Zhao mausoleum's Mid-Autumn Festival Visit to Ancient China in Hetuala City of Manchu and Qingling Mausoleum.
These two days are the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the arrangements are in a hurry. I was afraid I didn't have time to write this travel note. But a little brother said that just looking at the shared photos may not know the subsequent history and story, and he is not deeply impressed. So after careful consideration, I decided to write down this travel experience, and by the way, tell the stories of Hetuala City, Qing Yongling and zhao mausoleum, the hometown of Manchu.
The entrance fee for Hetuala City is 6 yuan per person, which can last about 2 hours. If you catch the enthronement ceremony at 2 pm every day, you can stay for another hour. And there are both sides, so you can turn around as a whole, and it takes about 3 hours to turn around as a whole. The current ticket for Qingyongling is 5 yuan/person, and 5 yuan parking fee will be charged. However, there are not many people, so you can feel that kind of sadness quietly, and also feel the ancestral land that the Qing Dynasty painstakingly sought.
since these places of interest are all about Manchu in Qing dynasty, we should also give a brief introduction to the history and stories of Manchu. Speaking of it, Manchu is not the original name of this tribe. The name of Manchu only appeared in the late Ming Dynasty. But the history of Manchu development is very long. The Sushen people, the Yilou people, the Buji people, the Ji people and the Jurchen people who lived between Baishan and Heishui in history were all ancestors of Manchu in different periods (among them, the Jurchen of Jin State, which was destroyed by Mongolians in the early 13th century, was the direct ethnic origin of Manchu). By the early Ming Dynasty, the jurchen, who were originally scattered in the Songhua River, Heilongjiang River and Wusuli River basins with yilan county in Heilongjiang Province as the center, reached the seaside in the east. Due to the development of social productive forces, as well as the desire for plunder and exchange between the Ming Dynasty and North Korea, they gradually formed a new alliance and began to move south frequently. Redistributed around Changbai Mountain and in the eastern and northern parts of Liaoning Province, most of them settled, and farming was the main industry. Later, Nuerhachi unified the ministries of Nuzhen and established the "Post-Jin Kingdom", thus completing the great cause of Manchu reunification. In 1635, Huang Taiji abolished the old name of Nuzhen, and the clan was named "Manchuria", referred to as Manchu for short. In history, Wan Yan's family of the Jin State in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, which everyone heard, was also a jurchen, that is, a Manchu later. Wan Yan, who joined the Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty and was managed, is now a Manchu. Wan Yan's family who did not join the Eight Banners, especially the Wan Yan's family who lived in the Pass, was registered as Han nationality and other nationalities in the census and migration over the years. Now, among the Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Hui nationalities, Wan Yan's family exists. Therefore, the whole history of Manchu is still very long, but there is no general name for each period. It was not until later that Nuerhachi unified all the tribes of Jurchen that Manchu was truly unified.
? Hetuala City
So when we talk about Nurhachi, we must talk about Nurhachi's birthplace, the city he built, and the place where Nurhachi ascended the throne and became a great Khan of the post-Jin State. This city is the city of Hetuala.
hetuala city is located on the south bank of Suzi river, 16km west of Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County in Fushun City, Liaoning Province and 4km east of Yongling Town. It is the first capital of the late Jin Dynasty, the last mountain city in China history, the first national capital established by Nuerhachi, the Qing Taizu, and the most well-preserved mountain city of Jurchen nationality. It is regarded as the birthplace of the Qing dynasty and the cradle of the rise of Manchu. It is of great historical value to the study of the history before the Qing Dynasty. "Hetuala" is Manchu, which means "Henggang" in Chinese, that is, a flat-topped hill. In fact, it is also built on the cross-hills. "There are thousands of winding waters and hundreds of mountains", holding the mouth of the ancient city wall and looking at it from afar, you can easily imagine the state of mind that Emperor Kangxi came here when he visited the east to worship his ancestors.
