao period is the Dawenkou culture. If the descendants of Emperor Yan migrate from the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River to the Haidai area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, they will inevitably bring Yangshao culture to the Haidai area. Archeology has proven that the Fang State, which was formed by the migration of one ethnic group and tribe, must have left behind cultural traces of that ethnic group. Because in addition to the daily necessities carried when migrating, even in a new environment, the culture of the ethnic group will definitely be reflected in the daily necessities they make. A large number of Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture sites have been discovered throughout the Haidai area, especially in the Rizhao area, and various artifacts have been unearthed, but so far no traces of the Yangshao Culture have been found. In other words, there was no Yandi Jiang in the Haidai area before the Longshan Culture. Even if there is an ancient country with the Jiang surname of Emperor Yan in the Haidai area, it could only have migrated here during the Xia and Shang Dynasties. For example, "Zuo Zhuan. The 20th Year of Zhaogong" records Feng Boling.
Seventh, Xu Zhuoyun (21) listed the migrations of many feudal states of the Western Zhou Dynasty, including Ji State, in the "History of the Western Zhou Dynasty", and then wrote: "These feudal states have all moved hundreds of thousands of people. miles or even thousands of miles away, the ethnic groups that moved with the feudal lord must be the main body of the feudal state. Judging from the migration routes of the feudal states with the surname Ji and Jiang, they both moved from Henan to new territories further east or south, which were the Zhou Dynasty. In the new place, these ethnic groups lived on top of the original residents and formed the feudal ruling class. The "Royal System" in the "Book of Rites" states: "The princes of the emperor have no masters in the place where they worship." "The so-called "Yinguo" refers to the land ruled by these feudal ethnic groups. The ruling ethnic groups in "Yinguo" live together in the cities, and they are the "guoren", while the original residents of "Yinguo" live scattered in various places. In the settlement where we live, we are called "savages". In this way, the Tang Dynasty's "Yuanhe Surnames Compilation" and the Song Dynasty's "Tongzhi. There is a reasonable explanation for the record that the descendants of Emperor Yan were granted the title of Ji State (today's Jitai County, Shouguang County, Shandong Province) in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. In other words, the predecessor of the Ji Kingdom in the Ancient Ji Barrier was the Black Teeth Kingdom, and the surname was Jiang after Emperor Jun.
During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, Ji Guo with the surname Jiang expanded to the Shouguang area. Later, the Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed the descendants of Emperor Yan to the Kingdom of Ji as rulers. The descendants of Emperor Yan became "guoren" and the descendants of Emperor Jun became "savages". Therefore, there is a saying that the surname Jiang of Ji State came after Emperor Yan.
"Huainanzi·Xiu Wu Xun" (22) mentions the Black Teeth Kingdom: "Yao established filial piety, kindness and benevolence, making the people like his children. He taught the people in the west and reached Heite in the east." It also clearly states that the Black Teeth Kingdom is in the east of China. "Haiwai Dong Jing" "There is a Tang Valley below. There is a hibiscus above the Tang Valley. I bathed in it for ten days. It is in the north of Hei Te. There is a big tree in the water. It lives on the lower branch for nine days and on the upper branch for one day."
"Great Wilderness East Classic": "In the Great Wilderness, there is a mountain called Nieshao Huohuang. There are buttresses on it with pillars three hundred miles away, and its leaves are like mustard. There is a valley called Wenyuan Valley. On the Tang Valley There are support trees, one says that the direction is coming, the other says that the direction is coming, and they are both contained in the black tree."
"Dahuangdong Jing": Where there is Ganshan, the sweet water flows out and the sweet abyss arises.
"Great Wilderness Southern Classic": "Beyond the southeast sea, between the sweet waters, there is the country of Xihe. There is a woman named Xihe, who just bathes in the sweet water. Xihe is the emperor's handsome one. Wife, born ten days ago.” Just like Emperor Jun's black teeth, Xihe's birth to ten days means that Xihe's descendants established the Ten Days Kingdom. "There was a woman named Xihe who was bathing in Ganyuan."
