Wulingyuan Scenic Area

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Wulingyuan Scenic Area is located in the northwest of Hunan Province. The orientation is 110°20'30"~110°41'15" east longitude and 29°16'25"~29°24'25" north latitude. Wulingyuan Scenic Area is a famous national tourist attraction, consisting of Zhangjiajie, Suoxiyu and Tianzi Mountain, with a total area of ​​369 square kilometers, of which 53.5 square kilometers are national first-level protected areas and 55.5 square kilometers are second-level protected areas. , the third-level protected area covers an area of ​​203 square kilometers. There are now 14 tourist routes of 70 kilometers and more than 560 scenic spots. Wulingyuan is a rare sandstone wind forest landform in the world. The entire scenic area is full of ravines, towering rock peaks, green trees, and flocks of animals and birds. It is known as "Nature's Labyrinth" and "The Most Wonderful Mountain in the World".

In 1988, the State Council approved Wulingyuan as a national key scenic spot, and approved the establishment of Zhangjiajie City under the provincial jurisdiction and the establishment of the Wulingyuan District People's Government to strengthen the protection and management of the scenic spot.

Wulingyuan was officially included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO in December 1992 according to the natural heritage selection standard N(III).

No.: 200-010

Related links: http://www.unesco.org/whc/sites/640.htm

World Heritage Committee evaluation :

The Wulingyuan scenery is spectacular and beautiful. It is located in Hunan Province, China, and stretches for more than 26,000 hectares. The most unique landscape in the scenic area is the more than 3,000 sharp sandstone pillars and sandstone peaks, most of which are more than 200 meters tall. high. Between the peaks, ravines and canyons crisscross, streams, ponds and waterfalls can be seen everywhere. There are more than 40 stone caves and two naturally formed huge stone bridges in the scenic area. In addition to its stunning natural landscape, the area is notable for harboring a large number of endangered plant and animal species.

Wulingyuan is located at the junction of Sangzhi County and Cili County in the middle section of the Wulingyuan Mountains in northwest Hunan Province, and belongs to Zhangjiajie City. It is composed of four major scenic spots with their own characteristics, namely Zhangjiajie National Forest Park and National Geopark, Suoxiyu, Tianzi Mountain and Yangjiajie Nature Reserve. The total area is 390.8 square kilometers, the central scenic area is 264 square kilometers, and the peripheral protection zone is 126.8 square kilometers.

Billions of years ago, this place was a roiling ocean. Quartz sandstone was deposited in the coastal area. After long-term erosion by flowing water and complex crustal movements, it formed the most unique sandstone peak forest landform in the area.

Wulingyuan was rediscovered in the early 1980s. The scenery here has not been artificially carved. It is full of stone pillars and peaks, cliffs, ancient and famous trees, clouds and smoke, flowing springs and waterfalls, and rare birds and animals. Being there, it feels like entering a magical world and an artistic landscape corridor that is naturally interesting. Wulingyuan's unique quartz sandstone peak forest is rare at home and abroad. These abrupt rock walls and peaks stretch for thousands of hectares and are layered with mountains. Steep rock peaks, vast forest seas, beautiful mountain streams, deep caves... "Three thousand peaks, forests and eight hundred waters" converge into this magical and wonderful world - Wulingyuan.

Wulingyuan Scenic Area has a relatively primitive ecosystem, with more than 3,000 peaks with strange shapes, more than 800 valleys, changing seas of clouds, mysterious caves, and rushing waterfalls. It is strange, dangerous, beautiful, secluded and wild, and has the reputation of "the most amazing peaks in the world belong to Wuling". Due to the power of nature, Wulingyuan is both romantic and mysterious. The peaks and rocks are jagged, the ravines are vertical and horizontal, and the mountains are flying, forming a patchwork, orderly, and richly layered landscape space sequence, showing an ups and downs of dynamic rhythm and rhythm. Among the peaks, with high platforms such as Tianzi Mountain and Huangshi Village as the center, a trend of "hundreds of birds paying homage to the phoenix" and "all the stars looming over the moon" is formed. For example, from Suoxi Valley to Tianzi Mountain via the Botanical Garden, Echo Wall, and Nantianmen, you will see beautiful peaks and new stone markers along the way. After ascending to the high platform of Tianzi Mountain, it suddenly opens up and you can have an unobstructed view of the nearby peaks and distant peaks. The clouds, mist and glow are all visible, which makes you feel relaxed and happy.

