Wu Zetian sought power and usurped the throne. After she was forced to abdicate at the age of 82, she was powerless to return to heaven. Why didn't anyone dare to kill her?
Wu Zetian, with her natural political talent and skill, proclaimed herself emperor and changed her country name. She is really an extraordinary woman.
Wu Zetian reigned for decades, the country was rich and the people were safe, and the national life was greatly improved. Although he was forced to abdicate at the age of 82, he did not make a mistake that the whole world opposed. In addition, her ability to govern the country has won the support of many people.
Cui Rong commented on Wu Zetian in "The Great Sage of Qi Tian, Mourning the Queen": the talents are far away and the achievements are great. Thunder and thunder, the sun and the moon are all written.
To answer this question, we should also evaluate the origin of Wu Zetian and how to govern the country.
The origin of Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian was born in 624 and died in 65438+February 65438+June 705. Her real name is Wu Zhao and she was born in Wenshui, Wenzhou (now Wenshui, Shaanxi). The only orthodox female emperor in the history of China. He was 67 when he acceded to the throne and lived to be 82 years old. He was called Lv Hou of the Han Dynasty? Lu Wu? .
Wu Zetian is the second daughter of Wu Shihuo, the secretariat of Jingzhou. When he entered the palace at the age of fourteen, he was a talented person of Emperor Taizong and was knighted? Wu Mei? After Tang Gaozong, he was named Zhao Yi. Later, the queen was abolished and Wu Zetian became the queen. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, the empress dowager was called the imperial court.
In the first year of God's will (690), Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor and changed the title of Zhou.
Wu Zetian is a born politician, good at reading words and senses, smart and particularly beautiful. However, because she was not particularly popular during the reign of Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian seized the opportunity and turned her attention to Li Zhi, Chu Jun and Li Zhi, and later became emperors. Due to the weakness of Emperor Gaozong, Wu Zetian began to gradually interfere in state affairs. Wu Zetian's ability to handle state affairs was also appreciated by Li Zhi. After Li Zhi's death, Wu Zetian finally became emperor step by step. Wu Zetian has been in power for nearly half a century. Zhenguan rule? , next? Kaiyuan Shi Sheng? , history says? Zhenguan legacy? Wu Zetian's historical achievements are well known all over the world.
Wu Zetian did her best for her rights and was really capable of governing the country. We have made outstanding achievements in agriculture, economy, culture and military affairs.
0 1, agriculture
Wu Zetian attached importance to agriculture and stipulated counties? Land reclamation, family surplus? The winner will receive a prize. Because of political abuse, the account has moved? Those who are punished. Her agricultural book "Zhao Ren Ben Ye" has been published all over the world, with great influence. During the reign of Wu Zetian, religious policies respected Buddhism. Wu Zetian said? Tianhou? When, in the twelve suggestions? Persuade farmers to mulberry and pay tribute? . Encourage agricultural development. Wu Zetian understood that land is the foundation of farmers, and her series of measures for agriculture quickly won the support of most people.
02. Economy
Attach importance to agricultural development, ignore taxes, and share interests with the people.
Call courtiers Zhou Maosi and Fan to compile books such as Yao Lan, Hai Zi and Le Shu Yao Lu. In order to popularize the advanced experience and production technology of agriculture, Wu Zetian, the convener, compiled the biography of Zhaoren and distributed it to all counties. During the reign of Wu Zetian, the society was relatively stable, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce all developed.
03. Culture
Convene literary courtiers Zhou Maosi, Fan and others to compile books such as,, and so on. Le Shu Yao Lu is a musical document with high historical value in the Tang Dynasty. It plays an important role in China ancient music. There are ten volumes in this book, but today there are only five, six and seven volumes left.
04, military
Militarily, in order to claim the title of emperor, Wu Zetian killed a number of famous soldiers before and after, reducing the number of government soldiers, leading to defeat in foreign wars. Later, it gradually recovered a little.
05. Politics
Strike at the gate, foster civilians and develop the imperial examination. Wu Zetian also fostered landlords and bureaucrats through various channels and collected more talents from them. Allow officials and people to recommend themselves so as not to miss anything. Develop the imperial examination system and expand the number of students admitted.