In the eyes of the ancients, the change of the sun is that it is cool at sunrise in the morning, and then the temperature gradually rises and becomes hot until it sets, and the cycle repeats. The ancients did not understand the temperature changes of the sun within a day, so there was a legend that the sun goddess Xihe bathed in the sun in the Gan Yuan to cool it down. This is reflected in the scene of a woman bathing in the sun in the Ganyuan in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas". When it comes to the text "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", it becomes "There was a woman named Xihe, who was bathing in Ganyuan."
According to the fact that the Black Tooth Kingdom is "on (south) of Tanggu", the Tanggu Diwang should be in the north of the Black Tooth Kingdom, and its underground archeology corresponds to the Yao King City ruins in Rizhao City. This is the so-called " "Ten Days Kingdom", the Kingdom of Xihe. Tanggu is the holy place where Dongyi people worship the Sun God.
The ruins of King Yao's City are a national key cultural relics protection unit. It was a rather large "primitive city" and the "capital" of the ancient Longshan Kingdom of Yao's City. After investigation, the Sino-US joint archaeological team believed that the area of the site (more than 1 million square meters) should be similar to the area of the two towns. The adobe building was discovered here for the first time, especially the discovery of the foundation stone, which marked the first time for China to hold a groundbreaking ceremony in the field of architecture. The burial customs of tombs are unique. It is very rare to inlay pottery pieces around the tomb owner to form a square tomb frame. The copper slag unearthed at the site shows that the place first entered the civilization era where copper and stone were used together.
According to the census results of a joint archaeological team composed of the Oriental Archaeological Research Center of Shandong University and the Chicago Museum of Natural History, the area around Yao King City is distributed as a three-level settlement. Geographically speaking, the ruins of King Yao's city face (east) to the sea, and their back (west) is close to Lao Niu's head, Shuangshan, Baiyun Temple and other mountain systems. On the right (south) are Zhuzi River, Dazhai Mountain and Deng Mountain, and on the left (north) ) are Fu Tuanhe and Kuishan. A land full of imperial aura and feng shui.
The archeology of the tombs in Yaowangcheng shows that the tombs are all facing the Dengshan area in the south of the site. There is Shipen Mountain at the northeast foot of Deng Mountain. There are many legends about sun worship and ancestor worship on Shipen Mountain (23). There are still ruins such as the Sun God Stone, the Stone Ancestor Statue, the Sun God Mausoleum, the Jiguaiya Mountain, and the Laomu Temple. The valley in Shipen Mountain is named Wangxian Stream by Emperor Qin Shihuang. According to the records of Wang Yun (24) of the Qing Dynasty, there is the Laomu Temple in Wangxian Stream, which worships Nuwa and Xihe. To the south of the Shebishi Kingdom (the area from Lianyungang to Ganyu in present-day Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province), there were the Qiu and Daren Kingdoms.
"Haiwai Dong Jing" "
"Dahuangdong Jing": "In the northeast (suspected to be "South") sea, there are also three green horses, three zhuan, and ganhua. Ai has Yiyu, three bluebirds, three zhuan, shirou, and ganhua. , Ganqi."
"Dahuangdongjing": "In the southeast corner of Dahuang is a hill called Pimu Diqiu". The "sighing hill" seems to be the "pimu hill".
"Haiwai Dong Jing" "The country of adults is in the north, where the people are big, sitting and cutting boats. One day is in the north of Qiu in
"Great Wilderness East": "Beyond the East China Sea, in the Great Wilderness, there is a mountain named Dayan, where the sun and moon come from. Those with Bo Valley Mountains are the country of great people." "There is a market for adults, and it is called the Hall of Adults. There is a big man standing on top of it and opening his ears."
The location of Qiuqiu and Daren Kingdom is approximately in the Dayi Mountain area of Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province. The archaeological culture in this area is the Dayi Mountain Neolithic Age sarcophagus burial site, which is located on the Qingfeng Ridge on the foothills of the southeast corner of Dayi Mountain, one kilometer north of Guanyun County, Lianyungang City. The site revealed an area of 700 square meters, and 64 Neolithic "sarcophagus tombs" and more than 150 burial artifacts were found. The Dayishan site reflects the typical characteristics of northern cultures such as Dawenkou, and also contains some elements of southern Jiangsu culture. It is the forefront of Dongyi culture.