Wulingyuan stands out for its wonderful and comprehensive natural landscape and is well-known at home and abroad. Due to the specific geographical conditions, although it does not have an ancient and long history of development, it does not have the sacrifices of emperors, the steles and stone carvings inscribed by the sages of the past dynasties, and the praises of poets and poets that are universally recognized, it seems not without regret. But it brings more surprise and freshness to people. Wulingyuan is entirely its own. It does not require artificial decoration or heavy makeup. What it shows to people is its original and wild character of the prehistoric era. It is its unique style, outstanding style, aesthetic characteristics and scientific value that have made it a treasure land for scientific research and a paradise for viewing beauty. It can be said that Wulingyuan is the most precious heritage that the earth has given to all mankind.

The unique quartz sandstone peak forest in Wulingyuan Scenic Area is rare at home and abroad. It has the characteristics of incomparable, irreplaceable and indivisible, making it a unique and outstanding landscape. Its peaks and ridges are like forests, with peculiar shapes. There are 3,103 quartz sandstone pillar peaks in the area, and 243 peak pillars that are over 1,000 meters tall. These peaks have unique shapes, varying heights, and different styles, forming a spectacular spectacle. Among them, Camel Peak, Zuishi Peak and Wuzhi Peak are the most popular. represent. They may be steep and tall, or they may be graceful and graceful. The coexistence of masculine and feminine postures is pleasing to the eye.

The highest peak is Tu'er Wangyue Peak, with an altitude of 1,264.5 meters; there are 32 valleys with a length of more than 2,000 meters, with a total length of 84.6 kilometers. The most famous ones are Jinbian Creek, Shentang Bay, Shili Gallery and other canyons. Among the peaks and valleys, there are dozens of streams, springs, lakes and waterfalls, which have been flowing continuously for a long time due to drought. The scenery is pleasant and beautiful. Wulingyuan has a complete range of water features, including streams, springs, lakes, pools, waterfalls, etc., which are so colorful that they are known as "Eight Hundred Beautiful Waters". Yuanyang Waterfall flows down from a height of several hundred meters, making it very powerful and spectacular. Wulingyuan has lush forests, and Wuling pines are widely distributed and numerous in number. They are known as "one hundred and eight thousand pines". There are also rich karst caves between the mountains and rivers. Among them, Huanglong Cave is 15 kilometers deep, has 13 halls, 96 corridors, 3 waterfalls, 1 Yin River, and numerous stalagmites in different shapes, which is amazing. Wulingyuan enjoys a high reputation for its "strange peaks, deep valleys, beautiful waters, deep forests and karst caves" and is called the "Five Wonders" of Wulingyuan.

There are seven elegant and peaceful rural scenery in Wulingyuan Scenic Area. Shaping Tianyuan is surrounded by two streams, and the countryside rises gently until it connects with the peaks and mountains like a screen painting. Village houses are dotted with green trees, green bamboos and smoke from cooking fires, creating a strong lyrical atmosphere that is intoxicating. Most of the peaks are terraces with cliffs and deep valleys on three sides, which are often places where mountain people live and set up villages. The most famous ones are Huangshi Village, Yingwo Village, Luogu Village, Zangguan Village, etc. Wulingyuan is like a three-dimensional long-axis picture composed of dense forests, colorful streams, changing smoke clouds and simple pastoral scenery. It can be called a precious treasure for all mankind that combines the value of natural science and the value of primitive wild aesthetics. natural heritage.

Zhangjiajie, also known as Qingyan Mountain, covers an area of ​​130 square kilometers and is China's first national forest park. It is located in Wuling Mountain and is known as a bright scenic pearl. Zhangjiajie has a unique landform, with more than 2,000 stone peaks of various shapes, lush trees, and a forest coverage rate of 88%. It is surrounded by mountains, with steep slopes and deep ravines, and a warm and humid climate. There are many scenic spots in the area, especially Huangshi Village (see (Picture attached), Shadaogou, Golden Whip Rock, Golden Whip Creek, etc. are the most famous. There are seven main tourist routes: Huangshi Village, Jinbian Creek, Yaozi Village, Pipa Creek, Sha Daogou, Back Garden and Chaotian Temple.

Zhangjiajie is famous for its rocks. Three thousand strange peaks rise from the ground here, with different shapes. Some are like jade pillars and divine whips, standing on the ground and reaching the sky; some are like copper walls and iron walls, standing majestic; some are like shaking boards and eggs, crumbling; Exquisite and translucent...magical yet real, confusing yet real, it is not artistic creation that is better than artistic creation, it is breathtaking.

