Brief introduction of Zhao Fan, one of the four great calligraphers in central Yunnan in Qing Dynasty.
The life of the character
teenagers
Zhao Fan, born in Hu Xiang Village, Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province, was called "Shi Chan Old Man" in his later years. 185 1 February 7th. Famous scholars, poets and calligraphers in modern history. Zhao Fan, who is rich in poetry and calligraphy, occupies a place in the modern cultural history of China. Calligraphy specializes in Yan and Liu, as well as He and Weng Xingkai, which can be described as Yan Gu and He Feng Weng Miao.
He studied with his father since he was a child and began to teach at the age of five. He is called a "child prodigy".
When Zhao Fan was 6 years old, Du Wenxiu rebels persuaded him to conquer Dali, Jianchuan and other places, and he took refuge with his family at the Jinsha River. Since then, Zhao Fan has been devoted to learning. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, general Zhang Runrong of Weixi served as the head of the shogunate. Although I am in the army, I still can't let go every day. Everywhere I go, I have to go to the book market first. After a long time and too many books, I had to borrow money to buy two ponies and take books with me.
imperial examination system
The 22-year-old Zhao Fan took the imperial examination for the first time and achieved excellent results, that is, he entered the city to make up his life.
1875 took the rural examination and won the fourth place in Yunnan province.
Emperor Guangxu (1875) was a juren. He used to be a provincial judge in Sichuan province and an official in southern Sichuan.
From 1875 to 1893, Zhao Fan went to Beijing to take the exam six times, and all of them fell in Sun Shan.
During his six trips to Beijing and Yunnan, Zhao Fan was able to visit famous mountains and scenic spots, ancient temples and old temples in detail. Everywhere he goes, he especially likes to look at the calligraphy and painting of his predecessors and try to figure out how to pay his respects. I also wrote many landscape poems. At the same time, Zhao Fan witnessed the sufferings of the people and angrily wrote many sad poems. Such as Guanyin Map and Children's Songs (see Hu Xiang Village Poetry). )
1875, Yimen scholar Zhao Fan, later assisted by Yungui satrap Cen. During this period, Zhao Fan used his spare time to concentrate on practicing calligraphy. In A.D. 1888, Cen Yu Ying rebuilt the Daguanlou. Seeing Zhao Fan's vigorous brushwork, he asked him to write the couplet of Sun Ranweng Daguanlou. After years of change, this couplet is still hanging on the Daguanlou.
1893
Zhao Fan was appointed by his superiors to Zhilifu, Youyang, Sichuan, and has been traveling in Sichuan since 15. When he was an official in Sichuan, he acted impartially and was called "Zhao Qingtian" by the people. During his tenure in Zhili Prefecture, Zhao Fan visited the countryside every month, and every trip did not disturb the people. When the city was flooded, Zhao Fan donated his salary to help the victims.
1900
Distribute Sichuan candidates with the title of Taoist priest. 190 1 In winter, An Baili and the Red Lantern Uprising in Sichuan were in the ascendant, and the Qing Dynasty sent Minister of State Cen Chunxuan to Sichuan as the governor. After Cen came to power, he besieged the Red Lantern and killed Liao Jiumei, the popular leader of the Red Lantern. Zhao Fan used to be the first teacher in Cen Chunxuan, but as a subordinate at this time, he was unable to persuade. I had to find another way and write a couplet with a sarcastic pen: "If you can attack his heart, you will be self-defeating. Since ancient times, you have known that soldiers are not good at fighting; If you don't judge the situation, it is wrong to combine leniency with severity. In the future, you should think hard about governing Shu. " Carved and hung in Zhuge Liang Hall of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. Later, Cen was specially invited to Wuhou Temple for dinner, so that Cen could read couplets. During the period of 15, he served as magistrate of Youyang, salt tea ceremony, Yongning road and Sichuan provincial judge. Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan, wantonly killed revolutionaries. Zhao Fan was deeply dissatisfied and insisted on not killing indiscriminately. 1908, Xie Fengqi, a member of the League, attempted an uprising in Xufu and was arrested. Zhao Fan tried his best to rescue him, but failed. He resigned and went back to Li. 19110 After Wuchang Uprising, Zhao Fan, who was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown, accepted the telegram from Cai E and Li Genyuan declaring Yunnan independence and arrived in Dali. With the help of Qu Tongfeng and the landlords and gentry, the Military Association established the "Western Autonomous Organs Department" in Dali, and more than 1,000 people from all walks of life elected Zhao Fan as prime minister.
