Seek the feasibility study report of landscape design
With the implementation of the southeast development strategy of Chengdu urban area and the rapid advancement of urban infrastructure construction, the eastern and southern urban areas are not only urban forms, but also the growth points of urban economy. At the same time, as the name implies, the east and south should also become the growing points of green space, one of the urban infrastructures. Based on this understanding, we set up a special research group, conducted many field visits in the east and south of the city, and selected Mingshiling Scenic Spot in Shiling Town, Longquanyi District as a priority implementation project according to the Outline of Chengdu's Strategic Planning for Urban Development from East to South, and put forward the Feasibility Study Report of Mingshiling Scenic Spot in Chengdu.
I. Overview of history and present situation
The Ming Tombs in Chengdu are the largest tombs of Shu Wang family in Ming Dynasty, located in Shiling Town, Longquanyi District, east of Chengdu. * * * Ten tombs of kings and princesses of Shu in Ming Dynasty. The mausoleum was built in the Yide period of Ming Dynasty (1434), and it has experienced vicissitudes for more than 560 years. The ground buildings in the cemetery no longer exist, but the landscape is still relatively good, and the site is still there, especially the exquisite underground palace of Nuo Mausoleum is well preserved. At present, Shunuoling has been approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
The Ming Tombs are densely distributed and finely laid out, covering an area of about 5 square kilometers. It is the dividing line between Dajie Village and Qinglong Village, with undulating terrain, continuous hills, fertile fields and sparse forests. The scenery is elegant, and the Dongfeng Canal runs through the mausoleum from northwest to east. According to the examination, there used to be a thousand acres of lake in the mountains, named Qinglong Lake, and most of the tombs were along the mountain lake. The mountain on which the mausoleum depends, called Zhengjue Mountain in ancient times, is now called Daliangshan, with an altitude of 534 meters. The mountain shape is high in the north and low in the east and west. The hills in the southwest are 527 meters above sea level, slightly lower than Zhengjue Mountain. It is a Qinglongling, where two mountains intersect and form a Lingkou in the southeast. The whole mausoleum area is a treasure trove of geomantic omen, which is called "storing geomantic omen" and "concentrating".
The original branches in the mausoleum area should be dominated by pine and cypress. According to the examination, in the 1950s, there was still a large area of pine and cypress in Lingqu, but it was almost cut down by smelting steel, and now there are no traces of ancient trees. At present, there are eucalyptus trees and French phoenix trees along the Dongfeng Canal, both of which were cut down in the 1970s when the canal was repaired.
Second, landscape resources and their evaluation
(1) Mausoleum
There are ten tombs of King Shu and Princess Shu in the area. There are five tombs of Shu, three tombs of Shu Princess and two tombs of Shu County. The above-ground building of the original mausoleum no longer exists, but the shape of the site and the broken masonry can still be seen. In recent years, some buildings on the ground in King Shunuo's tomb have been rebuilt.
Shu Wang Mausoleum: The five tombs of Shu Wang are Wang Nuoling, Wang Chengling, Wang Huailing, Wang Huiling and Wang Zhaoling. In several places in China, the Municipal Landscape Architecture Society submitted a report to the Ministry of Construction at the end of 1998, which was completed by Yang, Zhang Chongrong. Now we only discuss the eastward development of our city.
Among the ancient imperial tombs, the Ming Tombs in Chengdu are only local tombs, which are much smaller than the Ming Tombs in Beijing and the Qing Tombs in Hebei. The construction of the tombs is also limited, but it still has its own characteristics.
Wang Chengling is the largest of the ten mausoleums. Wang Chengling is located in Qinglongling on the west bank of Dongfeng Canal, with a length of 490 meters from east to west and a width of 140 meters from north to south. Along the central axis, there are glazed tile roof doors, Shinto, Hengdian, Fangcheng Minglou and Baoding, and their ostentation and extravagance scale is close to the imperial tomb.
Wang Nuo's office is smaller than Wang Chengling's. Located on the south slope of Zhengjue Mountain, northeast to southwest. Its underground palace is exquisite and gorgeous, extremely luxurious. Its plane is a quadrangle with three entrances and three halls. Doors, windows and columns are all carved with imitation stone. The whole mausoleum resembles the palace where the owner was born, so it is known as "one of the most exquisite underground palaces in the tombs of ancient emperors in China".
