Seeking to translate The Story of Little Rock Mountain
From Xishan Road to the north, after crossing Huangmaoling, there are two roads: one goes west and finds nothing; One is less in the north and east, but 40 feet, the soil is broken and Sichuan is divided, and there are accumulated stones across its vastness. Above is the shape of arrogance and beam; Next to the castle pier, if there is a door, you can see that it is black. Throw pebbles and there is water in the hole. Its voice is very strong, it has been ringing for a long time, and it can go to the ring and see far away. It is also a wise man's decision to produce beautiful arrows without soil, which are strange and firm, sparse and restrained.
Hey! I have doubted the existence of the creator for a long time, and the more I think it is sincere. It's strange that it's not Zhongzhou, but Yidi, who won't sell it for a thousand years. It's no use trying, and it's not suitable for immortals. What is the result? Or: comfort your husband and feel ashamed of this person. In other words, the spirit of Qi is not a great man, but a unique thing, so there are fewer people and more stones in southern Chu. Both. I don't believe it.
[Edit this paragraph] Reference translation:
From the intersection of Xishan to the north, cross Huangmaoling and go down, there are two roads: one is to the west, but nothing has been found in the past; The other turns to the east, slightly to the north. After only forty feet, the road was cut off by a river, and there was a stone mountain at the end of the road. The top of the rocky mountain is naturally in the shape of a female wall and a female beam, with a fortress and a hole like a door protruding next to it. Visiting from the cave, it was dark, and a small stone was thrown in. The sound of water was loud and it had not been seen for a long time. Rocky Mountain can climb around to the top of the mountain and stand on it and overlook it. There is no soil on the mountain, but there are good trees and bamboo, which are more peculiar in shape and hard in texture. Bamboo and wood are densely covered, either lying or standing, as if it were deliberately arranged by people.
Alas! I have doubted the existence of the creator for a long time, and I think the creator does exist here. But strangely, he did not put this small Shicheng Mountain in the densely populated Central Plains, but in this remote and remote barbarian land. Even after thousands of years, he didn't have a chance to show his strange scenery. In vain, useless. The creator of the gods doesn't seem to do this. So the creator really didn't? Some people say, "The creator arranged this to comfort the sages who were exiled here with this beautiful scenery." Some people also said: "The atmosphere of mountains and rivers in Zhong Ling here does not breed great people, but condenses into this wonderful mountain scenery, so there is a shortage of talents in southern Chu and there are many strange peaks and rocks." I don't believe either of these statements.
[Edit this paragraph] Inscription:
Eight Chapters of Yongzhou became the representative work of China's ancient landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about natural beauty, enrich the new field of classical prose reflecting life, and thus establish the position of landscape as an independent literary genre in the history of literature. Because of its artistic achievements, it has been told by people throughout the ages and is highly respected. These works not only express their experiences and resentment through beautiful scenery; There is also a description of the author's quiet state of mind, which is manifested in extreme depression and the pursuit of spiritual sustenance. As for the direct description of the scenery, it is steep and clean, or beautiful and pleasant, and reproduces the beauty of nature with delicate language. This article is one of Eight Records of Yongzhou. First of all, the author describes the shape and layout of Little Rock Town in detail, highlighting its similarities with Stone Town. Admiring the density of rocks and trees seems to be deliberately designed and arranged by wise men, and then naturally turning to the discussion of the important philosophical proposition of "the existence of the creator" by playing hard to get, the author criticized the idealistic theory of destiny and vented his grievances of being relegated and oppressed. This statement is ups and downs, and it is reasonable. Be demoted for joining the innovation team.
[Edit this paragraph] Liu Zongyuan's life:
Liu Zongyuan was born in Hedong (now yongji city) in Tang Dynasty. Dai Zongda was born in Chang 'an, the capital in the eighth year of Dali (773) and died in Liuzhou in the fourteenth year of Xian Zongyuan (8 19). A generation of famous writers and thinkers, under 50 years old. Because he was a native of Hedong, he was finally appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou, so he was named Liuhe East or Liuzhou, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Liu Jia, Xue and Pei are also called "Hedong Three Surnames". Liu Zongyuan's eighth to sixth ancestors were court officials, and the fifth ancestor was the secretariat of Sizhou. After entering the Tang Dynasty, the Liu family had a close relationship with the Li royal family. During the reign alone, there were as many as 22 members of the Liu family living in Guanshushu Province. However, during the Yonghui period, the Liu family was repeatedly persecuted by Wu Zetian. By the time Liu Zongyuan was born, his family had declined, from the privileged position of royalty to the ordinary bureaucratic landlord class. Liu Zongyuan's great-grandfather and grandfather were just small officials like county magistrates. His father, Jin Ryu, has always had a low rank. Liu Zongyuan said with emotion that by his generation, Liu had "studied for nothing since May and June". The Anshi Rebellion caused another great impact on the Liu family. During the war, Jin Ryu sent his mother to the King of Wu for refuge, and she and her family fled to Wudi. In the south, it was once hard to make a living, and sometimes there was no salary. Liu Zongyuan's mother often starves herself to feed her children. Liu Zongyuan was born after the Anshi Rebellion, and his childhood was spent in poverty and hardship. When Liu Zongyuan was nine years old, another large-scale separatist war broke out, which made Liu Zongyuan's family suffer from war again. Liu Zongyuan grew up in turbulent times. He had a certain understanding of the people's sufferings and social reality since he was a teenager, which influenced his later literary and ideological achievements.