Rectify official management, severely punish corrupt officials and select talents.
Open your heart and pay attention to what is acceptable.
Appoint cruel officials. For her political position, Wu Zetian used harsh means.
Although there are inevitably people who can make up the number, most talented people can be found.
Wu Zetian became a prince, which is the main reason why no one killed her:
( 1)
In the first year of the Gregorian calendar (698), Wu and Wu Sansi sought to establish the Crown Prince. Several times, someone said to Wu Zetian: Since ancient times, has the son of heaven never taken a different surname as an heir? . Wu Zetian hesitated about the choice of the prince. Prime Minister Di Renjie said to Wuhou. Which is closer, mother and son? Your majesty has a son, so he lives a long life and will worship as an ancestor in the ancestral temple; I have never heard that my nephew visited my aunt's ancestral temple that day. ? Since then, Wu Zetian has no intention of establishing Wu and Wu Sansi as ministers, and secretly took her son back to Luoyang.
"The Book of the New Tang Dynasty" said: The Empress Dowager spared no expense to win over heroes from all over the world. Although she is a hypocrite, she is what she says, and she doesn't need to be an official. Even if you are incompetent, you will find many mistakes. You should take real materials and be true. ?
And both support Chu Jun, the successor of Li Dan, and also ask Xun to be located in. Under the pressure of supporting Li Tang in all aspects, Wu Zetian realized that what the people wanted was the imperial clan of Li Tang. After all kinds of weighing, she finally decided to make Li Xian the Crown Prince.
(2)
After Wu Zetian solved the problem of heirs, she lost her mind. As she grew older, she began to indulge herself and overhaul palaces and Buddhist temples. Wu Zetian's leadership gradually intervened in state affairs, framed Prime Minister Wei, and provoked the increasingly tense relationship between Wu Zetian and the Crown Prince.
In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill and could not afford to be ill in Yingxian Palace. Only the Zhang brothers waited on her. Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi and several ministers pretended to be two rebels, launched a mutiny, rushed into the palace, killed two, and demanded that Wu Zetian abdicate. Wu Zetian was forced to meditate in Prince Li Xian. After Li Xian arrived, he led hundreds of officials to meet Wu Zetian at the Temple of Watching the Wind. Wu Zetian again? What about the Great Sage Emperor? .
On February 26th, the first year of Shenlong (65438+70516)1,Wu Zetian died in Xianju Hall of Shangyang Palace.
The main reason for Wu Zetian's natural death is that she complied with the wishes of most people in the world, did not launch a bloody battle for the prince, and made Lee the Crown Prince.
People's evaluation of Wu Zetian in past dynasties;
Li Jiang: There are many accusations among officials in later generations, but there are many choices among famous officials in Kaiyuan. Notes on the 22nd History
Lu Zongdao: The sinners in the Tang Dynasty were a dangerous country. Ouyang Xiu: The good or bad luck of a husband has a great influence on people. Good people get a lot of good or bad luck, while unfortunate people have it for fierce people. Evil people are worse than fierce people before they start work, but those who get away with it are sometimes embarrassed. The villain thinks that heaven is hard to know, doing good is not necessarily a blessing, and doing evil is not necessarily a curse. It is better to kill the evil of Wuhou, so-called escape.
Conclusion: After being forced to abdicate, Wu Zetian became the father of the emperor. First of all, she is very popular because she is talented in governing the country, promoting talents, developing the economy and encouraging agriculture, and her national life has been greatly improved. Secondly, she has been in office for decades and won the support of a large number of officials. Wu Zetian's influence and power in the imperial court is still very great. Don't say that the new emperor dare not kill her. Even if he did, Li Xian's ending would not be better than it is now. Finally, Wu Zetian was, after all, the mother of the new emperor Li Xian, and she was 82 years old, almost the oldest living environment at that time. Wu Zetian's body is aging and she is getting older, and her threat to Li Xian is getting weaker and weaker. In less than a year, Wu Zetian died.