There are not many historical sites in the city today, but the outline of the whole city, some relics, the Great Khan Palace, the birthplace of Nurhachi, and some ruins of the Eight Banners' yamen can still infer the inheritance laid here by this ambitious master.
the city of hetuala consists of an inner city and an outer city, in which the "Khan palace yamen" located in the north of the city is the "heart" of the city. It wants to be called the Golden Luan Hall, also known as the Hall of Honor, which is the place where the Jin regime was called Khan after the establishment of Nurhachi in 1616. In the meantime, I saw the octagonal cornices rising into the sky, the throne and the imperial case shining and magnificent. On the first day of the first month in 1616, under the scene that all parts of Northeast China were covered with snow and ice, the atmosphere in this city built by Nurhachi was warm and dignified. Nurhachi was full of lofty sentiments and ascended the throne here, calling himself Khan, naming the country as Houjin and the year as Destiny. Nurhachi strategized here, gave orders, governed state affairs, studied military aircraft and accepted surrender, which laid a solid foundation for marching into Liaoning and Shenyang to unify the northeast Jurchen. On April 13, 1618, Nurhachi burned incense to the sky with the "seven great hates" and vowed to cut down the Ming Dynasty. In the second year (February 1619), the Ming Dynasty sent 8, soldiers and horses to besiege Hetuala, claiming to be 47, troops. At that time, there were only 6, soldiers and horses in Nurhachi. After weighing the enemy and ourselves, we adopted the strategy of "relying on several routes, I will only go all the way" to defeat the Ming army with fewer victories. This is the famous Salhu War in history. After Nurhachi made his capital here, he was not satisfied with the status quo. He moved to Jiefan City and Salhu City, moved to Liaoyang in 1621 and made his capital in Shenyang in 1625. Among these capitals, Hetuala City is called the Old City.
Fortunately, when I visited the Great Khan Palace yamen on the same day, I happened to catch up with the performance of "Great Khan Ascending to the Throne" in the scenic spot. Although it was only a somewhat crude antique performance, I could also get a glimpse of the ambition of Nuerhachi to lead his people out of the black water of Baishan when he was called Khan here, and the lofty sentiments of a hero in troubled times. Through the scenes of that performance, we can learn a little about the history of the rules of the Jurchen nationality in those days.
when emperor Qianlong came here on an east tour, he wrote a poem in his own handwriting, saying, "Hetu Ala will make Beijing prosperous, and the city will be built by the trees and fences on the mountain, and the autumn wind will ride a horse to read it, and Zhaoji will build Qin Longxing.". This shows the grand occasion of this city and its important position in the history of Qing Dynasty.
qingyongling
coming out of hetuala city, it is natural to go to qingyongling. The distance between the two places is not far, and it takes about 15 minutes by car.
The Qing Yongling Mausoleum is the ancestral tomb of the Qing Dynasty. From the perspective of geomantic omen, it is the gathering place of the dragon spirit in the Qing Dynasty. Located at the foot of Qiyun Mountain in the northwest of Yongling Town, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, it faces Suzi River in the south and Yantong Mountain in the opposite direction. There are Timur, the sixth ancestor of Nurhachi, buried in the mausoleum, as well as his first Fujin (the first emperor of Zhaozu), his great-grandfather Fuman (the first emperor of Xingzu) and his first Fujin (the first queen of Xingzu), his grandfather Juechang 'an (the first emperor of Jingzuyi) and his first Fujin (the first queen of Jingzuyi), and his father Tucker (the first emperor).
At that time, the Qing Emperor Yong Ling was a place where dragons gathered. Many emperors visited here to worship their ancestors. From 1682 to 1829, emperors Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang visited Yong Ling for nine times. But now it's a bit shabby. Although it's a cultural relic protection unit, it's still a bit bleak. Only when Manchu descendants have grand sacrificial activities can we vaguely see the grand occasion of that year. Few people will come here except tourists who are interested in history, Qing history and cultural heritage. Although it was a holiday and a peak season for sightseeing, there were still very few people.
