Ask for the brief introduction and representative stories of two honest officials.

(63-7 AD), whose name was Huai Ying, was born in Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty. He took the Ming Classics (one of the subjects in the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty) and entered the official career. After entering politics, he experienced two eras: Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. He was appointed as Facao of Bingzhou Dudufu at the beginning, transferred to Dali Cheng, and was appointed as an imperial adviser. He served as the secretariat of Ningzhou and Yuzhou, assistant minister of local officials and so on. Di Renjie was an official, as Lao Zi said, "saints are fickle in heart, and people are at heart". In order to save the innocent, he dared to defy the monarch's will, and always maintained his true colors of caring for the people and not fearing power. He always lived above the temple and worried about the people, which was later called "the mainstay of the Tang Dynasty". He was appointed as Dali Cheng, who was in charge of criminal law. After one year in office, he handled more than 17, cases left over by his predecessor, and none of them appealed for redress. This shows that his fairness in handling affairs can be seen. Later generations have compiled many wonderful legends based on this, and even some people in the Netherlands have compiled a book "The Legend of the Judgment of Di Renjie in Datang".

Bao Zheng

Bao Zheng (999-162 AD), born in Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), was the most famous honest official in history. Since he was a teenager, he has been determined to contribute to the country and "do his best to die." The starting point of Bao Zheng's official career is the magistrate of a county, and later he served as a magistrate, a transshipment ambassador and other local administrative officials; He has served as a senior official in charge of state finance, such as the minister of supervision, the deputy history of the Ministry of Housing, and other military positions; As a diplomatic envoy to Liao state; The most famous is that he worked as a bachelor in Tianzhangge Daizhi and Longtuge, so later people called him Bao Daizhi, Bao Longtu and Bao Bachelor. Although he served as the magistrate in Kaifeng for just over a year, after his death, Kaifeng people built a Baogong Temple next to the Kaifeng government office to commemorate and worship him. Bao Zheng lived a clean and simple life, never paying attention to ostentation and extravagance. Even if he became a big official, he still wore the same clothes as when he was in cloth. I hate corruption, and I said in the play "Begging without taking bribes" to Injong that "the incorruptible is the appearance of the people"; Greedy people are thieves of the people. " He was strict with himself all his life. He was appointed as a magistrate in Duanzhou, rectifying bureaucracy and cracking down on corruption, which was well received by the people. When he left office, he refused politely, "I won't return without a inkstone"; He was selfless all his life, did not avoid powerful people, and enforced the law like a mountain. All illegal acts of royalty and eunuchs are strongly advocated to be brought to justice. Vigorously rehabilitating unjust imprisonment is the main content deeply praised and praised by the people before and after Bao Zheng's death. Bao Zheng was famous at that time and later generations, especially after his death, as a typical image of an honest official, he was greatly exaggerated by different genres of literary works, making it magical. With the development of international cultural exchange, Bao Zheng, a historical figure and artistic image, has won the world reputation. Although there is a great disparity between Bao Zheng in historical materials and the images in works of art, Bao Zheng's life can not only be appreciated by the feudal supreme rulers, but also be supported and loved by the lower classes in dire straits. As an honest official, it is indeed very typical. There is a story in "Two Moments of Surprise". When Zhu Xi was a magistrate in Chong 'an County, Fujian Province, one day he received a case, in which a Wang sued Da for encroaching on his ancestral grave. The ancients attached importance to geomantic omen, and Zhu Xi was a master of geomantic omen. At that time, there were many cases in which wealthy families occupied Wang's good grave, so Zhu Xi decided to check it himself. When you look at the tomb, it really is a treasure trove. The eldest son pleaded, "This was originally a newly built grave in my family. Look, my Lord, the soil is not dry yet. How can it become his ancestral grave?" Wang argued, "Although the tomb is new, it is newly built, and there is old soil under it, but it belongs to my family." Zhu Xi had a shovel to dig, and sure enough, he dug up a tombstone with the names of Wang's ancestors listed on it. Zhu Xi was furious when he saw it, and the tombstone was based on it. The irrefutable evidence was like a mountain. It must be that the surname was greedy for the good feng shui of Wang Zu's grave and maliciously occupied it. So he sentenced the eldest son to the crime of seizing farmland and gave the graveyard to Wang. Zhu Xi was very proud when he closed the case. He felt that "I am not the one who will do these good things?" Unexpectedly, the truth is another matter: it turned out that Wang knew that Zhu Xi had always targeted the rich and hated them for bullying the people, so he carved the bluestone into words, secretly buried it in the graveyard of Da Xing's family, and then complained. Zhu Xi really fell for it. Bao Zheng was also a famous official in the Song Dynasty, and an anecdote about him was recorded in Mengxi Bi Tan. When Bao Zheng was in Kaifengfu, someone broke the law and should be punished by the law. The man bribed a petty official to help him avoid the pain of this meal. The little official took the money and made an agreement with him: just shout out grievances when the court opens, and leave the rest to me. When the court opened, the man really cried out and cried out, and he could tell the difference. The petty official pretended to be impatient and shouted angrily, "Isn't it just a crutch? If you suffer, you will suffer. Why bother?" When Bao Zheng saw that the beadle was so overbearing, he was furious, and blamed him for it, but he was lenient in breaking the law. Although the petty officials were beaten, they got the money. The offenders paid the money and were spared a beating. Everyone won and Bao Zheng lost.