Summary

Wulingyuan is characterized by quartz sandstone peak forest and canyon landform. There are 3103 stone peaks in total. The peaks are distributed at an altitude of 500 to 1100 meters, with heights ranging from several Ranging from ten meters to 400 meters, this special landform is named "Quartz Sand Pillar Peak" landform. The quartz sandstone peak forest landform is characterized by pure quality and thick stone. The quartz content is 75% to 95%, and the rock layer is more than 520 meters thick. Wulingyuan has complex terrain, mild climate, abundant rainfall, lush forests, and original sub-forest plant communities. The forest coverage rate reaches 88%. There are 4 species of first-level protected plants and 19 species of second-level protected plants in China. There are 770 species of woody plants, among which Wuling pine is the only plant in this area. In addition, there are relics of the Tertiary period such as Davidia involucrata, Bole tree, Southern yew, White taxus, and Tricuspid cypress. Wulingyuan has 28 species of nationally protected animals, including the famous giant salamander (salamfish), as well as nationally protected animals such as clouded leopards and golden leopards.

Attractions in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park:

Southern Sky Pillar

——Southern Sky Pillar, 300 meters high, with one end supporting the sky and the other firmly anchoring the earth. Tall and solid, like Optimus Prime stone. Nantian Yizhu is located in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, along the Huangshi Village Tourist Route. Passing through the Nantian Gate, a stone peak rises to the sky from an unfathomable valley. It is as thick as the top and bottom, like a guard guarding the mountain. Powerful and unrestrained, extraordinary. There are many strange rocks in Wulingyuan, and this one is a typical example. When weathering causes the rocks to dissolve and break, and water erosion causes them to collapse along the crack surface, isolated stone pillars rise from the ground.

Pipa Creek

——Pipa Creek is surrounded by lush forests and rugged rock peaks, which is another wonderful scenery in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. The main attractions include Jiuzhongxian Pavilion, Wanglang Peak, Chaotian Temple, etc. Among them, Wanglang Peak is the most wonderful. Viewed from different angles, Wanglang Peak shows three postures, from an innocent girl to a mature and steady middle-aged woman, and then to an senile old woman.

Maoyan River

——Maoyan River, the upper reaches of Lishui River, is another new tourist attraction opened after the opening of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. It is located to the west of Zhangjiajie City 35 kilometers away. In 1986, Maoyan River launched the first rubber boat rafting tourism project in the country. Visitors can not only enjoy the beautiful canyon scenery but also experience the thrill and excitement of rapids and rapids by rafting along the river in a rubber boat. The rafting section of Maoyan River is the section north of Qingyutan, 20 kilometers west of Dayong City. Although the Maoyan River has dangerous shoals and fast currents, the slope of the river bed is small and the water level difference is not large. The rapids are short (generally only more than 20 meters long), but the distance between rapids is long (generally more than a kilometer). Therefore, The waves are moderate and the rafting is uneventful. The main attractions of Maoyan River include: Xuemengou, Dongzifang, Maoyan Beach, Jiaergou, Wentang Hot Spring, Mayang Ancient Ferry, Maoyan River Gorge, Shuidongzi Waterfall, etc.

There are green mountains, green waters and picturesque scenery along both sides of the river, so it is also called "Baili Gallery".

Mengdong River

——Mengdong River is 80 kilometers away from Zhangjiajie. Mengdong River rafting is the most famous. There are numerous peaks on both sides of the river, and the scenery is beautiful and pleasing to the eyes of tourists. Generally, rafting is from Hani Palace to Monkey Jump. There are many dangerous shoals and fast currents. The entire rafting process takes about 5 hours. Of course, you can also only float half the way, which is from Hani Palace to Nilu River Bridge. One section takes 3 hours. If you are rafting the entire journey, after arriving at Monkey Jump, a cruise ship will take you to Furong Town. The whole journey takes about 2 hours. If you start floating in the morning, you can float the whole way, and then visit Furong Town. If you start floating in the afternoon, you can only float half the way. When rafting, 6 to 10 people usually ride on a raft, and everyone wears a life jacket. The boat is supported by local stern workers, so there is no danger.

Dinghai Shenzhen

——Dinghai Shenzhen is located along the Huangshi Village tourist route. Five peaks, each like a needle sticking into the ground. According to legend, the Monkey King and his brother, the Macaque King, borrowed five embroidery needles from the Dragon King of the East China Sea to turn them into five peaks, three thousand feet into the ground, in order to prevent the treasure mountain from falling. It makes three thousand strange mountains and peaks stand tall and straight.

