What was Heian Castle like in the Edo period?

Heian-kyo is the capital of Japan after Emperor Kanmu moved the capital in 794 (the 13th year of Enryaku). It is located in the center of Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture. In other words, Heian Castle in the Edo period was also the rectangular capital of Kyoto, spanning the two counties of Kuzuno Atago and Kuzuno Atago in the mountainous country, 4.5km from east to west and 5.2km from north to south. At the center of the northern end of Heian-kyo is Ouchi (the Imperial City), and from Ouchi there is Suzaku Avenue running through the city center. Suzaku Avenue divides Heian-kyo into two parts: Sakyo and Ukyo (Zakyo to the east and Ukyo to the west). Among them, Ukyo imitated the design of Chang'an City in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Zuojing imitated the design of Luoyang City. The walls of this city no longer exist. The choice of this land is said to be based on the correspondence between the four gods of Chinese Feng Shui. Heian Kyo was smaller than the current Kyoto city. The northern limit of the road was located between the present-day Imadegawa-dori and Marutamachi-dori, and the southern limit of the Kujo-dori was located on the Kujo-dori south of the present-day JR Kyoto Station. The Tokyo Chichi-dori in the east is located at present-day Teramachi Dori, and the Nishikyo Chichi-dori in the west is presumed to be the north-south line connecting Hanazono Station on the JR Sagano Line and Nishikyo Chichi Station on the Hankyu Kyoto Line. The main roads and small roads crisscrossing Kyoto divide Kyoto into four 40-foot-long (approximately 120m) square towns. The four rows of towns in the east-west direction are called "jo", and the four rows of towns in the north-south direction are called "bo". The 16 towns belonging to the same town all have their own numbers, for example: Ukyo Gojo, Sanbo and 14 towns. The standard width of a road is 4 feet (approximately 12m) for a small road and 8 feet (approximately 24m) for a major road. Most of the existing roads in Kyoto are relatively narrow. The width of Suzaku Avenue is said to be 28 feet (approximately 84m). History Emperor Kanmu built Nagaokakyo in 784 to move the capital. This was to break away from the Yamato Kingdom, where the power groups that supported the politics of Emperor Tenmu were gathered, and to build a new capital for the Emperor Tenchi. But in January 793, only nine years later, Emperor Kanmu gathered his ministers and moved the capital again. The location is Kuzuno in the northern part of Yamabackoku Province, 10km northeast of Nagaokakyo and between two rivers. Before moving the capital, Emperor Kanmu is said to have looked at Kuzuno from the Shogun Tomb in Higashiyama District, Kyoto City, to determine whether the area was suitable for a capital. "Kudzuno is a place with beautiful mountains and rivers, a place where people from all over the world gather, and a good place with convenient transportation and waterways" mentioned in the Chronicle of Japan. It is said to be a comment left by Emperor Kanmu. The construction of Heian-kyo's palace began with the palace castle (Ouchi) and then the city streets. The Daigokuden Hall, which stands at the northernmost point of Suzaku Avenue running through the center of the capital, is clearly visible from any direction. It was built to promote the emperor's authority. Ports such as Yodozu and Oizu were established on the riverside near the capital. This port gathers supplies from all over the country and then transfers them to the capital. The supplies were transferred to the two major markets in the capital (East Market and West Market) and then supplied to the people. This concept is designed to ensure a stable and continuous supply of food, materials, etc. as the population increases. In addition, he also proposes strategies to deal with flooding, which is a common concern for residents of Nagaokakyo. There is no natural river in the capital, so the artificial river "Hori River" was built, which not only ensured the supply of water, but also solved the problem of flooding. Buddhist temples that were not recognized in Nagaokakyo were also recognized here. October 794 Emperor Kanmu moved the capital on the 22nd, and on November 8th of the following year, he issued an edict naming the capital Heijōkyō. In 810, the idea of ​​moving back to the old capital Heijōkyō was raised, but Emperor Saga gave up the idea because of the stability of the country. Heian-kyo was established as the "Bandai Palace" and the eternal capital. However, because the area where Ukyo was located was swampy, it gradually became deserted. The main development of the city was concentrated in Sakyo. The aristocratic residential areas were concentrated in the north of Sakyo, and the poor began to live beyond Heian. The Kamogawa River at the east end of Kyoto triggered a trend of eastward expansion. In 980, the Rashomon Gate (Rashomon) at the southern end of Suzaku Avenue collapsed and was not built again. This made the scope of Heian Kyo closer to that of medieval Kyoto. Heian-kyo (Kyoto) lost the administrative function of the Kamakura and Edo shogunates based in the Kanto region. Although it escaped the fate of moving the capital to Tokyo during the Meiji Restoration, it became the place where the emperor stayed in Kyoto.