Matters needing attention and common sense of fire prevention in Tomb-Sweeping Day
1. Sweepers should burn paper, burn incense and set off firecrackers at designated places. After burning, don't go until the embers are burned. Burning incense, burning paper and setting off fireworks near Woods, grasslands and haystacks should be avoided. Carry shovels, buckets and other fire-fighting items to prevent accidental fire.
2. It is forbidden to occupy or block fire exits, and fire exits should be kept clear.
3. When sweeping in the wild, strictly abide by the local regulations on the use of fire in the wild, and do not throw cigarette butts.
4, don't choose to burn paper on the slope, steep slope will naturally change the direction of the fire, especially the spread speed of the fire. Don't burn paper in windy weather. The wind will blow up the burning paper and become a flowing fire source, accelerating the spread of the fire.
5. Before burning paper, clean up the litter and other combustibles around the ignition point, cut off the combustion medium, and prepare enough water and fire extinguishing equipment. After burning paper, put out the burning ashes completely with fire extinguishing equipment or water, and observe for a period of time to make sure that the resurgence can no longer be revived before leaving.
6. Paper burning should be carried out in a predetermined fire fence or a dug deep pit. Fire barriers should be made of materials that are not suitable for burning, and should have a certain height to prevent burning substances from floating out with the rising heat flow.
2. Tomb-Sweeping Day fire precautions and common sense.
First, the forest burns.
Forest burning, also known as forest fire, is a burning phenomenon in nature. Combustible in the forest, under the action of a certain temperature, quickly combines with oxygen in the air to release light and heat, which is called forest combustion. Forest combustion can be divided into flame combustion and flameless combustion.
(1) Flaming combustion: when ignited, it can release a large amount of combustible gas and produce flame, also known as open flame.
(2) Flameless combustion: when burning, enough combustible gas cannot be released, and no flame is produced, which is also called dark fire.
Second, forest burning must have three elements.
Forest combustible (forest combustible is the material basis of forest fire), oxygen and a certain temperature (heat source or fire source). These three constitute a burning triangle. Without any of them, the combustion will stop.
III. Principles and principles of forest fire fighting and rescue
The basic principle of extinguishing forest fires is to destroy their combustion conditions and prevent the combination of the three elements of combustion-combustible, oxygen and heat source (fire source). Only by eliminating any one of the three elements will the combustion stop. According to the above principles, there are three fundamental ways to put out forest fires: one is to dissipate heat and cool down, so that the temperature of burning combustible materials drops below the ignition point and goes out; The second is to isolate the fire source, so that the burning combustible materials are isolated from the unburned combustible materials, which destroys the preheating effect and achieves the purpose of fire extinguishing; The third is to cut off or reduce the oxygen needed for forest burning, so that it can be suffocated and extinguished.
4. Tomb-Sweeping Day fire precautions and common sense.
1, manual flapping is a common method to put out ground fires, and it is also an economical and effective method. Its fire extinguishing mechanism lies in: using fire extinguishing tools to suppress the fire and reduce the oxygen supply; Use fire extinguishing tools to sweep away the ignited combustible materials, ashes, charcoal and sparks, so as to separate the unburned combustible materials from the fire source and destroy the preheating effect. The practice is to organize the fire-fighting personnel into a group of 3-4 people, and use fresh branches or hand-held fire-fighting tools to put out the fire in turn until the fire spread is controlled. The operation method is: lift heavy objects lightly and sweep while hitting. Then take the opportunity to pounce, high-altitude, quickly control the spread of forest fires.
Step 2 put out the fire with water
Water is the cheapest fire extinguishing agent, which can put out underground fires, surface fires and crown fires. In particular, stagnant fires, uncleared logging areas and primitive forest areas with dense plants and thick humus layers must be put out with water.
Step 3 put out the fire with soil
It is an ancient fire extinguishing method to cover burning materials with sediments to reduce oxygen supply, even isolate oxygen and destroy combustion conditions. Ships and ancient temples now have sandboxes and sandbags for fire fighting. In forest fire fighting, it is more convenient and effective to put out the fire of cutting piles and falling trees without water. The method is to loosen the nearby soil with tools such as hoes and shovels and throw it into the flame until the fire is extinguished or the burning substances are completely covered.
Step 4 put out the fire with gas
In practice, people gradually realize that when the wind speed is greater than 15m/s, the wind can play a fire extinguishing role. According to this principle, people invented the wind fire extinguisher. The pneumatic fire extinguisher is equipped with two operators, one for carrying the machine and the other for carrying the oil, which are operated in turn.
5. Tomb-Sweeping Day fire precautions and common sense.
(1) Disabled people, pregnant women and children shall not be mobilized to put out forest fires.