Jiutian Cave

——Jiutian Cave is located in Shuidong Village, Lifuta Township, 70 kilometers west of Zhangjiajie City and 17 kilometers southwest of Sangzhi County, north of Wulingyuan. It is named because it has nine skylights that connect it to the outside world. 2.5 kilometers south of the cave entrance, there is the Fengluanxi Natural Forest Park, which combines natural scenery and rich ethnic customs. Two kilometers southeast of the cave entrance, Lishui flows meanderingly like a silver ribbon. There are more than one hundred scenic spots and landscapes in Jiutian Cave, which are full of treasures, hidden treasures, mysterious and mysterious. It enjoys the title of "the crown of strange caves in the world" and "the largest cave in Asia". The cave is divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower. The lowest layer is more than 400 meters below the surface. There are 36 caves in the cave that are intertwined and connected. There are more than 30 halls, more than 10 caves in the mountains, 6 square Qianqiu fields, 5 self-generated bridges, 3 sections of Yin River, 3 natural lakes, 12 waterfalls, 3 wells and other scenery. The cave is densely covered with stone forests, suspended stalactites, and various exquisite scenery made of magma are graceful and graceful. The stalagmites, stone pillars, stone curtains, stone flowers, stone figures, stone animals, etc. in the cave are in various shapes and shapes, and they are indescribable. They are red, yellow, green, white, black and gray, which can be said to be colorful and dazzling. Among them, the three wonders of Jiuxing Mountain Jade Pillar, Jiutian Xuannv Palace and Shouxing Palace are the most beautiful sights in the world. In late September 1989, caving experts from the United States, Britain and Belgium visited Jiutian Cave and unanimously believed that Jiutian Cave has high scientific research value and tourism value.

Badagong Mountain

——Badagong Mountain is located in Sangzhi County, adjacent to Xuanen and Hefeng counties in western Hubei to the north, and more than 80 kilometers away from Sangzhi County. It was designated as a national nature reserve in 1998. Badagong Mountain is a vast forest and majestic mountain with a total area of ​​250 square kilometers. It has short summers and autumns and long winters and springs. The average annual rainfall is more than 2100 mm. It is one of the four major rainstorm centers in Hunan. The unique environment has enabled Badagong Mountain to breed and preserve the most complete and large-area native evergreen broad-leaved forest in the subtropics. It is known as a "green treasure house", a "natural museum" and a "gene bank of rare species in the world". In 1993, Badagong Mountain was included in the "China Human and Biological Reserve Network" (MBA). The endangered South China tiger has traces of survival in the area, so Badagong Mountain has high scientific investigation value.

Baofeng Lake

——Baofeng Lake is located in the south of Suoxiyu Town. It is an artificial lake formed by damming a gorge. The lake is elongated according to the mountainous terrain, about 9 kilometers long. The green peaks on the lakeside and the green water in the lake complement each other. The water surface is like a mirror, reflecting the peaks. Entering "Bieyou Cave", you can climb more than 300 steep stone steps carved into the rock wall of Baofeng Mountain to reach the top of the mountain. There is a pool of clear water on the top of the 72-meter-high dam, which is known as the "Jade Pool in the Sky" Baofeng Lake. Dang boating on the lake, climb the exquisite green island in the middle of the lake, and feel like you are in a painting. Climb up to the towering Yingwo Village by the lake and look down. Baofeng Lake looks like exquisite jasper embedded in the mountains and forests.

Conch Emerging from the Water

——This stone rock is 200 meters high, small at the top and large at the bottom, twisting and circling, standing on the slope of the empty valley. When the fog lifts and the peak is exposed, it looks like a conch emerging from the water.

Overpass piers

——These are six circular stone pillars with a height of more than 200 meters. They are located in the valley stream to the west of Huangshi Village, 300 meters apart from each other, and lined up. Starting from the first stone pillar, it rises in sequence, and then descends from the fourth stone pillar, forming an arched arc, which is very much like a group of bridge piers, which is a wonder.

Treasure Box of the Book of Heaven

——This towering stone peak has a rectangular stone shaped like a box on the top, and the "box lid" has been pulled out half, which is very similar to the myth. A stolen "treasure box" that contained the Book of Heaven.

The Sea of ​​Mist Turtle

——On the platform at the top of this stone peak, an oval rock about 5 meters long, 1 meter wide and 2 meters high is slightly raised. Much like a turtle. Whenever the clouds and mist surround it, it pokes its head out and squirms slowly, which is extremely bizarre.