Hai Rui

Hai Rui (AD 1514-1587) was born in Qiongshan County, Hainan. The age in which he lived was the turning point of the Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline. The surface was flat, and there were dangers at that time. When Harry was young, he showed great concern for social problems. When he worked in the Ministry of Housing, out of concern for the financial resources of the country, Emperor Jiajing indulged in the construction of temples and temples in various places in order to remonstrate with Taoism and seek immortality wholeheartedly. As a six-product junior official, he was determined to die. This time, he presented the famous "speaking frankly about the first thing in the world", which was later called "Public Security". Harry was put in prison immediately after the presentation. Fortunately, Jiajing died soon, and the new emperor was pardoned by the persuasion of Prime Minister Xu Jie, and the official was reinstated, and he was gradually promoted to the post of Governor of Yingtian Ten Mansions. Later, he presided over the formulation of severe punishments such as "8-year-old corruption" in order to correct the current abuses and strictly enforce the law and discipline. He was selfless and showed no mercy to Xu Jie, the old prime minister who had always been kind to him. He returned the 4, mu of fertile land occupied by the Xu family to the original owner, and asked Xu Jie's two sons and more than 2 family members who had bullied the good people to blame according to the law. Looking at Hai Rui as an official, after Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli dynasties, he risked his life to remonstrate for many times. Although it was to safeguard the fundamental interests of feudal rule, he was strict in law enforcement, eliminating violence, living a clean life, sympathizing with the people, appealing to exile, paying attention to developing production, building water conservancy projects, limiting the endless exploitation of big landlords, and reforming backward customs and habits, etc., and his actions were widely supported by the people. Hai Rui, a great official in the Ming Dynasty, once developed a set of criteria for deciding cases: "Anyone who is suspicious in litigation would rather be his brother than his brother; It is better to bend his nephew than to bend his uncle; Rather than bend the poor, bend the rich; It is better to be stubborn than to be stupid and straightforward. The matter is to fight for the industry, instead of bending xiaomin, I would rather bend the township official to save the disadvantages. It' s a matter of arguing for appearance, and it' s better to bend the country than to bend the people to save the body. " The world is complicated, and Lord Hai is not Sherlock Holmes. When he encounters an unbreakable case, he simply leans towards the weak and thinks he feels at ease. Harry is by no means the only follower of this principle. Many officials have done this before and after him, and they have a unified title-"honest official".

Yu Chenglong

Yu Chenglong (1617-1684) was born in Yushan, Yongning, Shanxi (now Lishi, Lvliang). "Qing Duan", presented to Prince Taibao. In the 12th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1639), he was appointed as a deputy officer, and in the 18th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1661), he served as a magistrate, magistrate, Taoist priest, provincial judge, minister in charge, governor and governor-general, minister in charge of the Ministry of Armored Forces, and a university student. During his official career of more than 2 years, he was praised as "outstanding" three times. With his outstanding achievements and honest and hard life, he won the love of the people and the praise of Emperor Kangxi, and became famous in the ruling and opposition circles as "the first honest official in the world".

in the spring of the twentieth year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi praised him face to face as "the first honest official nowadays". Yu Chenglong always put the rectification of official management at the top of his work, and made an example of officials who bribed him during the Mid-Autumn Festival. When he went to Jiangnan, he visited the people on a "micro-trip" when he entered the country. Faced with the situation that "all officials and patients in counties and counties have accumulated disadvantages, but Jiangnan is particularly bad", he quickly promulgated the "Promoting Benefits and Eliminating Disadvantages". He is greedy and lenient and strict, and people say that wherever he goes, "officials watch the wind and change their practices."

Yu Chenglong's official rank is getting higher and higher, but life is even harder. In order to curb the luxury and corruption of the ruling class, he took the lead in practicing "those who serve the people must bow first and save servants." When he went to Zhili, he "mixed rice with crumbs for porridge and ate it with his servants". In Jiangnan, he "ate a bowl of porridge and a spoonful of porridge, and ate vegetables all year round." Therefore, Jiangnan people affectionately call him "Yu Qingcai". Under strict constraints, the officials of the governor's yamen said, "If you can't get vegetables and tea, you will spit out the leaves of Sophora japonica after picking them every day, and the trees will be bald." He has been an official for more than 2 years, living alone in the world, with no family, only one knot.