The sixth chapter of the Jiangnan Private Garden Construction Guide—Establishing the Foundation: First of all, the scenery is the best, and the beauty lies in the construction of the south-facing garden.

This article discusses the planning and layout of garden buildings,

and the basic principles for selecting various types of garden building bases.

Among them,

the endless space at the base of the hall,

the wonderful topography of the pavilion base,

the seclusion and elegance of the study base,

The choice of the pavilion and pavilion base is appropriate,

the internal and external integration of the corridor and house base,

the freedom and looseness of the rockery base,

are all given to us More inspiration on design thinking.

The full text is about 3,000 words

When setting up a garden, the hall is the main focus. First of all, the beauty of the scene is that it faces south. If there are several trees, there are only one or two in the atrium. //Building walls must be wide, and there are many open spaces. They can be maintained at will and obey the arrangement; select buildings and pavilions; //The format is appropriate and the cultivation is successful. The choice of direction is not limited to the residence, and the installation of the door must be in line with the hall. //Create mounds of earth and build banks along the pond;

When setting up a garden foundation, the location of the hall (main building) needs to be determined first. The hall should be designed with the view first, preferably from the north to the south. If there are several trees originally, just keep one or two in the courtyard.

Build walls to divide the space. The garden scenic area should be broad and leave plenty of open space to build and arrange the scenery according to the intention. Choose places to build pavilions and rooms, and scattered places to build pavilions.

The scale, volume, and shape of the building type should be suitable for the landscape design requirements, and the cultivation of flowers and trees should be beautiful and interesting. There is no need to stick to Feng Shui in building orientation. The garden gate needs to be in the same direction as the hall (and the distance is relatively close).

The earth is dug to form a pond, and the earth is piled to form a mountain. The sides of the pool should be built with stones to express nature.

Clarification: This paragraph discusses the foundation - space division - architectural setting - landscape skeleton. Among them, the garden foundation is not only the basic location of the building, but also includes the location of the rockery, as well as the base selection, spatial environment planning and layout, and artistic conception selection. It can be said to be the preliminary investigation and preliminary conceptual design.

There is a willow moon in the bay, making the waves clear; the lotus breeze ten miles away brings fragrance to the quiet room. Weaving fences and planting chrysanthemums is due to the Tao Order; planting plums on the hoeing ridge can be combined with Yu Gong's old remains. //Looking for the secluded place, moving bamboos and planting flowers against the scenery; the peaches and plums are silent, as if they are communicating with each other; the reflection in the pond is intended to enter the Shark Palace. One party embraces autumn, and the heavy clouds end with summer;

The willows on the embankment are shining brightly, the moon is shining brightly, the water waves are clear and bright, and the lotus breeze from ten miles away brings fragrance to the secluded room. Weaving fences and planting chrysanthemums to admire Tao Ling, hoeing ridges and planting plum blossoms in memory of Duke Yu.

Plant bamboos for depth and flowers for scenery. The forest path is naturally curved, with deep twists and turns that seem to lead to the ferry. The reflection in the pond is intended to enter the Shark Palace. Autumn is everywhere you look, and you can spend the summer quietly under the shade of trees.

Qing said: Painting commentators say: "The meaning of twists and turns is to obtain the depth." Therefore, the garden path needs to be winding and forced, and it must be shaded by flowers, trees, and bamboo trees to create a sense of depth. This method can be used in a relatively complex way. More experiences can be shaped into a small space.

Water management needs to create an ethereal and endless feeling, and bridges should be built where the water flow breaks off; forest planting needs to consider the season of flowers and trees and environmental imagery, and the construction of houses should also follow the characteristics and timing of flowers and trees as an aesthetic theme.

The rooms and corridors should be hollow and solid, winding and graceful, and the pavilions should be looming in the sky, as if "the river flows beyond the sky and the earth, and the mountains appear in and out of the middle" (Wang Wei's "View of the Han River"). It can express your interest in looking at the green fields and admire the majesty of the tall mountains.

According to local conditions, the earthwork should be balanced. The high places should be built to form mountains, while the low places should be dug to form ponds.

Qing said: 1. "Endless water drainage" can be said to be a major feature of private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. Generally, the water mouth extends out of the water tail, the building is recessed, and short bridges are often built at the water tail to increase the number of people. spatial level.