①: The word God is not a foreign word, which has existed in China since ancient times. God means nature and creator. In ancient books, it is also called heaven or god. This term first appeared in Shangshu.
In fact, the word "God" is not the Chinese translation of the word "God" in Christianity, nor is it transliteration or transliteration. The word "God" originated from the ancient civilization of China. The earliest recorded books in the history books are Shangshu and The Book of Songs, while the gods (Shangshu) or gods (plaques enshrined in the Forbidden City in Beijing) are Heaven, Heaven Emperor and Father (as opposed to "Mother Earth"). The original meaning of God in Chinese refers to the god who rules the universe, which has appeared in Chinese since ancient times. Matteo Ricci introduced Catholicism to China in the Ming Dynasty. In order to facilitate his missionary work, he translated the Latin "Dehousse" into the ancient "God" in China. (Islam in China has a similar word, that is, Allah, which means God. But different beliefs have different meanings to "God".
A summary of the words in Little Rock Mountain Records;
Common words:
1, less: pass "slightly", slightly, slightly.
2. Yes: through "you".
3, geisha: pass "technology."
Flexible use of parts of speech;
1, north: locative nouns as verbs, go north.
2. Down: locative nouns are verbs, down.
3. Ring: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and coiled.
Function words:
1, use (throwing pebbles): use, take. combine
2. Harmony: Crossing Huangmaoling (inheritance, no translation);
One is less north and less east (parallel relationship);
The soil breaks the Sichuan branch (coordinate relationship);
Without soil, a beautiful tree will grow (turning relationship);
Strange and firm (parallel relationship);
[1] Less: slightly, slightly. [2] Soil break: The mountain suddenly breaks, forming a cliff. [3] Yin: edge and shore. [4] Above, the small city wall on the city; Liangmuli, the beam of the house. [5] Wharf: The stone is like a small castle. [6] Cave running: The stone hits the water. [7] agitation: the voice is loud and clear. [8] Sparse number and depression: density fluctuation. [9] Zhongzhou: Central Plains. [10] Yidi: refers to the remote Yongzhou. [1 1] Millennium sentence: After a thousand years, people can't appreciate and recognize its beautiful scenery. [12] Really: Really. [13] It shouldn't be like this: it shouldn't be like this, that is, Little Shicheng Mountain is arranged in the lonely Yongzhou for nothing. [14] Spirit of Qi: the beauty of the earth's Qi. [15] The facilities of that wise man are also: kindness, as if.
● Click on the famous sentence:
In this article, the famous sentence about scenery is: "The beautiful arrow of a beautiful tree born without soil is beneficial to strangeness and firmness, and its sparse number is restrained, which is also determined by a wise man." Line drawing is used here. The language is concise, but the image is vivid and interesting.
Are the lyrical "feelings" the same in Little Stone Pond and Koishiyama?
The story of Little Shicheng Mountain is the last of eight stories in Yongzhou. The author expresses his feelings in the scene, expressing his loneliness, depression and sadness in exile. His travels often express his political frustration through scenery.
The poem "The Story of Little Stone Pond" portrays an old fisherman with a lonely body and lofty personality. The image of the old fisherman is a portrayal of the poet's self-image. Poets express their lofty and aloof feelings and political frustration by praising fishermen who live in seclusion between mountains and rivers.
[Edit this paragraph] (with small stone pond)
This travel note can be divided into five paragraphs.