(2) Firefighters must receive fire safety training.
(3) Abide by fire control discipline, obey unified command and dispatch, and it is forbidden to act alone.
(4) Keep communication smooth at any time.
(5) Firefighters should be equipped with necessary equipment, such as helmets, fire suits, fire gloves, fire boots and fire fighting equipment.
(6) Pay close attention to the weather changes at the fire site, especially in the afternoon when there are many casualties in forest fires.
(7) Pay close attention to the types and flammability of combustible substances in the fire to avoid entering the combustible area.
(8) Pay attention to the terrain conditions of the fire. Firefighters are not allowed to enter areas surrounded by mountains on three sides, saddle-shaped valleys, narrow grass ponds, narrow valleys, sunny slopes and so on to directly beat the fire heads.
(9) When fighting forest fires, fire safety zones and evacuation routes should be selected in advance to prevent accidents. Once you are in a dangerous area, you should keep a clear head and actively try to save yourself.
(10) Firefighters are exhausted, so they should take a break in time and maintain their vigorous physical strength.
6. Tomb-Sweeping Day fire precautions and common sense.
Once a firefighter is trapped or attacked by a forest fire, he should make a decisive decision, quickly choose a route to escape from the fire, and take correct measures to avoid casualties.
On the relatively open flat land, relying on rivers, streams and roads, ignite the oncoming fire with an igniter, so that the new fire head will spread against the wind in the direction of the fire head and prevent the fire front from being cleared. Please note that there must be patrols on the other side of the line of control to prevent new fire spots in Fei Huo.
(1) ignition gap
In the absence of rivers, streams and roads to rely on, when time permits, use an igniter to light the fire downwind, and fire fighters will follow the fire into the burned area to avoid the fire, dig out the underground wet soil by hand, breathe close to the wet soil or cover their noses with wet towels to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
(2) Forcibly cross the line of fire against the wind. When ignition or other conditions are not met, avoid running with the wind. Choose a flat area that has been burned or has sparse weeds, cover your head with clothes, cross the fire line quickly against the wind, and enter the burned area to escape safely.
(3) Lie down to avoid smoke (fire)
When it is too late to clear the fire, and there are rivers (ditches), windward flat areas with no vegetation or sparse vegetation nearby, cover your head with clothes soaked in water, put your hands on your chest and lie down to avoid smoke (fire). When lying down to avoid smoke (fire), in order to prevent smoke from choking, cover your nose and mouth with wet hair, dig a hole, and breathe close to wet soil to avoid smoke injury.
(4) Rapid transfer
When the fire is found and the manpower is out of control, as long as time permits, it should be quickly moved to a safe place to avoid casualties.
7. Tomb-Sweeping Day fire precautions and common sense.
(1) Don't approach the fire with the fire head, but with the fire tail and wings. When hitting the rotor, get close to the fire from the wings of the rotor.
(2) Don't approach the fire from mountain to mountain, cross the ridge and saddle, but approach the fire from mountain or bypass the mountain.
(3) The isolation belt is not set from the upper part of the mountain fire and the ridge line, but set on the back slope of the mountain.
(4) When the isolation belt is opened, it is necessary to determine or open the safe haven area and define the evacuation route.
(5) After the isolation belt is opened, if necessary, head-on fire can be arranged along the inner edge of the isolation belt in a planned and organized way to widen the width of the isolation belt.
(6) When there are rivers, streams, highways, trails and railways near the fire site, they can also be used as support points for fire fighting under unified organization. However, it is necessary to prevent fires from escaping from bridges and culverts of highways and railways.
(7) When resting, rest at the edge of the fire line.
8. Tomb-Sweeping Day fire precautions and common sense.
During the period of Tomb-Sweeping Day, there were a sea of people in places for grave-sweeping and ancestor worship, cultural relics and ancient buildings, and tourist attractions, and there were frequent activities of burning incense, burning paper, lighting wax and setting off firecrackers. In addition, there are many windy days in spring, which is easy to cause fire accidents. A few days ago, the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security issued a Tomb-Sweeping Day fire safety reminder to remind the public to pay attention to fire safety at all times.
1. Light candles, incense, burn paper and set off firecrackers. Please clean up the surrounding combustible materials and protect the site to prevent the ashes from re-burning or the fire caused by Fei Huo.
2. When sweeping candles, burning incense, burning paper and setting off firecrackers, please pay attention to stay away from residential buildings, public buildings, cultural relics protection units, key fire safety units, inflammable and explosive places, forests and grasslands to prevent fires.
Don't light candles, burn incense, burn paper and set off firecrackers in windy days. If you find a fire, please call 1 19 in time.