The ground buildings in Wang Huailing, Wang Huiling and King of Zhao Monument are similar to those in Nuo Mausoleum, among which King of Zhao Monument excavated the underground palace, and its underground tombs are extremely magnificent.
2. Huaiwang Mausoleum: There are three Shu Mausoleums, namely Luojiang Mausoleum, Wangshan Feiling Mausoleum and Chengfeiling Mausoleum. Luokangling is the original Zhaoling of Shu, located at the southern foot of Zhengjue Mountain, southeast to northwest. This cemetery is two-thirds smaller than that of Sichuan, but the underground tomb is similar in structure to the underground palace of Shu. Wang Jifei's seat is close to the northwest of the king's tomb, running from northeast to southwest, and its scale is similar to that of. Princess Cheng Mausoleum is located in the north of Cheng Mausoleum in Kenlong City, which is also west to east, and its scale is similar to that of the king's tomb.
3. Tomb of the county king. The two county kings mourned for Huaihuai Tomb and the Tomb of the Unknown County King. The scale of the two tombs needs further research, but according to the existing data, their scale and underground buildings may be only slightly smaller than the tomb of Nuo Wang, which still has high scientific research value.
(2) Mausoleum and its layout
King Shu of Ming Chengzu once lived in Chengdu 10 and 13, and was buried in Phoenix Mountain and Tianhui Mountain after his death, focusing on fainting around Zhengjue Mountain. Royal tombs are concentrated in one place and have been customized from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. The location and layout of tombs pay more attention to geomantic omen. The so-called "building a mausoleum like a mountain, relying on the mountain as a mausoleum" and "the mausoleum is dominated by Feng Shui" and so on. The layout of the Ming Tombs in Chengdu also inherited the tradition of the factory, and the site selection and layout were all based on geomantic omen. The whole mausoleum area is surrounded by Zhengjue Mountain and Qinglongling in the north, east and west. Ten mausoleums are all built on the mountain. The tombs of Nuo King and Cheng King are the main tombs, and other tombs are distributed around according to the situation, forming a palm-shaped layout pointing to the center of the lake. This layout is different from the tree layout of the Ming Tombs in Beijing and the Qing Tombs in Hebei, and it is unique.
(c) Natural mountain water system
Mausoleum area is located in the transition zone from Chengdu Plain to Longquan Mountain, so it has both mountainous and plain landforms, forming a natural landscape close to mountains and rivers, which is not only a treasure house of tombs, but also a good condition for developing scenic tourism.
Three. Basis, necessity and feasibility of the project
(A) the basis of the project
Chengdu Urban Master Plan (Revised) and Chengdu Urban Garden and Green Space System Plan plan the location of the Ming Tombs as a historical and cultural scenic spot and the strategic outline of Chengdu's urban development from east to south. The Ming Tombs Scenic Area is listed as one of the development priorities, and the Ming Tombs are clearly defined as covering an area of six square kilometers.
(B) the necessity and importance of the project
L, the rapid development of urban construction in our city, as one of the urban infrastructure, the garden green space has also developed rapidly, and the per capita public green space has reached 3 square meters. However, compared with advanced cities such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Hangzhou (6.4 square meters per capita in Beijing and 37.9 square meters per capita in Shenzhen), there is a big gap compared with the minimum target of 7 square meters per capita required by the state for garden cities, which requires our city to develop garden green space on a large scale at a faster speed.
2. There are few public green spaces in the east of the city. If the city does not develop eastward synchronously, the proportion of public green space in the east will be seriously unbalanced. Therefore, the construction of the Ming Tombs is necessary for the rational layout of green space.
3. The east of the city is the sub-windward direction of the city, and the establishment of a large area of green space is helpful for the city to absorb fresh air and alleviate the urban heat island effect.
(3) Feasibility of the project
Chengdu Shiming Institute has a planned land area of 6 square kilometers, which has been identified as urban public green space by the overall urban planning.