In the first paragraph, the author uses the technique of "changing scenery" to guide us to appreciate different scenery in the process of moving and changing, which has a strong sense of dynamic picture. "One hundred and twenty steps from Shanxi, separated by bamboo, I am happy to hear the sound of water, such as the ring of singing." At the beginning of the article, we were guided to the west of the mountain 120 steps. When I came to a bamboo forest, I could hear the sound of water flowing through it. "Bamboo" is bamboo in the forest; "Like a ringing ring" is a clear and pleasant description of the sound of running water, just like the sound made when Yu Pei Yuhuan collided. The article is written naturally from scenery to emotion. "Cut bamboo and take the road, and look at the small pool below." In the dense bamboo forest, I cut a path and finally saw a small pool. At this point, the whole picture of Xiaoshitang is presented to us. This time, from hill to bamboo, from bamboo to underwater sound, and then from underwater sound to small pool, it not only tells the story of the discovery of small pool, but also is full of suspense and curiosity, and gradually unfolds a wonderful picture in front of people. Since then, the author has put pen power on the detailed description of Chi Tan. "The water is particularly clear, the whole stone is at the bottom, near the shore, and the bottom of the rolling stone comes out. It is a mountain, an island, a moraine and a rock." The water in Xiaoshitang is exceptionally cool, and the whole pond is made of stone. The whole bottom of the pool is a big stone, close to the edge of the pool, and the stone at the bottom of the pool rolls out of the water. These stones have various shapes. "Gui" is a highland in the water; Yu is an island; "Qin" and "rock" are both forms of rock. In a word, this is a pool surrounded by various forms of stones, so the author named it Xiaoshichi. "The trees and vines are shaded, winding and patchy." It is the author's description of the scenery on the pond. There are green trees, green vines, interwoven into a green net, dotted around the pond, uneven branches swaying in the wind. The description on this pool is only 12, which shows us the wonderful scenery around Xiaoshitang and makes us feel the beauty of Xiaoshitang more and more.
In the second paragraph, the author describes the pond and swimming fish. In this paragraph, the author uses a different technique from the first paragraph, changing "step by step" into "fixed-point close-up". This is a wonderful passage in the whole article. Especially the description of fish swimming in the water is more vivid. "There are hundreds of fish in the pool, all in vain. In the sun, the shadow is on the stone, but it does not move; You are far away, and communication is sudden. It seems quite fun to be with tourists. " This is a very beautiful painting. Fish swimming in water is not like swimming in water, but like swimming in the air. When the sun shines, the fish's shadow falls on the stone at the bottom of the pool. Literally, the author wrote about fish, but literally, we can't help but be deeply impressed by the clear pool water. This writing method of swimming fish and pool water has received good artistic effect. Below, the author further describes this fish. At first, the fish just stood still. Suddenly, some fish darted into the distance and swam around, as if enjoying the happiness with tourists. Reading this, we can't help but think of the author's joy from swimming in fish. This writing style from emotion to scene and from scene to emotion is a prominent feature of this essay.
The third paragraph discusses the water source and pool water scenery of Xiaoshitang. "Look at the southwest of the pool, you can see the flicker. Their shore potentials are different from each other and their sources are unknown. " Looking to the southwest, a stream twists and turns, winding like the Big Dipper, winding like a snake, one is visible and the other is invisible. The banks of the stream are strewn at random, scrawny and with jagged teeth. Here, the author successfully uses metaphor to describe the shape of the stream with the twists and turns of the Big Dipper and the crawling of snakes, and to describe the banks of the stream with the teeth of dogs, which makes us feel lifelike.
The fourth paragraph is the author's overall impression and feeling of Xiaoshitang. "Sitting by the pool, surrounded by bamboo forests, lonely and empty, sad and cold, sad and quiet. Because its territory is too clear, you won't live long, but remember it. " Sitting on a small stone pond, surrounded by dense bamboo forests and trees, it is very quiet and there is no one to see. It makes people look bleak, chilling and sad. Because its situation is too quiet for people to stay for a long time, so I signed it and left. In this passage, the author highlighted the word "quiet", put the quiet in the environment into his mind, and blended the scenes to write a miserable and lonely state of mind. This is undoubtedly a tortuous reflection of the author's mood after being demoted.
In the last paragraph, "Passers-by: Wu Wuling, Gong Gu and Yu Dizong Xuan. Followers: Cui Shi, the second young student, said that he would forgive himself and serve him. " Write down the people who walked with the author in Xiaoshitang, and the' Cui Shi Erxiaosheng' behind him had the characters imagined by the author, and the author connected them to restrain himself.
The Story of Little Stone Pond is an excellent landscape travel note with exquisite language, rich meaning and vivid image. It shows the author's profound observation and unique experience of things, and also shows the author's profound artistic skill. The nuanced techniques and clever and vivid metaphors used in this paper are worth learning.
Jiang Xue was written by Liu Zongyuan in Yongzhou.
The ten years in Yongzhou are the most difficult, lonely and depressed years in Liu Zongyuan's life. However, as the saying goes, "misfortune depends on happiness, and misfortune lurks", this decade has created a peerless demeanor of a master of ancient Chinese literature. Liu Zongyuan's literary talent has been strongly stimulated and achieved the most brilliant and outstanding achievements in his life. Eight Records of Yongzhou was written in Yongzhou.
Koishiyama practice
From Xishan Road to the north, after crossing Huangmaoling, there are two roads: one goes west and finds nothing; One is less in the north and east, but 40 feet, the soil is broken and Sichuan is divided, and there are accumulated stones across its vastness. Above is the shape of arrogance and beam; Next to the castle pier, if there is a door, you can see that it is black. Throw pebbles and there is water in the hole. Its voice is very strong, it has been ringing for a long time, and it can go to the ring and see far away. It is also a wise man's decision to produce beautiful arrows without soil, which are strange and firm, sparse and restrained.