19 13 spring
19 13 was elected as a member of the house of representatives and entered Beijing to preside over the provisional parliament. Soon after, he was arrested by Yuan Shikai for writing a poem satirizing current affairs, and fled back to Yunnan to celebrate and participate in planning the anti-Yuan national protection movement launched by his protege Cai E and others.
19 17 represents Governor Tang of Yunnan and Guizhou as the Minister of Communications of Guangzhou Garrison, and the National Assembly opens. Zhao Fan was elected to the House of Representatives.
19 18 in July, the grand marshal system was changed to "seven presidents collegiate system", and Tang was elected president, and Zhao Fan was invited to attend the government affairs meeting as a representative. The army was appointed minister of communications. He carefully planned, put forward the southwest railway scheme, and urged the north and south to negotiate peace. Later, due to the destruction of the warlord section in western Anhui, no agreement was reached, so he resigned and returned to Yunnan to take charge of the Yunnan Library. Collect Bai Xiangshan's words, "I specialize in books and come to find landscapes at leisure" to show my determination to write and stop asking about politics.
1920 Resigned and returned to Yunnan as the director of Yunnan Provincial Library, and never held public office again. Li Genyuan, Cai E, Zhou Zhongyue and so on. , are modern celebrities.
work
The book collection is rich, and Deng Bangshu's Biography of Mr. Xiong Wen Zhao Gong in Biography of Southern Yunnan Monument says that "there are hundreds of biographies of classics and history, all of which are comprehensive and detailed, with tens of thousands of books, which are approved by many hands." Today, the records of inscriptions in the Han Dynasty, the detailed descriptions of imperial edicts and the poems of Mu Zeng, the chieftain of Lijiang River in the Ming Dynasty, all have their collection seals: Zhao Fan sealed the letter, the official name was Sunset, Xi 'an, Zhao Fan and Zhao Family in Jianchuan. In his later years, he devoted himself to cultural undertakings and cared about the collection of local documents. He compiled Yunnan Series and other books, collected local documents from all over the province, and collected Yunnan ancient and modern works 2 1 1 species, 163 1 volume and 5 1 volume. Zhao Fan wrote a lot in his life, including the first Hu Xiang Village Poetry Collection, the second Hu Xiang Village Poetry Collection and Hu Xiang Village Miscellaneous Collection. Couplets include Collection of Jiean Poetry, Continuation of Jiean Poetry, and Continuation of Jiean Poetry. It is wrong to combine leniency with severity without judging the situation. You should think hard about governing Shu in the future. "This is from Zhao Fan's hand. Zhao Fan is also very accomplished in calligraphy. He lives in Yan Zhenqing and Qiannanyuan. He is vigorous and agile in the South Garden and has his own style of writing. He was one of the four great calligraphers in central Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty. Now it's hanging in Daguanlou, Kunming. Sun Ranweng's The First Long Couplet of Ancient and Modern Times was written by Zhao Fan at the age of 38 at the invitation of Cen Yu Ying, Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou.
Zhao Fan devoted himself to study, and all the subsets of classics and history, Bai Juyi's essays, ancient and modern articles, epigraphy and literature were all extensively studied, and they were all studied in detail. I have been paying attention to the literature of Yunnan and Sichuan, and I am particularly familiar with the anecdotes of the two provinces (Yunnan and Sichuan). His books are highly praised by the world, especially the calligraphy of poems. Contemporary people admire Confucianism and must regard it as a teacher. According to "Selected Poems of Eight Poets in Yunnan", Zhao Fan "delved into poetry, followed his will, stretched out the paper and absorbed it, and immediately became a poem. From Tongzhi Jiazi (1864) to Ding Mao (1927) in the Republic of China, there are more than 70 volumes of poems, not less than tens of thousands, especially when he was released. " Zhao Fan's joint works are concentrated in Xiesentence Continuation and Banknotes, with 542 records. He recited the alliance of Zhuge Liang Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, "If you can attack his heart, you will be self-defeating, knowing from ancient times that soldiers are not good at fighting;" If we don't judge the situation, that is, it is a mistake to combine leniency with severity, then we should think deeply about the problem of governing Shu. "From the height of historical materialism, gave zhuge liang a dialectical and realistic evaluation, * * * chairman praised it. The first episode of Lecture Room "Yi Zhongtian Pinsan Kingdom" also has wonderful comments on this.
