What are the basic elements of the Book of Hutuluo?

The basic element of the Book of Hutuluo is that it is said that the river flows out of Turula, and the sage who published the book also said that heaven, earth, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten and five are equal, each with the sum of days, twenty days, five, thirty, fifty and fifty, so the number of ghosts and gods has changed, and the river map is different. The Origin of Taixuan and Yijing with five lines of gossip and Hetuluo. How did the ancients draw gossip according to the Hutu Luo Jing? A series of problems, for thousands of years, not only no one can explain clearly, but also covered with layers of fog. It can be said that the Hutuluo problem is the most controversial, complicated and confusing problem in the history of Yi-ology, but it is also the richest one. Although with the excavation of underground cultural relics, the problem has been clarified. For example, many Yi scholars believe that the river map and Luo Shu handed down from Song and Ming Dynasties began with the hands of Chen Tuan and others in the Five Dynasties, but this statement can no longer be established since 1977, when "Taiyi Jiugong Zhanpan" was unearthed from the tomb of Ruyinhou in the Western Han Dynasty in Shuangyudui, Fuyang, Anhui Province. Obviously, Chen Tuan's river map and Luo Shu both evolved from the model of former people, but the clues are hidden and not obvious. But the problems of Hetu and Luoshu themselves have not been solved. What does it have to do with gossip and Zhouyi? What about their original prototype? There are still many opinions. Some scholars trace their prototype back to the equilateral triangle pattern with conical dots on the slate unearthed in Xi 'an Banpo. However, this is only a tentative idea with a certain connection, and it is not clear that this pattern has anything to do with the origin of Bagua and Zhouyi. At present, some scholars still associate the river map and Luo Shu with the ancient people's observation of astronomical phenomena. Some people think that the river map is an instant instrument for measuring the sun in ancient times; Luo Shu covers the principles of astronomy and is an astronomical map. Wei Zhi's "Gem Negative Picture" is a comprehensive picture of Heluo Bagua, similar to a compass, with the magnetic needle in the center, followed by Bagua, and the outermost layer is 28 nights. Another view is that the occupations of Taiyi Jiugong are arranged according to the attributes of gossip and five elements. The names of the nine palaces and the solar terms of each palace are completely consistent with the first picture of the eight winds in the nine palaces of Lingshu. The engraving of the small disc is completely consistent with the river map and Luo Shu in the original meaning of Zhouyi. This is the hard evidence that there was a book called Hutuluo as early as the early Han Dynasty or the pre-Qin Dynasty. However, the eight diagrams comprehensive map of Hutuluo and the nine palaces printed by Taiyi Zhanpan mentioned here are not the original model of Hutuluo, let alone the basis for primitive ancients to draw hexagrams and write Yijing. Because the complete horoscope of 28 nights was first seen in Lu Chunqiu, the early statement that Taiyi Jiugong occupied the plate could only be formed in the late Warring States period, and the division of nine official solar terms should be completed in the Warring States period. According to the characteristics of Hutuluo in this period, it can only come from the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and the thought of divination and qi number, reflecting the specific features of this period. At the same time, under the cloak of theology, there is scientific content. If we follow the idea of astronomical observation, it is very likely that we will gradually approach the prototype model of Hetu and Luoshu. If this problem can be solved satisfactorily, it can be proved from the side that the sentence "Look up and down, take the near and take the far" in Cohesion Biography is not contradictory to the statement that "the river paints, Luo writes, and the sage writes". Because these two paragraphs all say the same thing, they all say that fortune tellers are inspired by astronomical phenomena. The only difference is that, first, fortune tellers get inspiration directly by looking up at the sky, and second, they get inspiration indirectly by looking up at the original graphics drawn by predecessors. Just like an ancient surgeon, his technology comes from his knowledge of the human body directly, and at the same time he is inspired by other people's original anatomical maps; The two are not only not contradictory, but also complementary. Therefore, when we investigate the river map and Luoshu, we should grasp the astronomical knowledge contained in them from their complicated contents. The record of the river map was found in the article Shangshu Gu Ming, and the river map was first put forward. According to records, when Zhou Kangwang acceded to the throne, among the furnishings of the east and west wing rooms, the west wing room was: Red Knife, Great Schoenberg, Red Bi and Wan Yan; The east wing rooms are: Dayu, Yuyi, Celestial Sphere and River Map. What is a river map is not clear, but the sundial and astronomical icon proposed by later generations are closer to the actual situation of the original object. These objects may still be primitive at that time, but because they are instruments for observing the sun, the sky and the earth, they are sacred and mysterious in the eyes of the ancients, so it is possible to display them with ancient jade representing the majesty of ancient kingship. The "celestial sphere" mentioned in Shangshu may also be an ancient primitive astronomical star map, which is close to the later Luo Shu. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hetu and Luoshu had begun to be related to the thought of destiny. Confucius traveled around the world, begging for officials everywhere. When he was dissatisfied, he lamented: "The wind bird has not arrived, and the river map has not been drawn. I am a husband." It seems that Hetu and Luoshu have been linked with the fate of great men. Later myths and legends, the book of Hutuluo was carried by a dragon, a horse and a tortoise from the river, adding more mystery. In the divination literature of Han Dynasty, there are 37 kinds of books about He Tuluo, such as Outline of River Map and Stone Opening of River Map, which are complicated and mysterious. There are nine kinds, such as True Du Yao in Luo Shu and LingZhun Listening in Luo Shu. There is also the Book of Heluo by Laozi and Confucius. These accounts for almost a quarter of the total number of recorded divination documents, which shows its extensive influence. Moreover, The Book of Hutuluo in this period is associated with astronomical images such as equator, ecliptic, Jiugong and Jiu Feng, which were popular in Han Dynasty. This is the content that later generations continue to add astronomical knowledge to the original work of Hutuluo. So, what is the material of Hutuluo's original pattern? To trace its origin, we must describe its historical background. China is one of the countries with the oldest astronomical development. In the Paleolithic Age, when collecting and hunting, the ancestors of China had a preliminary understanding of the natural laws such as the summer solstice, the lack of the moon, the sun's illumination, and the phenology of animals and plants. According to archaeology and literature, it can be inferred that by the middle of Neolithic Age, our ancestors had begun to observe the astronomical phenomena and determine the orientation. Calculate the time and divide the seasons. In many cultural sites in Peiligang and Banpo, houses and tombs have a certain orientation, and the sunlight has always been used to estimate the season of plant planting, growth and maturity. Obviously, the determination of orientation is of great significance to people's production and life. "River map is rooted in coffins" is not groundless speculation, but there is a certain historical legend for reference: "Harmony of Eight Styles and Eight Diagrams, Six people are divided into Six Righteousness. At that time, there was no book agreement, the sky was a picture, and the method was taken at the right time. Look at the five-star text and see the degree of the scene. The historical legend of "gathering ghosts and gods in temples, judging the terrain, deciding Sichuan and Guangdong, and marrying and cultivating human nature" has a strong mythical color, but it also reflects the true historical content. Ancient ancestors, without ancient rituals and original astronomical images, were always unable to observe and summarize astronomical geography, plan gossip and determine orientation. These may be the prototype materials of Hutulo's book. Judging from the stone carvings left over from the Han Dynasty, Fuxi and the mother snail often have rules engraved in their hands. Actually, it's the same. With primitive astronomical maps and rituals, the ancients can "manage the sky as a map, take the method at the right time, and regard the five-star literary talent as the degree of summer scenery" to summarize and plan the gossip images. The ancients had the idea of respecting heaven and earth, and naturally deified the original astronomical images and laws into sacred instruments. " "Photogrammetry" has a long history in China. As early as the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral period, people measured the orientation of grassland according to the sun shadow and planned farmland and houses. During the period of Gong Liu, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, it was recorded in this respect: Du Gong Liu was rich and long, beautiful and glorious, and watched his yin and yang and his flowing spring. Its army has three orders, which is the original. Tear the field for food, spend its sunset and live in seclusion. Obviously, as far away as Gongliu, we have attached great importance to measurement, and the scale of the project has amazed future generations. It can be seen that the "test" can be traced back to a further era. Hetu and Luoshu are also different in the records of various historical documents in later generations. If Mozi did not attack, he said, "The river is a green map, and the land is Huang Tu. In Shu Zhen Xun of Huai Nan Zi and He Tu Zuo Ting Tu, "He Tu" means "recording the map". This chart engraved with directions may be a "shadow sundial". There are round holes in the middle and around, which are used for each table. According to the center of the disk, it is advisable to set the watch once a week. If the watch points to the North Pole and the disk is parallel to the equator, so that the scenery of the watch matches the watch, you can know the time. The sundial began to spread widely in Qin and Han dynasties, and later it was discovered in kind. At present, Gaocheng Town, Dengfeng County, Henan Province still has a stargazing platform built in the Yuan Dynasty according to the standard viewing principle. Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory also keeps a classic of the orthodox period of the Ming Dynasty, which is the evidence of "sundial observation". Judging from the development of ancient astronomy, Confused Luoshu is not mysterious. The original materials of Hutuluo were related to the original astronomical images and the rules of observing images, and then gradually became religious and theological, and its form and content continued to develop and enrich. Later, with the passage of time and the further development of science and culture, Hutuluo had to change his form to meet the needs of the confluence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and the great integration of Neo-Confucianism. The book Hutuluo, which appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, is the theoretical product that adapts to this era. Ru Song believes that the essence of Hutuluo is hidden in its secret, which is the most important treasure in Yi-ology. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, all the Yi-ology masters, such as Fang Jing, Zheng Kangcheng, Wang Qiang and Han, did not understand it, and it was not until after the Five Dynasties that Ma Yi passed it on to Chen Tuan. Decision: "Wear one of the nine shoes, only seven in the third left, four in the second shoulder, eight in the sixth knee, fifteen in the vertical and horizontal direction, and the fifth one lives in their room. "The beauty of this painting lies in its crisscross, crisscross, and its number is fifteen. However, according to the Chronicle of the Buddha, "There was a cloud in the Han Dynasty, and its theory on the river map cloud: Taiyi took it and walked in Jiugong, with four positive and four dimensions all fifteen." Obviously, this statement has existed as early as the Han Dynasty. The river map in Song Dynasty was developed from Nine palace map, and it was also related to the knowledge of ancient astronomical phenomena. The idea of river map is a plane running map, but in Luo Shu, it has evolved into a three-dimensional running image. The book Hutuluo, which appeared in the Song Dynasty, has added new contents on the basis of synthesizing the thoughts of predecessors. It is an easy-to-learn image that integrates astronomy, human body, yin and yang and image number. It is a coordinate diagram of the rise and fall of Yin and Yang, a very wide metaphor, and also related to the ancient astronomical calendar. The dot in the middle of "Hu Luo Shu" represents Tai Chi, which is a mixed number, in which the black dot represents Yin and the white dot represents Yang. Yin number is two, four, six, eight; Yang's numbers are one, three, five, seven and nine. Odd and even numbers are interrelated, representing heaven and earth and implying the number of yin and yang in heaven and earth. The four points on the periphery of the center represent the southeast, northwest, spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the periphery is listed as gossip. The composition of the book of Hutuluo, the product of the son of black and white, adds up to 55, which is in harmony with heaven and earth. Five went for nothing, and fifty got in the "big number". This is consistent with the number of yin and yang in Yi Zhuan. In the Book of Changes, Heluo also pays attention to the collocation of Yin and Yang and the five elements. In Tai Xuan, Yang Xiong pointed out that 16 is water, 27 is fire, 38 is wood, 49 is gold and 50 is earth. One and six sects, two and seven are friends, three and eight are friends, four and nine are the same, and five and ten are * * *. Song Confucianism paid more attention to integrating the image of Heluo with the five elements, five directions and five times to show its balance and coordination. Wang Wen's divination the day after tomorrow matches the number of Heluo: 16 means that water lives in the north; Dangkan position; March 8 is Muju Cave, when the earthquake occurred; Erqi is the fire of the south, which is inappropriate; Forty-nine for gold in the west, when the exchange, dry position; Fifty in the soil, when Kun and Gen are prosperous, they are prosperous in children, ugliness and unfinished friends. Here, the Book of Hutuluo became the space-time coordinate of Gankun's transfer, and played a role in indicating the changes of seasons and stars. In a word, the content of Confused Luo Shu is very complicated, but its original prototype is related to the orientation of the sky.