Five Finger Peak

——It is five side-by-side stone pillars with uneven lengths and regular intervals, very much like five outstretched fingers.

Star-catching platform

——Star-catching platform, with an altitude of 1082 meters, the top is suspended to the south, much like a high platform springboard in a swimming pool. The bright moon is in the sky, standing on the stage, the sky is full of stars, as if you can reach out and pick them.

Yuping Peak

——Yuping Peak, more than 100 meters high, has a round belly and a thin neck, like a vase made of jade, placed among green trees and flowers.

Overpass

——Overpass, 20 meters high and 40 meters long, with both ends connected to the ground, like a crescent moon. There are cliffs and deep valleys on both sides of the bridge, which is extremely thrilling. Tian Rongchao, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, lamented the sky bridge and said: "Two mountains cut through an empty door, and a door split open the two mountains. How many gods can't close it, and only white clouds can seal it for many years."

Back Garden

——The back garden is located to the east of Huangshi Village, a broad valley with dozens of small stone peaks distributed among it. In the valley, there are luxuriant flowers and trees, gurgling water, and chirping of birds. It is quiet and elegant. The two oblique round doors in the "Garden" are formed by the collapse of huge stone walls, with round double arches, very much like the Moon Gate.

Condor Whip Guard

——The "Condor" is a 320-meter-high stone peak located in the northeast of Golden Whip Rock. It is shaped like an eagle's beak and has uneven peaks. Just like the slightly spread wings of an eagle, they closely protect the Golden Whip Rock. Hence the name Condor Whip.

The Ecstasy Platform

The Ecstasy Platform is divided into two levels. The first level is 2 meters higher than the second level and covers an area of ​​about 100 square meters. The second level is suspended in the air and stretches horizontally, and can seat more than a dozen people. Looking from here, the scattered stone peaks are broken and connected; the mist is as misty as smoke, and the peaks appear and disappear, making it difficult to distinguish between heaven and earth.

The No. 1 Bridge in the World

——It is 357 meters high, 40 meters long, 3 meters wide and 15 meters thick. It is suspended between two peaks and is extremely majestic.

Golden Whip Rock

——Golden Whip Rock, with a relative height of 350 meters, thin at the top and thick at the bottom, with a sharp top, like a long golden whip stuck in the ground. Legend has it that Qin Shihuang drove the mountains and reclaimed the sea here with a fairy whip, but the Dragon King of the East China Sea discovered it and sent his daughter to stop it. The Dragon Girl charmed Qin Shihuang with her beauty and exchanged the fake whip for the fairy whip. After Qin Shihuang found out, he abandoned the fake whip here and turned it into this mountain peak.

Split the Mountain to Save the Mother

——The upper part of this tower-shaped rock peak split into two pieces, as if it was split by the axe-shaped rock peak on the right. When visitors come here, they will be reminded of the myth of "splitting the mountain to save his mother".

Golden Whip Creek

——Golden Whip Creek is named after it flows through Golden Whip Rock. It is 5,700 meters long and runs through cliffs and peaks. The valley has lush vegetation. , the stream is clear all year round, and is known as the "Landscape Gallery" and "Wonderland on Earth". There is a poem that praises: "The clear flowing water and the green mountains are like a painted screen, and people are like immortals. If an immortal walks in the painting, he can look at the sky with every step he takes."

Suoxiyu Natural Scenic Area is known as "two thousand peaks and eight hundred waters". There are more than 2,000 peaks in the area, as well as 19 ravines and 6 streams. Here the mountains and water complement each other, creating a wonderful picture of "more strange because of water, more beautiful because of water". Baipu Creek is the most spectacular scenery in Suoxi Valley. There are waterfalls everywhere here, with water flowing vertically and horizontally. Where they gather, it naturally becomes a veritable "Hundred Waterfalls Creek". There are more than 100 large limestone caves in Suoxi Valley, and more than 10 of them can be visited. The most distinctive one is Huanglong Cave, known as the "Underground Pearl". There is a palace in the stream, and there is a river in the palace. It is grand in scale and full of atmosphere.

Suoxiyu Scenic Area Attractions:

Shui Rao Si Gate

——Shui Rao Si Gate is located at the exit of Jinbian River, covering an area of ​​20 hectares and four Streams meet here, surrounded by green peaks and mountains, which are strange, wild, steep, dangerous, secluded, beautiful and clever.

