endangered species of animals

First,? Ancient National Treasure: Giant Panda? English: Giant? Panda? Scientific name: Ailurpoda? Melanoma? The giant panda is a carnivore and mainly eats bamboo. It is not only rare, endangered and special, but also very old, so it is called "living fossil". At the same time, ancient animals such as saber-toothed tiger, mammoth and giant tapir were extinct due to glacier invasion, but the giant panda survived by retreating into the valley. Now it is only distributed in the green hills and bamboo forests of about 40 counties in China, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu, and lives in seclusion. Legend has it that in the past, giant pandas were white. At an animal funeral, in order to express their grief, they painted coal ash on their arms and hugged each other, forming a black color that extended to their backs, wiping their tears and blackening their eyes ... This is of course a fabrication, but giant pandas, like many animals, are on the verge of extinction. The reason is nothing more than the expansion of human activities, which makes it retreat to the top of the mountain, isolated in distribution, poor in food and spouse resources, serious in inbreeding, poor in physique and weak in disease resistance. At present, the total is only 1000, which is listed as. First-class protected animals, IUCN Red Book Endangered Species. As China's "national treasure" and "friendship ambassador", china wildlife conservation association and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) chose it as the emblem.

Second, the nose is blue: golden monkey? English name:? Snnb-nosed？ Gold? Monkeys? Scientific name: Rhinpitheius? Ascleinae? China golden monkeys include Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. Because Yunnan golden monkeys live in the distant snow-capped mountains and fir forests in Yunnan, the number is only over 1,000. Guizhou golden monkey only exists in Fan Jing, Guizhou, and the number is only over 700. The familiar Sichuan golden monkey and Sichuan golden monkey are distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei and Gansu, living in mountainous areas and living in groups. Wearing a golden cloak, climbing trees, jumping and prancing. When the golden monkey was first named, because of its upturned nose and golden hair, Mr. Edward, a zoologist, thought of Rocina, the wife of the European Crusader Commander, so he gave the golden monkey a beautiful name (see the scientific name of the golden monkey). ? Golden monkey belongs to primate, monkey family and golden monkey genus. In this golden monkey genus, there is another golden monkey family outside China, namely Vietnamese golden monkey. This is a small long-tailed vegetarian monkey with a black abdomen and light yellow limbs. 19 10 years was discovered and disappeared for half a century. 1989 discovered that there are only 200 monkeys living in northern Vietnam. All three golden monkeys are first-class protected animals. Yunnan golden monkey and Guizhou golden monkey belong to "endangered" in IUCN Red Book, while Sichuan golden monkey belongs to "vulnerable" (Vietnamese golden monkey is extremely dangerous). ? They are all threatened by poaching, logging, deforestation and habitat retreat, which can be described as "the tree falls apart"!

Third,? Yangtze monster: baiji dolphin? English name: Yangzi? River? Dolphin Scientific name: Lipotes? vexlifer？ The baiji dolphin is an endemic aquatic animal in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. There are more than 70 species of dolphins in the world, only 5 species of freshwater, and China is the only freshwater whale. Narrow distribution, older and rarer than giant pandas. Baiji dolphin has a graceful figure, smooth skin, a sword-like kiss and a spindle shape. Eyes as small as beans, ears as small as needles, there are more than 130 small teeth in the upper and lower jaws, and there is a round nostril in the upper left of the head. Although the audio-visual ability is not good, the sonar system is developed, and the ultrasonic echo positioning ability is beyond the reach of any modern submarine. When the group is dispersed, they can use high-frequency sonar to get in touch with their companions more than ten kilometers away. ? The baiji dolphin was named after the first specimen collected by French zoologist Miller in Dongting Lake in 19 18. In fact, China people have already described it, such as Er Ya in Han Dynasty and Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Songling even wrote a love story between Bai Qiulian and the sunset in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, and Bai Qiulian was the embodiment of the baiji. ? Baiji dolphin is a beautiful and legendary animal, which is doomed to extinction in our hands. It is called "a living and dead species" by international conservationists. At present, there is only one artificially raised, named Qiqi. Reclaiming land from lakes, harmful fishing gear, damming, busy shipping, fishing and serious pollution are all threatening its survival. It has been listed as an "extremely endangered" species in the IUCN Red Book, and it is also a first-class protected animal in China. ?