Besides the Qingqiu Kingdom, there are also the Junzi Kingdom and the Trapped Republic to the north of the Corpse Kingdom in Ganyu and to the south of the Black Tooth Kingdom (from Zhiwang Town in Ganyu to Weihushan Town in Andongwei, Lanshan). .
"Overseas Eastern Classic" "The country of the gentleman is in the north. He wears a sword and eats animals. He keeps two big tigers by his side, so that his people can give in without fighting. There are incense and flowers, and he lives and dies every day. One day in Ganyu's corpse is in the north."
"Dahuangdong Jing": There is a mountain at the east entrance. There is a country of gentlemen, whose people are clothed with swords.
Ke's case: The following four verses are said: "The Eastern Yi people are from the big, and they are great people; the Yi people are benevolent, and the benevolent people live long. There are gentlemen, and the country will never die." And the natural history of foreign countries says: "The noble countrymen, the clothes and hats With a sword and two tigers, the people are dressed in wild silk, and they are courteous and do not fight. The land is thousands of miles away, and there are many flowers and grass. Between Lianyun District and Qingkou Town, Ganyu (the distance between the two is 60 kilometers).
The archaeological culture in this area is represented by the following: Beiqingdun Temple Site (including Su Qingdun Site), a Neolithic Longshan Cultural Site, is located in the north of Qingdun Temple Village, Chengtou Town, and is a large river. Bay Beach covers an area of about 150,000 square meters. The Yancang ruins (including the Miaotaizi ruins) are located in Yancang Village, Haitou Town. According to historical records, they were the residence of Yanguan of the Ju Kingdom in the Spring and Autumn Period. They were stationed here during the Han Dynasty. They are an east-west platform, 120 meters long and 115 meters wide. , 3 meters high.
"Overseas Eastern Classics" "{Gong?/font>{Gongchong}々 is in the north, and there are two poems each. One is in the north of Junzi's country." There is a rainbow character in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas". The image and character should be similar to the character for rainbow in oracle bone inscriptions. It is an image of a rainbow with heads at both ends (picture shows ancient Chinese characters, written by Xiong Guoying). When the ancients wrote "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" based on "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", they described the rainbow as a rainbow with "two songs each", making it impossible for future generations to know whether it was a rainbow or a monster with two songs. Even Sima Qian said, "I dare not say anything."
"Haiwai Dong Jing" "In the Valley of the Chaoyang, the god is called Tianwu, who is the uncle of water. It is between the two waters in the north of {Gongchong}々. It is a beast, with eight heads and a human face, eight legs and eight tails , all green and yellow."
The Valley of the Rising Sun is located between the Junzi Kingdom and the Black Teeth Kingdom. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he "traveled eastward on the sea, paying homage to the famous mountains, rivers and eight gods", and "caught him in the corner of the sea, and then climbed the fruit and showed it to the rising sun." This rising sun may also be the other rising sun.
"Great Wilderness East Classic" "There is a god with eight heads and human faces, a tiger body and ten tails, named Tianwu.
"Overseas Eastern Scripture" "The emperor ordered to set up a sea step, from the east to the west, and choose nine out of five hundred million. Eighteen hundred steps. Shu Hai's right hand counts, and his left hand points to the north of Qingqiu. One said that Yu ordered the establishment of Hai. "One says five hundred and ninety-nine thousand eight hundred steps".
"The Eastern Classic of the Wilderness" has a story about people who were trapped in the Republic of China and ate their surnames. Some people called Wang Hai, and he held the bird with both hands and then ate its head. Wang Hai asked When Yi and He Bo served cattle, Yi sneaked out and fed the beasts. Emperor Shun gave birth to drama, and the drama gave rise to the people.
According to this, Wang Hai The Republic of China should be the Fang Kingdom of Shuhai. In ancient times, the geographical order of people was south, west, north, and east. In other words, the "Shan Hai Jing Map" is exactly the opposite of today's map, that is, up, south, down, north, left, west and right. East. According to the inference that "Shui's right hand is counting, his left hand is pointing to the north of Qingqiu", the Kuoming Republic should be in the west of Qingqiu Kingdom, which is the Linyi area. Linyi is another central area of the Yao King City type in the Longshan period, and it is also where the ancestors of the Yin people lived.