2. Using the image of flowers and trees as the name of a garden building is also a common technique. According to the seasonal changes of plants, such as the "Waiting for Frost Pavilion" (orange tree) in the Humble Administrator's Garden, Liuting Pavilion (withered lotus), Xuexiangyunwei Pavilion (plum blossoms), etc.

3. High places can be cultivated, and low places should be dug, which corresponds to the previous article "High places can be used to build pavilions, and low places can be used to open ponds."

The foundation of the hall (the choice and location of the land, the volume and type of the building, and the artistic conception of the space environment) have been based on five or three rooms since ancient times. However, gardening is different from building a house. The width of the building itself or the size of the environmental land included in the building should be determined according to the width of the site. Four rooms are acceptable, or four and a half rooms are acceptable. If the land is narrow and cannot be widened, three and a half rooms are acceptable. That's ok too.

The courtyards should be varied and secretive. The connection between the front and the back is all due to the wonderful use of this half, creating an endless flow of space and unpredictable scenery. This is a spatial organization model that must be mastered and used in garden planning and design.

Qing said: adapt to local conditions, not limited to form, and use "half space" to create a sense of endless space reciprocation. ("Half rooms" is not the number of rooms, but the space beyond the number of rooms in the house site, that is, the alley between the house and the courtyard wall or the gable of the building)

Establishment of the foundation of the pavilion , according to the overall layout of the house, it should be behind the hall (low in front and high in back), but the garden is different. Why can't it be placed halfway between mountains and half water?

There is also a saying that the second floor becomes the first floor: looking up from the bottom of the mountain, it is a two-story building. If you enter from the back of the mountain, it is a one-story bungalow, and unexpectedly it is already upstairs. You can climb up the stairs and enjoy a distant view.

Qing Dynasty said: The pavilion can be halfway up the mountain, with a mountain pavilion looking from the front and a two-story open pavilion looking from the back.

Although there is no direction restriction for garden buildings, only the location of the gatehouse (garden gate) must be consistent with the direction of the main building hall and meet the overall planning requirements.

The foundation of the study (including the environmental base of the study), if it is in the garden, whether inside or outside the garden scenic area, must choose a remote and hidden place that can lead to the garden scenic area naturally, so that It is not easy for tourists to find the study room. In such a place, the study can be set up as a studio, a library, a room, or a room, and the study environment or the garden outside the courtyard can be used to make it naturally quiet and elegant.

If you want to build something other than a garden, you must first look at the shape of the site. Whether it is square or round, long, flat, wide, broad, curved, or narrow, you must strive to have the following shape: As mentioned in the foundation of the hall, half of the space is left as a "leave", and the floating corridor is dark, creating a sense of endless space and unpredictability. The architectural type may be a building or a house, or a corridor or a pavilion, and it must be built according to the form of the base.

Qing said: If the study base is in a garden, it needs to be remote and secluded, and the scenery can be used to create a mountain and forest atmosphere. If it is outside the garden, it should be adapted to local conditions and also give a sense of endless space.

Building pavilions among flowers and trees, and constructing pavilions in clear areas by the water, these are the natural and interesting places in the garden. However, pavilions are not only hidden among flowers, nor are pavilions limited to waterside. Like a bamboo forest with gurgling water, there is a mountaintop with a spectacular view.

Either in a place with dense bamboo forests and pine trees, or on a bridge, watching fish and enjoying yourself, or in the water, the water is clear and refreshing. There are certain patterns for building a pavilion based on artistic conception, but there are no set rules for where to build it.

Before the architectural foundation of the corridor is established, a place must be reserved first, leaving room under the front and rear eaves of the house so that the relatively closed courtyard can lead to the open scenic area.

Climbing and wading, with arbitrary high and low twists and turns according to the terrain, natural discontinuities, and zigzagging forward, this is an indispensable part of the garden.

Qing said: The corridor is the continuation of the architectural space and a space for internal and external integration.

Most of the rockery foundations are built in underground water. The height and top size of the peak stone must first be determined and measured before the weight can be estimated, and the depth of the foundation can be determined from this.

When stacking rocks to form a peak, it must be noted that its visual image and position in space must be related to the distance and environment of the surrounding space. Remember not to place a single peak stone in the courtyard. Multiple peak stones also have priorities and cannot be symmetrical. They should be arranged freely and freely.

The next update of the light reading series: Light Reading of the Eighth Note on Garden Ye - House

Reference books: "History of Chinese Classical Gardens", "Complete Interpretation of Garden Ye - Zhang Jiaji", "Yuan Ye" Illustration - Zhao Nong"

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