Fourth, the soul of China: South China Tiger? English name: Chinese? Tiger? Scientific name: Panthera? Tigris? Amoyensis? South China Tiger, English name "Chinese Tiger", is a subspecies endemic to China. It was originally the most widely distributed, largest in quantity and smaller in scale in China, but the oldest in qualification. There is only one kind of tiger in the world, both of which are produced in Asia. In the last century, there were eight subspecies of Bengal tiger, Northeast tiger, Java tiger, South China tiger, Lihai tiger, Bali tiger and Sumatra tiger, but the last three subspecies became extinct one after another. China's Xinjiang tiger (which subspecies is unknown) became extinct in the early 20th century. ? The male weight of South China Tiger is about 149-225 kg, and the female weight is about 90- 120 kg. Although it is not the biggest, it has a lasting influence on China's national culture. People talk about it, fear it, respect it, and think that "tigers eat people" is deeply rooted. But as a result, the tiger was almost eaten up by humans. South China tigers are in an endangered state, with about 20 wild tigers distributed on isolated islands and few prey. The 50 animals raised artificially are close relatives, and the degradation phenomenon is very obvious. ? We can't even protect this big cat, which is a symbol of the national spirit of "tiger and tiger" and "dragon and tiger leap". Can we still protect ourselves? The disappearance of the tiger will herald the loss of human soul. ? Tigers have several peculiar colors, such as the white tiger in Leyva, Madhya Pradesh, Hei Hu in Dongling, Hebei, China (extinct at the end of 19), and the blue tiger in Fujian, China (extinct). South China Tiger is listed as "endangered" by IUCN Red Book, which is a first-class protected animal in China.

5. Pearl of the Orient: Zhu? English name: Crested? Ibis? Scientific name: Nipponia? Libang? To ask what is the rarest bird in China, crested ibis should be among the best. This beautiful wading bird, praised by zoologists as the "Oriental Pearl", is a kind of bird that people once thought was extinct. They were originally unique birds in East Asia, only found in China, North Korea,? And Russia, but they all disappeared after the 1960s. Did Zhu really disappear? In the late 1970s, ornithologists in China began to look for crested ibis. 198 1 year, two nests of ***7 crested ibis were finally discovered in Yaojiagou, Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province, which caused a sensation in the world. ? The crested ibis survived because there are natural conditions suitable for its survival in the deep mountains of Yangxian County, one is the condition of foraging in wetlands, the other is the condition of eating big trees and nesting; People here didn't cut down the forest because they respected the graves of their ancestors, which provided this strange bird with a chance to survive. The high endangerment of crested ibis is related to over-hunting, sharp decline of forests and extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. ? According to a superstitious legend, Zhu is "? Literally, the word "bird" is an extinct bird because it consists of the word "four" and the word "mourning". How can the "bird of death" never stop? However, the people of Yangxian county did not believe in evil and paid a huge price for the protection of crested ibis. In crested ibis' feeding ground, they don't use pesticides and fertilizers, don't catch loaches and frogs, and let crested ibis come and go. At the beginning of the new century, the number of crested ibis in China has reached 248, which can be said to have got rid of the doom of extinction or even high endangered. IUCN Red Book "Endangered".

Sixth,? A national bird: brown eared pheasant? British name: Brown? Ears? Pheasant? Scientific name: cross-border? mantchuricum？ Brown eared pheasant is a rare bird, which is found in Pangquangou, Shanxi, China, Xiaowutai Mountain, Hebei and Mentougou, Beijing. Because its ears are like long horns and have two white ear feathers, some people call it horn chicken or ear chicken. The tail feather hangs down like a ponytail, hence the name horse. There are four species of Equus, all of which are produced in China, namely kurama, White Horse, Blue Horse and Brown Horse. ? Although brown-eared pheasant is called chicken, its feathers are dark brown and shiny, which is naturally more magical. It is brave and good at fighting, and would rather die than surrender. In Pangquangou Brown Pheasant Nature Reserve in Shanxi Province, farmers saw the scene of brown Pheasant fighting with eagle. The two birds twisted into a ball and rolled around. The eagle's claws caught the chicken's neck, and the chicken's claws caught the eagle's eyes. It's tragic that both sides lost. It is precisely because brown-eared pheasants are brave and aggressive that it was recorded in China as early as the Han Dynasty that they decorated their tail feathers with military commanders' helmets to show their bravery. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the warrior corps commander wanted to be crowned with "feather". Cao * once said: "The brown-eared pheasant is fierce and will die, which makes people take it as the crown." ? Li Mingzhizhen said in Compendium of Materia Medica that brown-eared pheasants "eat together, and those who are invaded fight for straightness, although they are worried about death". (Brown-eared pheasant was called "stork" in ancient times) The form of giving its feathers to military commanders is called "crown system". This feather hat was honored until the Qing Dynasty. Brown-eared pheasant is as famous as the giant panda in the world, and has been put on its emblem by the World Pheasant Association. Many zoologists suggested that brown eared pheasant should be the national bird of China. At present, brown-eared pheasant belongs to "endangered" category in IUCN Red Book, which is a first-class protected animal.