To the north of Shiri Kingdom (the ancient kingdom of King Yao), there are Yushi Concubine Kingdom, Xuangu Kingdom, Mao Min Kingdom and Lao Min Kingdom.
"Overseas Eastern Classic". The concubine of the Rain Master is in the north. He is a black man, holding a snake in each hand, with a green snake in his left ear and a red snake in his right ear. On the 10th, in the north of ten days, there were people with black bodies and faces, each holding a turtle." Guo Puyun: "The master of rain calls it a screen." Hao Yi Xingyun said: "Ci Tianwen said: "The rain starts with the whistle of Ping." Wang Yi noted It says: "Ping, Pingyi, is the name of Yushi; Hao, Huye." Chu Xue Ji (Volume 2) says: "Yushi is called Pingyi, also called Pinghao."
"The Classic of Mountains and Seas". The Northern Classic of the Great Wilderness states that Chi You sent troops to attack the Yellow Emperor and invited Feng Boyu to fight against the storm.
The Yushi Concubine Kingdom may be located in the ancient city of Haiqu (west of Rizhao County), represented by the Donghaiyu ruins. The site was approved and announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in 2006. The announced area of the site is 80,000 square meters. When the Sino-US joint archaeological team conducted a "regional systematic survey", it was believed that the site was more than 200,000 square meters. The dense distribution of houses and buildings in the Donghaiyu ruins reflects that this is a large-scale primitive village. Judging from the architecture of the houses at the "Donghaiyu Site", the emergence of house foundations and the use of ramming technology ushered in the traditional Chinese rammed platform civil construction, which has important value and significance in the history of ancient Chinese architecture. Meaning, the emergence of "water dispersion" facilities in house buildings shows that the ancestors have mastered relatively advanced moisture-proof technology.
The Donghai Valley site obviously does not belong to the ancient Kingdom of Yao City, because most of the tombs in Donghai Valley are oriented towards rivers and mountains, while the tombs in Yao City are mostly oriented towards Shipen Mountain. A pottery ling was unearthed in Donghai Valley, which should be the musical instrument used by the Rain Master in his sacrifices.
"Haiwai Dong Jing" "The country of Xuangu is in the north. It is food for humans and fish, so two birds pinch it. One is to the north of Yushi Concubine."
"Dahuangdong Jing": There is Mount Zhaoyao, where melted water comes out. There is a country called Xuangu, millet food, which makes four birds.
The geographical location of Xuangu Kingdom is approximately the area around the ruins of the two cities. The ruins of the two cities are backed by mountains and face the sea, covering an area of about 1 million square meters. According to the British version of "World History Guide": From 3500 BC to 2000 BC, the two cities of Rizhao, Shandong, China were the largest cities in Asia. In 2005, it was included in the national 100 key heritage site protection projects by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. The cultural layer of the site is 2-5 meters thick and has very rich cultural connotations. The cultural layer is dominated by the Longshan Cultural layer, where the only jade adze with an animal face pattern was unearthed in the country; the unearthed inlaid turquoise jade ax is also a fine product among jade wares; the shapes of pottery are very rich, and the shapes of the unearthed objects almost cover The shapes of subsequent dynasties and dynasties have rich cultural connotations and strong artistic quality. The pottery birds and sun pattern pottery basins unearthed from the ruins are representatives of them, proving that the ancestors of the two towns were not only a nation that worshiped birds, but also A nation that worships the sun. There are three circles of moats in the Liangcheng ruins. The ruins are a core of the settlement group and the "capital" of the ancient Liangcheng country. Nearly 100 square meters of house sites were found in the ruins, which should be used for sacrifices or large gatherings. The discovery of wine, It refutes the wine-making in China. In other words, it advances the history of wine-making in China by two thousand years; the flotation wheat specimen is an important archaeological discovery, proving that during the Longshan period, northern China and southeastern Shandong were a drought- and flood-friendly farming area.