The Manchu language in Yongling is called "Ente and Momong 'an", which consists of Xiama Monument, Qiangong Courtyard, Fangcheng, Baocheng, Provincial Sacrifice Institute, icehouse and Guolou. At present, the area of the scenic spot is not large. It takes about 4 minutes to an hour to travel around Yongling Scenic Spot.
There are several poems about Yongling, which were handed down by the Qing emperors when they offered sacrifices to their ancestors. Here, please choose two and post them.
Emperor Xuanye's Imperial Poem of Saint Zuren
On March 11th, the snow mourned Yong Ling.
The peaks and mountains were stacked with water, and the king protected Yong Ling.
the mountains crouch in a tiger's nest, and the valleys fly to help the dragon.
Yunfeng Caomu Bridge Garden is ancient, and the snow supports the pine road.
it's hard to bear the burden of thinking deeply about the legacy.
-March 11th, 21st year of Kangxi
Imperial Poems by Yin Zhen, Emperor Sejong Xian
Two courtiers' visits to the Imperial Tomb in Beijing
They are dedicated to the newspaper, and the bridge road is located in the Dragon Flag.
ten thousand gardens are set by ladders, and the rain and dew follow.
Sincerely connect the sleeping hall and solemnly serve Zong Yi.
I admire the ancient Song Dynasty, and I am proud of it.
Long Xingji's life is beautiful, and Wang Qi's life is beautiful.
if you don't see the difficulties, you will learn from them.
the tombs of mountains and rivers are strong, and the bows and swords are deep when they are old.
accompany me at the grand ceremony, and be respectful and courteous.
-Yin Zhen, Prince of Harmony, in October of the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi
Emperor Gao Zongchun's Hongli Imperial Poem
Paying homage to Yongling
Chasing Wang Chuan's former family, leaving behind Hou Kun.
if you look at the high mountain, you will see the source of virtue and water.
Xinjiang promotes the family, and the stars guard the temple walls.
how much you feel, you shed tears and shed cold.
-September, 8th year of Qianlong
zhao mausoleum
There were plans to go to Hetuala City and Qingyongling, but going to zhao mausoleum was a windfall. While waiting for the bus, I made an appointment with some friends I haven't seen for a long time to talk about their friendship for more than ten years, meet their husbands, and talk about each other's recent life and future plans. After eating, catching up with the old, and still feeling wanting more, the group decided to go to Beiling Park, where zhao mausoleum is located.
zhao mausoleum, also known as "Beiling", is located in Beiling Park in the north of Shenyang, which is the main attraction in the park. Zhao mausoleum is the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong, the second generation founding monarch of the Qing Dynasty, and Bolzigit, the empress of filial piety. It is also home to Chen Fei of Guansui Palace, Imperial concubine of Linzhi Palace and Princess Shu of Zhenqing Palace. Among the "Three Tombs Outside the Commissioner" in the early Qing Dynasty, Zhaoling is the largest and the most magnificent one. Here, Gu Song is towering, the halls are majestic, and the momentum of the imperial tombs is everywhere. You can also see the integration of the Ming Dynasty imperial tombs and Manchu architectural features in these buildings.
Although zhao mausoleum is the main attraction of Beiling Park, it can actually be regarded as a separate management from Beiling Park. The entrance fee for Beiling Park is 6 yuan, and it is free after the fixed time in the morning and evening. It is a place for Shenyang citizens to exercise and relax in the morning and evening. The part of zhao mausoleum, which is charged and managed separately, is closed outside the fixed opening hours of scenic spots.
