Xiangtan dialect vocabulary of Xiangtan dialect and its origin
As the saying goes, "one side of water and soil nurtures one side of people", what Xiangtan people say and what words they use has a great relationship with Xiangtan's geographical environment.
Xiangtan has a subtropical monsoon climate with long rainy season, abundant rainfall and humid climate. Xiangjiang River passes through the city, and there are ripple water and trickling water in the territory, the main canal of Shaoshan Irrigation District, the north-south main canal and Shuifumiao Reservoir, with dense water networks. Xiangtan can be described as a "water town". Such geographical and climatic conditions have created Xiangtan's "water town culture", which in turn has led to the emergence and application of some water-related Xiangtan dialect words. For example, pulling relationships and going through the back door are referred to as "going by water"; Men who are not decent in style are called "old men"; Indecent and vulgar filth is called "water vapor" (also called "flowing gas"); Skin color is called "water color". In addition, because there are many rivers in Xiangtan, especially Xiangjiang River, as a main stream of the Yangtze River, shipping has been quite developed since ancient times. Sailors, who live on the water and take the boat as their home, don't like to say "heavy", so they say "full rice" as "Zhang rice" or "loading rice"
Xiangtan has a variety of landforms, including mountains, hills, hills, plains and water surfaces. There are many words related to these landforms, and even many places are named after them. Traditionally, Xiangtan people call "mountain" "ridge", such as Shaziling and Taling Township. Call the flat land in the valley "chong", such as Shaoshanchong, where Mao Zedong's former residence is located; The local flat land in mountainous and hilly areas is called "Ping", such as Huangjingping. Water-related, Xiangtan people call the pool in front of the house "pond", such as Hongtang Township, Yuetang District, Quantangzi and Xiangtang. With more water, there are naturally many bridges, such as Qingshan Bridge, Yunhu Bridge and Shuangbanqiao. It is impossible for a dialect to be born suddenly in a certain period completely out of its source, and it is always inextricably linked with the old saying in the region. Many words in Xiangtan dialect come down in one continuous line with the ancient Xiang dialect, and these words are still widely used now.
for example, pups. Dialect explains it like this: "A child is a child. The meeting of Xiangyuan will call it a child, and if it is said in the east, it will be a child. " Now, Xiangtan people basically call "son" "cub". However, the meaning of "son" of "zai" has begun to be blurred after being used in appellation words, mainly used to express "small" and affectionate feelings, and generally used to refer to "children, boys and girls", such as "Yazai" refers to "boys" and "sister zai" refers to "girls". However, in specific use, it is often customary to call a boy "a younger sister", which is actually a nickname for children. Calling a boy by a nickname can avoid evil and make it easy to grow up; Calling a girl "a baby" has that kind of affection and also shows people's attention and admiration for men. However, the word "full of young children" (the youngest son, the youngest son among parents and children) can be said to be the perfect combination of "son" and "love".
Another example is Li Sao: "Never tire of seeking". Wang Yi's note: "By, full also. Chu people are full of names. " According to Wang Li's onomatopoeia, reading [b' under eη] is the sound of "Peng". Nowadays, Xiangtan people say that "the water is full" and it is customary to say that "the water is full". Therefore, "Peng" in Xiangtan dialect is probably the descendant of "Ping" in ancient Chu dialect.
take another example. "History of the Han Dynasty Emperor Wudi Ji" contains "Building Zhanggong." There is a "big palace" in Huan Tan's New Theory of Knowing Tao. These two "rises" both mean "construction". Now, Xiangtan people also call "building a house" as "building a house".
In addition, the meanings of "How nice you are" and "Dou" (Tree) of "a bag of cabbage" often used by Xiangtan people are all derived from the ancient Xiang dialect. There are also words such as "Tangke" (meaning "wife"), "the day after tomorrow" (meaning "the day after tomorrow") and "sample model" (meaning "appearance") left over from the ancient vernacular in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since ancient times, Chu people believed in ghosts and worshiped sacrifices. Wang Yi's "Songs of Chu" said: "In the past, between the southern city of Chu and Yuanxiang, their customs believed in ghosts and were good at shrines." Xiangtan is also influenced by this culture of witchcraft and ghosts, so the vocabulary of "ghost" and "death" in Xiangtan dialect is endless.
In order to show their reverence for ghosts and gods, Xiangtan people have many taboos about "death" and things related to "death". Use "white wedding" to express funeral; Use "old ga da", "too much coffee" or "go (read kè) ga da" to indicate that people are dead; "Coffin" is called "material" and "funeral" is called "going up the mountain" and "going out". However, "death" also means "deep degree". For example, in the sentence "I love you to death", "death" is used to express the depth of love; "She is lazy to death" and "This sugar is sweet to death" mean the degree of laziness and the degree of sweetness of sugar.