4. It is forbidden to occupy or block the safety exits, evacuation passages and fire truck passages during the sweeping activities. Parents should educate their children not to play with fire and prevent them from lighting candles, burning incense, burning paper and setting off firecrackers.
5, forest, cemetery management units should strictly implement the fire safety duty, fire inspection system, complete fire equipment, timely detection and disposal of fires.
9. Tomb-Sweeping Day fire precautions and common sense.
1. Please don't smoke or set off fireworks when sweeping graves in the mountains or other places, in order to prevent the fire from burning the forest. If you need to burn paper, you should try to clean up the litter and other combustibles around the burning point before burning paper, and do it in a pre-defined fire fence, a dug deep pit or your own bucket or basin. After burning paper money, be sure to clean up the ashes to avoid resurgence. Remember to wait until the paper money, incense sticks and other remnants burn out.
2. Never throw cigarette butts. The weather is still very dry in spring, and the forest is full of rubbish. A single spark can start a prairie fire. Don't leave cigarette butts as kindling.
3. It is strictly prohibited to burn incense and paper and set off fireworks and firecrackers on the lawn, beside gas pipelines, under high-voltage lines, beside cars, beside septic tanks, near reed haystacks and near construction sites and sheds in the community to prevent gas leakage or methane ignition from causing deflagration.
4. When you drive to the cemetery to sweep the grave, don't park the vehicle in the fire lane to ensure the smooth flow of the fire lane.
5. Prevent children from playing with fire and educate them not to play with fire at will.
6. Sacrifice sweeps to the designated place to burn paper, incense and shoot.
7. Carry out civilized grave sweeping and advocate smokeless sacrifice. Citizens should strictly abide by the fire prevention regulations in cemeteries, especially in mountainous areas and areas with dense weeds. It is strictly forbidden to use naked flames, burn paper money and set off fireworks and firecrackers.
8. In case of sudden fire, keep calm and call 1 19 or 1 10 in time. Don't blindly follow the crowd when you escape, you should determine the direction of fire and flame burning, escape against the wind, run out of the fire encirclement decisively against the wind, and don't escape with the wind. When you are surrounded by fire halfway up the mountain, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and run down the mountain quickly. Don't run up the hill to avoid in time. You should lie on a flat ground with no combustible materials nearby to avoid smoke. Do not choose low-lying areas or pits, holes and other places that are easy to precipitate smoke.
10. Tomb-Sweeping Day fire precautions and common sense.
1, fire treatment method
If there is a fire at home, don't panic, and take corresponding measures in time according to the fire: if the oil pan catches fire while cooking, quickly cover the lid tightly so that the oil fire in the pan is extinguished due to lack of oxygen, and it is not allowed to be extinguished with water. When a fire breaks out indoors, doors and windows cannot be easily opened to avoid air convection and form a large-scale fire. When paper, wood and cloth catch fire, water can be used to put out the fire. When electrical appliances, gasoline, alcohol and cooking oil catch fire, earth, sand and mud and dry powder fire extinguishers can be used to put out the fire.
If the fire is very big, you must report the fire immediately. When you are trapped by fire, you should take different methods to escape according to different situations. If you lean down, cover your nose with a damp cloth.
2. How to call the police in case of fire?
If a fire is found, the most important thing is to call the police, so as to put out the fire in time, control the fire and reduce the losses caused by the fire. The telephone number of the fire alarm is 1 19. This figure should be kept in mind. In any part of the country, the telephone number for reporting fire to the public security fire department is the same.
3. How to get out of danger correctly in case of fire?
(1) Once threatened by fire, don't panic, calmly determine your position, judge the fire according to the analysis of smoke, light and temperature around you, and don't act blindly. (2) In the bungalow, if the fire around the door is not big, you should leave the fire quickly. On the other hand, you must choose another exit to escape (such as jumping out of the window) or take protective measures (such as soaking clothes with water, wrapping your head and upper body with warm quilts, etc.). ) before leaving the fire. (3) If you are in a building, don't blindly open doors and windows when you find a fire, otherwise it may lead to a fire. (4) If you are in a building, don't run around blindly, let alone jump off a building to escape, which will cause undue casualties. You can hide in the room or on the balcony. Close the doors and windows, cut off the fire road and wait for rescue. Conditional, can continue to water the doors and windows to cool down, in order to delay the spread of the fire. (5) In a burning building, you can't use the elevator to escape, but take the stairs through the fire escape. Because the elevator shaft often becomes a channel for setting off fireworks after a fire. And the elevator may break down at any time. (6) If the fire is too fierce and you need to jump off a building to escape, you can jump off the second floor, but you should choose a soft ground. At the same time, throw the bedding upstairs to increase the cushion of the ground, and then slide down the window, so as to minimize the falling height and let the feet land first.