There are six Xiama Monuments behind the Qianling of Zhaoling Mausoleum, including two in front of Zhenghongmen, two in the south of Shenqiao, one in the east and one in the west, and the other two near the original Baizhuang, that is, the north bank of Xinkai River and the Beiling Military Club today. The stone materials, shapes and sizes used in the six stone tablets are the same, but the written words are slightly different. The inscriptions on the two Yong stone tablets farthest from the mausoleum are written in Manchu, Mongolian, Han, Tibetan and Hui: officials below the kings have dismounted here; The inscription on the stele yin is the same as that on the stele yang. The other four steles are written in Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese characters, and the inscription reads: officials below the kings have dismounted here. In the early Qing Dynasty, the sign of dismounting in Zhaoling used wooden signs. In the forty-eighth year of Qianlong (783), the emperor decided to change the wooden signs of dismounting in front of the Three Tombs of Shengjing and Shengjing Palace into stone inscriptions to show the future. The Shengjing Ministry of Industry was commissioned to build it, and it was finally carved in the 49th year of Qianlong (1784). So far, it is basically well preserved and has become a precious cultural relic.
Legend
This is probably the general situation of the main scenic spots. If you are interested, you can search the relevant background on the Internet, so I won't go into details here. However, I believe many people are curious about some of the background stories and legends, so here is a brief introduction.
Legend of the Twelve Emperors of Qiyun Mountain
It is said that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, when Emperor Chongzhen was in power, he and Qin Tianjian watched the celestial phenomena at night and suddenly found that the purple gas in Liaodong was expected to keep rolling in, just like a hundred dragons walking on clouds. Afraid that Hunlong was born and his throne was usurped, he found a Feng Shui gentleman from the south and went to the northeast to break 1 Long Mai. He led a group of people to the northeast, went through Donggou and Xigang, and found Long Mai. He dug a big deep ditch around the dragon's neck, which meant cutting the dragon's head or pressing a small temple on the dragon's head to show that he had stopped the dragon. In this way, they broke 99 Long Mai roads in a row. There is a "hanging dragon" three feet from the ground. He thought, since it is a hanging dragon that is not attached to the ground, it can't be Long Mai, and no one can be buried, so it can't be a mixed dragon. So he went back to Beijing to report to me.
Just then, Nurhachi's ancestors were defeated by other tribes in Changbai Mountain, so Nurhachi's grandfather walked down Changbai Mountain with his father's bones on his back, intending to find a place to stay for his tribe. On this day, he came to the Suzi River and at the foot of the chimney hill. Seeing that it was getting late, he lived in a small shop nearby. However, the shopkeeper saw that he was carrying an urn and said nothing to let him in. Helpless, he had to carry his father's urn out of the shop and came to the foot of Longgang Mountain. He saw a big elm tree with its trunk forked three feet from the ground, so he put the urn on it, prepared to pick it up the next day, and then went back to the inn to stay.
the next day, he came to get the urn and wanted to continue walking, but he couldn't get it off, and the harder he tried, the longer it grew. In a hurry, he hurriedly borrowed an axe to split the branch, but when the axe went down, the big elm shed a few drops of blood. He quickly called a Feng Shui gentleman. Mr Feng Shui came here, looked at the big elm tree, and looked at the surrounding mountain terrain. He said, "This is a treasure trove of Feng Shui, with Hulan Hada (Chimney Mountain) in front, and Longgang Mountain in the back. There are 12 mountain bags in Longgang Mountain. There will be 12 emperors in your family. God forbid, so you should bury your bones here." It turned out that the "hanging dragon" was coiled on this big elm tree and was crushed by the ancestors of Nurhachi.
Nurhachi's grandfather buried the urn and returned to Changbai Mountain to move the tribe to Hetuala, not far from Longgang Mountain. Later, Nurhachi issued the "Seven Hatreds" on the grounds of the murder of his father and ancestors. He marched east and west, really defeated the Ming Dynasty, became the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty really produced 12 generations of real dragons.
sacred tree
it is said that in 1779 (the 43rd year of Qianlong), when Emperor Qianlong visited the east for the third time to pay homage to his ancestors, he once named this elm tree as a sacred tree and wrote a poem "Ode to the Sacred Tree". The stone tablet of Ganlong's imperial pen "Shenshu Fu" is now preserved in the West Annex Hall of Yongling.
It is said that in 1863, the leafy "sacred tree" was uprooted by the strong wind, and the huge branches crushed the roof of the Qiyun Hall in Yongling. Does the Tongzhi Emperor of the Forbidden City feel this?