"ghost" is used more in Xiangtan dialect. It can be used to express people's nicknames and jokes, such as "imp" refers to their own or general children; "Ghost cub" refers to naughty children; The wife will also laugh at her husband as a "dead ghost". Can be used for banter between friends, "Ghost 57" joked that the other party was not serious and deliberately made trouble; "Ghosts look alike" means that others are putting on airs or dressing up in a manner that is not satisfactory. Can be used to call names, such as: hungry ghost, afraid of death, coward, slacker, short-lived ghost, sipping ghost (delicious ghost), nuisance, whipping boy, daredevil, confused ghost and cowardly ghost. It can be used to indicate bad luck. "Back-to-back ghost" means that a person doesn't take good luck, "touching a ghost" means encountering bad results, and "looking for a ghost" means encountering bad things, which is unexpected.
In addition, the existence of many traditional festivals has also produced many distinctive words. The seventh to fifteenth day of July is commonly known as "half a year", which is also called "receiving guests" and "offering sacrifices to ancestors". From the seventh to the tenth day of July, new dead guests are received, and old dead guests are received after the tenth day. On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, "Send the Kitchen God", on the 24th, "Celebrate the New Year", and on New Year's Eve, "Celebrate the New Year". In the early morning of New Year's Day, farmers set incense in the gate for heaven and earth, praying for a good year, and let off "a thousand rings", which means "going out of the sky". After going out of the sky, it is called "New Year's greetings", and the rules are "first birthday, second birthday (son-in-law), fourth day of the third day". If "New Year's greetings are paid to the seventh and eighth day", they will "wash the pots and rattle". "Food is the most important thing for the people", and many words in Xiangtan dialect have a great relationship with this word "food".
Xiangtan basically grows rice, and Xiangtan people take rice as their staple food. Even when they say "eat", they mostly mean "eat rice". Foods made of rice include sweet wine (which Xinjiang people call "mash"), Ciba, wick cake and so on.
There are also "medicinal candy" produced in Xiangtan Middle Road and "Maojia Braised Pork" in Maojia Hotel. In addition, eggs should be cooked on the third day of the third lunar month, which is also called "March 3". Originally a rural custom, farmers thought that eating "March 3" could cure rheumatism and prevent cold. A dish that farmers still cook at this time of year is called "master's meat", also called "steamed pork with powder". The way to do this is to crush rice, match it with large pieces of pork, add food red and steam it with several Chinese medicines.
It is said that Hunan people are not afraid of spicy food, especially Xiangtan people. They are simply afraid of spicy food. Therefore, Xiangtan people love to eat Chili, and a necessary seasoning at home is "Chili powder", also called "Chili ash". There are many ways for Xiangtan people to make peppers, such as chopping peppers, soaking peppers (peppers), pepper sauce, lobster sauce, salted peppers and so on.
The influence of "food" culture on Xiangtan dialect vocabulary is not only reflected in the above-mentioned special foods, but also reflected in the fact that Xiangtan people invented many new words to express certain meanings based on "food". For example, "eating glutinous rice" is used to criticize and accept flattery, "eating white lobster sauce" is called incompetence, bullying is called "eating and living", taking bribes is called "eating injustice", and eating for nothing is called "eating empty rice". A large number of new words will be produced in the new period. With the development of the times, some new words have also been imported into Xiangtan dialect. These words mainly come from the fashion in Hunan.
Some words skillfully and intricately used by popular hosts in high-rated TV media are easy to become popular and widely accepted and used by the public. For example, Wang Han and Kyle, hosts of The More Strategies, the happier they are, frequently use words such as "That's true", "Sister Tuo" and "Strategy" in their programs. Some words used by soldiers Qi Zhi and Yang Zhichun in their dialect cross talk and double reed, such as "Harry Oil", "Yang Wuliu" and "Lingfan", are also rapidly popular in Xiangtan.
The "difficulty" in mediating disputes and solving difficult problems refers to the "cage" used by sellers to lure customers into cheating, the "tripping style" used to show ugliness and lack of grace, as well as the "pinch handle" used to refer to liars, "brother" (taxi driver) and "full brother" (young man), all of which have been widely used by Xiangtan people in recent years.
Through these popular fashion words, we can get a glimpse of Xiangtan people's psychology of seeking novelty and conformity. It is precisely because of this that some new dialect words quickly become the most frequently used words in Xiangtan people's spare time. Some words even directly reflect the personality characteristics of Xiangtan people, such as "willing to die", "arrogant", "tolerant of annoyance" and "just suffering".