Zhao Fan's calligraphy is vigorous and attractive to Yan. He wrote the famous Changlian of Kunming Daguanlou and the plaque of Jin Dian Archway. There are Mo Bao in the forest of steles of Tan Hua Temple in Kunming, Erwang Temple in Dujiangyan and Yin Qing Pavilion in Lingyun Temple in Leshan. Zhao Fan's works are quite rich, including 20 volumes of Military History of Xian Tong in Central Yunnan, 64 volumes of poems, 8 volumes of ci, 4 volumes of Bieji, Filial Piety 12, Inscription and Postscript of Stone Painting Calligraphy 12, and Xiean Branch. In particular, 205 kinds of Yunnan Series (volume 1402) edited by him in his later years is a valuable literary heritage, which took four years of hard work. 1927 died in Kunming apartment on September 26th at the age of 76.
Relics and cultural relics
Located in Jin Huashan, Jianchuan, the tomb of Zhao Fan, a politician, calligrapher and poetry couplets in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, has been announced by the people of Yunnan Province as a key cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan Province. Zhao Shiming, the former Dujiangyan water conservancy supervisor, wrote an inscription on the tombstone: "Observing its course, the right helps it change. Shu is in charge of the supervision department, the Guangdong headquarters, cultivating talents and training documents. He is the leader of Yunnan scholars and the temple of Qing Confucianism." In just 32 words, Zhao Fan's life is summarized, which is intriguing. Similarly, the epitaphs of Wang Zaomei and Guo Fengxiang after Zhao Fan's tomb are also intriguing to read. Wang Zaomei's epitaph says: "Wang Zaomei, whose real name is Lian Yi, was born on the third day of September in 1853 and died in the winter of 1926. /kloc-married Zhao Fan, alias Taiyuan Jun, in 0/873, taking Xiaoouboge as the fasting name. She is clever, kind and sensible. The couple have deep feelings and often sing with poetry. " Guo Fengxiang's epitaph said: "Guo Fengxiang was born in Xichang, alias He Yangjun,129, and died on May 2,19. From 65438 to 0894, Yang Xiaoquan, the magistrate of Longan, was from Lijiang. Seeing that Zhao Fan lived alone in Sichuan, no one took care of his daily life and diet, he introduced his niece Guo Fengxiang as Zhao Fan's side room. She is considerate and polite, and has been with Zhao Fan for 26 years. She is careful, considerate and affectionate. "It can be seen that Zhao Fan's thorough study of Confucian classics and profound knowledge and accomplishment have made him a leader in Yunnan's historical and cultural celebrities, which is inseparable from Wang Zaomei, Guo Fengxiang and others' choice to sacrifice their obscure encouragement and support for Zhao Fan's career. Guangludi, Ximen Street, Jinhua Town, Jianchuan, one of Zhao Fan's former residences, is a deep and charming residence, where Zhao Fan Ceng returned to Jianchuan to meet his parents. There is a big mahogany plaque on the tall and wide door of the house, engraved with the three characters "Guangludi", which was inscribed by Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty for Zhao Fan. Sitting on the left and right sides of Zheng 'an Hall facing south, the woodcut hall couplets are:
"Virtue is expensive, industry is rich, courtesy is safe, and learning is elegant; Thick is better than thin, square is better than round, and Ning Zhuo is not smart, so he would rather be simple than flashy. "
The first half of the couplet reads: "The third son is connected with Yuan, and the eldest son, Sun Fan, is ordered to honour the book". Fan is Zhao Fan. Lianyuan is Zhao Lianyuan, Zhao Fan's father. Zhao Lianyuan spent his whole life teaching in libraries and cultivating talents. After his death, people with lofty ideals set up a monument of moral education for him. Unfortunately, only the first pair of couplets was kept, and the second pair was burned during the Cultural Revolution. In view of Zhao Fan's outstanding contributions to the Revolution of 1911 and the movement to protect the country and protect the law during his tenure as the Minister of Communications of the Southern Army, and the open and harmonious humanistic environment in Jianchuan is fertile ground for Zhao Fan's growth, Li once wrote the Chinese character "an old man in southern Yunnan" and hung it in the middle hall of Guangludi, which is even more famous. Guangludi is also the place where the Northwest Yunnan prefectural committee carried out revolutionary activities. Northwest Yunnan Daily and People's Daily edited by the underground party are published here. After liberation, thanks to the protection of residents Duan Yaoquan and Wu Jipeng and farmers Li Hong and Luo, Guanglu land and some precious cultural relics have been preserved to this day.