"Overseas Eastern Classic" "The country of the hairy people is in the north, and the people have hair. It is said to be in the north of Xuangu".
"The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Dahuangdong Jing": There is Mount Zhaoyao, where melted water comes out. There is a country called Xuangu, millet food, which makes four birds. ”
The Mao Republic may have been in Jiaonan County. The Lingshanwei area near Langya belonged to the State of Ju during the Spring and Autumn Period. Ju State established Anyang City here, which was one of the Five Yangs of Ju State.
"Overseas Eastern Classic" "The Lao Republic is in the north, and its people are black. Or it is called the Jiao people. One is that in the north of the Mao people, the people's faces and limbs are all black."
The Lao Republic of China may be located in the area from Sanlihe in Jiaozhou City to Qingdao City. Underground archeology is represented by the Sanlihe Longshan Cultural Site. The site is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shandong Province. It is located in the west of Shenxiangou, Beisanlihe Village, Nanguan Subdistrict Office, Jiaozhou City, covering an area of approximately 50,000 square meters. The strata of the site are divided into upper and lower layers. The upper layer belongs to the Longshan Cultural layer and the lower layer belongs to the Dawenkou Cultural layer. After two excavations, more than 2,000 cultural relics were unearthed. It is an ancient site with extremely rich connotations. Among them, thin-bodied black pottery (also known as eggshell pottery) is a unique cultural relic of China's Longshan Culture. Its exquisite craftsmanship is truly rare. A black pottery high-handled cup unearthed from the site is on display at the Museum of Chinese History. It is 20 centimeters high and weighs 39 grams. The mouth plate is only 0.3 millimeters thick. It is as thin as an eggshell and as bright as a mirror. It is a masterpiece. In addition, nearly 100 tombs of the Longshan Culture type and more than 60 tombs of the Dawenkou Culture type, as well as house remains and caves, were also discovered.
The ancient Ju Kingdom once established its capital in Jijin, a place not far from the Sanli River in Jiaozhou City, which is the "Jiegen" in "Zuo Zhuan". Yuan Zhaoguo (25) said in the article "The Ju State Civilization Notes the Six Hundred Years of Qing Dynasty's Turbulent Romance": "According to relevant historical archaeological experts, new evidence has been deduced: in history, with the changes in the Ju State, the capital has also been moved to new locations many times.
One theory is that the capital of Ju was once moved to Ganyu, Jiangsu during the Shang Dynasty, and then moved back to Ju in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The first capital was Dawenkou Cultural City on the Lingyang River in Ju, and then Longshan City on the Duanjia River. It is also said that the capital of Ju State was Jiegen (southwest of today's Jiaozhou City) at the beginning, and later moved to Ju. There is also a saying that the Ju State had three capitals in the Spring and Autumn Period, namely: Jucheng, Quqiu and Yun. Jucheng is the current county seat; Quqiu is in the south of Jucheng, which should be in the west of today's Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province; Yun is in Dongguan Town, north of Jucheng, which is the Eastern Zhou Dynasty site of Yuanjiazhuang."
" "Eastern Jumang, with a bird body and a human face, riding on two dragons"
This sentence refers to the totem and worship of the ancestors of the Yiyi land (the type of King Yao's city in Longshan). Jumang (or the famous Jumang) is Shaohao's descendant, named Fu Xichen, became the god of wood (god of spring) after his death, responsible for the sprouting and growth of trees. The sun rises from the fusang every morning, and the sacred tree fusang returns to the place where the sun rises. The place is also governed by Jumang. Jumang was very important in ancient times and participated in the annual spring festival. His original appearance was that of a bird with a human face and a body of a bird, riding on two dragons.
There are many historical sites. It can never be verified, but the following points are relatively clear: first, the corpse of Shebi (the corpse of Ganyu) is located between today's Lianyungang and Ganyu; secondly, the Jiang surname of the Black Tooth Kingdom is the place of the Guji Kingdom. That is the area around Hushan Town in Andong, Lanshan District; thirdly, the Shiri Kingdom is expected to be located in the area around Yaowangcheng site.