Seven,? Heritage species: alligator? English name: Chinese? Crocodiles? Scientific name: alligator? Chinese turtle? Chinese alligator is the only crocodile species in China. There are 25 kinds of crocodiles in the world, and China only has bay crocodiles and Chinese alligators. However, as the largest crocodile (10 meter long), the Gulf crocodile became extinct hundreds of years ago. The Chinese alligator is unique to China and the only surviving species distributed in temperate zones from ancient north. As a reptile, the Chinese alligator is 2 meters long. It is good at swimming and inhabits the water. Its nest is in shallow rivers, lakes and grasslands with dense vegetation. In winter, the Chinese alligator hides in an underground cave, which is 2-3 meters deep and has 1-3 exits. There are ventilation holes at the top of the cave. This cave is a tunnel several meters to 20 meters long, which is covered with dead wood and weeds. It enters the breeding season in May and June, and lays eggs in July and August, and the eggs are as white as eggs. After hatching two months later, the baby crocodile is very weak and is often threatened by other animals. ? Chinese alligator, the staple food is snails, frogs, shrimps, crabs, fish, rats, birds and so on. When you meet bigger prey, you will be hit by their thick tails, and you can stay away from food for a long time after a full meal. At present, due to the serious destruction of wetlands in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, rivers and lakes are surrounded by farmland, and wild populations are extremely scarce, and artificial reproduction is quite successful. IUCN Red Book of IUCN "Extremely Dangerous"? . First-class protected animals.

Eight,? Plateau God Bird: Black-necked Crane? English name: black-necked crane? Crane? Scientific name: Grus? Nigri collis? Black-necked crane is the only plateau crane in the world, a god bird in the eyes of Tibetan people, and the latest crane recorded among 15 kinds of cranes in the world. On 1876, it was discovered in Qinghai Lake, China by Russian explorer Puge Varski. Black-necked cranes breed in Tibet in summer, migrate to Yunnan and Guizhou in winter, and a few fly over the Himalayas to Bhutan for the winter. The neck, tail and wing feathers of the black-necked crane are all black, the body is gray, and there is also a red top on its head, but it is not as obvious as the red-crowned crane. ? As a bird inhabiting the plateau meadow swamp, it once lived and flew in the "unattainable" Yunnan-Guizhou Tibet, and it will not compete with the world. However, in recent years, the development of wetlands and the drainage of swamps have made these plateau wading birds face the threat of losing their homes. ? According to the survey of the International Crane Foundation, Tibet has the largest population of black-necked cranes in China and even in the world, with an estimated 4,000. At present, it has been listed as a vulnerable and first-class protected animal by IUCN Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Nine,? Xue wyndell dichinson: Tibetan antelope? English name: Tibetan? Antelope? Scientific name: Pantholops? Hodgson. Tibetan antelope has attracted worldwide attention in recent years. The main reason is that the consumption demand of the western fashion circle "shahtoosh" since 1980 has stimulated poachers to kill for money. In addition, some gold miners are also killing on a large scale, resulting in a decrease of nearly 10,000 Tibetan antelopes living in extremely cold areas, reaching the limit of their lives. In order to crack down on poaching, the forestry police, the anti-poaching force in Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet, have been fighting for the protection of wild animals such as Tibetan antelope in recent years, among which the "Wild Yak Team" is the best, and two of them have dedicated their lives to it. ? Tibetan antelope is an endemic species in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, belonging to Artiodactyla and Bovidae, which is closely related to the high-nosed antelope that has just been extinct for half a century in China. There were millions of Tibetan antelopes, also known as unicorns, a century ago. Known by Tibetans as friends of geese, they run like flies on the plateau, which is difficult for wolves to catch up with, but poachers equipped with cars and guns can kill them to pieces. At present, there are less than 70,000 Tibetan antelopes in China, but due to illegal trade and slaughter, their number has dropped sharply year by year, and they are currently listed as. The first-class protected animals are "endangered" in the IUCN Red Book. ?

Ten,? Recover: "four unlike" elk? English name: Pere? David's deer? Scientific name: Elaphurus? David Yunus? "Four Elephants" is the common name of elk. As a unique wetland deer in China, it became extinct in China in 1900. Fortunately, there are a few in Europe, and only 18 is preserved in Wubang Temple in England. After a century of protection, the population has recovered. 1985 returned to Nanhaizi, Beijing, which is the origin of the type specimens of elk species (1865 was discovered by the French missionary David) and the location of the Royal Hunting Park in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Elk is a wetland animal. Due to the adaptation to the wetland habitat, a special form has been formed, that is, the so-called "four unlike", with horns like deer instead of deer, face like horse instead of horse, hoof like cow and tail like donkey. ? China elk returned to 38 in the first batch from 1985, and after stocking in Nanhaizi 1,000-mu deer park in Beijing, they gradually multiplied and moved to Shishou, Hubei Province, on the bank of the Yangtze River, successfully completing the project of returning to the wild. In addition, the elk along the Yellow Sea in Dafeng, Jiangsu Province are also booming. In addition, the number of elk raised in more than 20 zoos in China has reached 1 1,300 by the beginning of 2006. The success of the restoration and release of elk is an achievement of wildlife protection in China. It is not only a living teaching material for patriotism education, but also an important example to show the public the possibility and necessity of coordinated development between man and nature. ? Elk is a first-class protected animal, IUCN Red Book, which is extremely dangerous.

One by one is so precious. As the tallest creatures on earth, we must take good care of them!