2. There are both human and natural landscapes in the planning area, with excellent mountains and rivers. The land and climate are suitable for the growth of all kinds of plants and have good conditions for the construction of urban green space.
3. The construction of the Ming Tombs Scenic Area can be carried out in stages to facilitate its implementation. In the near future, 100 hectare will be developed, covering the northern part of the planning area, ancient lakes and lakeside tombs, and the rest of the planning area will be built on 2010 in 2000.
4. The land used by the Ming Tombs is rural collective cultivated land. The construction of green space can be carried out by the development and construction unit of the Ming Tombs and the development company formed by the district and township, instead of the usual land acquisition method, which can reduce the state investment and speed up the development of the Ming Tombs scenic spot.
The Ming Tombs are located between the Third Ring Road and the Outer Ring Road, surrounded by urban trunk roads, which is convenient for citizens to visit and will bring great social, environmental and economic benefits.
Four. Key points of development planning
(1) The development and construction of the Ming Tombs should be carried out in strict accordance with national laws and regulations on scenic spots and urban parks. Irrelevant projects are strictly forbidden to enter, and the planning and construction procedures are strictly followed to avoid similar mistakes in alkane flower scenic spots.
(2) The core area of the mausoleum group should be planned on the principle of protection, reconstruction, arrangement and old as old. Cultural relics should be protected, and the overall layout of the mountain water system should be protected; Rebuild 3-5 mausoleums, such as Nuo Mausoleum and Wang Chengling Mausoleum, as well as the main gods and related plastic sculptures. The rest of the tombs were only properly arranged, and the fragments were removed and put back to their original places for disposal as sites.
(3) Restore the ancient lakes, reproduce the old appearance of the Ming Tombs, and provide conditions for water recreation activities.
(four) the overall layout of the plan is; One lake, two axes and three areas, one lake is to rebuild the ancient lake, the other axis is to form the mausoleum axis with the main god road as the center, and the Dongfeng Canal as the link to form the natural pastoral scenery axis; The three areas are mausoleum area, comprehensive service area and sightseeing and gardening area.
(5) The mausoleum area should completely return farmland to forests and form a strong landscape of "trees and mountains" and "forests and seas". Among them, "Ling is more important than tree", and cypress must be YEATION. Sightseeing and gardening areas should combine agricultural production with characteristic tourism, highlighting forest plates and various ornamental plants of flowers and fruits.
(6) Road system: The mausoleum area shall be rebuilt in strict accordance with the original Shinto and auxiliary road system, and the road surface and materials shall be kept as original as possible, and vehicles are prohibited from entering the park.
(7) Set up special parking lots in the service area and sightseeing and gardening area, and sightseeing bus is not allowed to enter the mausoleum area.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) construction plan and capital channel
The Ming Tombs Scenic Area, with a planned land area of 6 square kilometers, is the largest urban garden in Chengdu. The development and construction of the Ming Tombs Scenic Area is a trans-century urban landscape and environmental ecological project, with large investment, heavy tasks, high starting point and quality requirements and fast speed requirements. Development should be planned in a unified way and implemented by stages. Investment channels should be national, county, township * * * investment in infrastructure and cemetery core areas, combined with sub-projects to attract investment, while opening up, try our best to speed up construction.
Development and construction will be carried out in three stages:
Last period: 1999-2000
Construction projects: mausoleum core area 100 hectare, land requisition and relocation households, greening projects, hydropower infrastructure, fences and gates, ground construction of Nuo mausoleum, reconstruction of ancient lakes, initial opening for sightseeing, with an estimated investment of 20 million yuan.
Mid-term; 200 1-2005
Construction project: ground building of Chengwang Mausoleum, public Shinto, comprehensive greening, layout of other mausoleums, construction of service facilities, comprehensive development of 6 square kilometers, forming a scenic area framework, with an estimated investment of 50 million yuan.
Forward: 2006-20 10.
Construction Project: Complete the construction of scenic spots, infrastructure, service facilities and entertainment projects. The Ming Tombs Scenic Area will be turned into the largest urban park in the urban area and a national first-class cultural relic garden, with an estimated investment of130,000 yuan.