Shili Gallery

There is a Ganxi ditch in Suoxi Valley, which is about two to three hundred meters wide and ten miles long. People call it "Shili Gallery". The banks of the shallow stream are lined with strange and colorful stone peaks, and dense trees, flowers and plants spread from the stream bank to the top of the mountain.

Yuanyang Waterfall

——Yuanyang Waterfall is 5 meters wide in dry season and more than 10 meters wide in rainy season. The waterfall is more than 50 meters high and has two sections, one up and one down. The sound below is like thunder and majestic; the sound above is like lightly sprinkled silver powder, as misty as smoke. One is strong and the other is soft, a perfect match for mandarin ducks.

Nantianmen

——Nantianmen is 10 meters high, 16 meters wide and 8 meters thick. It is surrounded by ancient trees and beautiful peaks. The front door is spacious and flat and can accommodate hundreds of people.

The Old Man Collecting Herbs

——The Old Man Collecting Herbs is also known as Old Man’s Rock. He carried a basket of herbs on his shoulders, his waist was stooped, his face was full of wrinkles, and he was walking in a hurry.

Huanglong Cave

——Huanglong Cave has 13 halls, 96 corridors, 3 waterfalls and a Yin River. The cave is 15 kilometers deep and has a total area of ​​20 hectares. It is divided into Dragon Palace, There are six tourist areas including Crystal Palace, Shiqin Mountain, Tianxian Water, Cactus and Xiangshui River. Inside the cave, there are meandering stalactites, stone pillars, stone curtains, stone waterfalls, stone rivers, stone whips, stone flowers, etc., which are colorful, exquisite and beautiful.

Dragon Palace

——Dragon Palace is the essence of Huanglong Cave, covering an area of ​​1,600 square meters. The "Dragon King Throne" is located in the center, 12 meters high and 9 meters in diameter. It is commanding and imposing. , surrounded by stone pillars and stalagmites to worship the king.

The Tianzi Mountain Scenic Area is located in the north of Wulingyuan, adjacent to the mountains and rivers of Zhangjiajie and Suoxiyu. It is one of the three major scenic areas in Wulingyuan, with a total area of ​​67 square kilometers. Tianzi Mountain has an altitude of 1,262.5 meters (Kunlun Peak) and a minimum of 534 meters. There are more than 40 kilometers of sightseeing routes around the mountain. The landscape is unique and thrilling, and it is famous all over the world for its high, large and numerous peaks. Tianzi Mountain is known as the "King of Peaks". There are many stone peaks and ravines on the east, west and south sides.

The majestic stone forest may be like swords, spears, swords and halberds piercing the sky, or it may be like thousands of troops galloping forward, or it may be like the looming Penglai fairyland.

Tianzi Mountain Scenic Area got its name from the Tujia leader Xiang Wang (named Dakun) who claimed to be the emperor in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Many scenic spots in the area are also related to this, such as Tianzizhou, Baojian Peak, Longyi Rock, etc.

Tianzi Mountain is a platform landform type. Geologically, it can be divided into upper and lower layers. The upper layer is above an altitude of 900 meters and is Permian muddy limestone. Below 900 meters are the original Devonian sandstone and quartz sandstone. Horizontal spreading distribution. The unique landform of canyons and plate-like stone peaks on both sides. The terrain of Tianzi Mountain is higher than that of the surrounding areas. When viewing the scenery from the top of the mountain, you have a broad field of vision, long perspective lines, rich layers, and majestic momentum. From the main peak of Tianzi Mountain, you can have a panoramic view over a hundred miles. Tianzi Mountain is mysterious, dangerous and quiet, and is especially famous for its stone forest wonders. The stone peaks here are like the naturally occurring "terracotta caves" of Emperor Qin. The "Yubi Peak" is a miraculous workmanship, the "Fairy Bridge" is a heavenly design, the "Fairy Presents Flowers" is a heavenly creation, and the "Qu Zi Xing Yin" is both physical and spiritual. Such a landscape makes people suddenly daydream and marvel at the magic and magnificence of nature.

Tianzi Mountain is known as a virgin land of natural scenery with "unparalleled beauty in the world, and high mountains that no one has ever seen". It has an overpass, two Tianchis, three ancient temples, four Tianmen, five flying springs, and six Cave Mansion, seven scenic spots, and 84 natural viewing platforms. It combines strangeness, danger, beauty, secludedness, and wildness into one. The stone forests are in various shapes, standing like swords, spears, and halberds piercing the sky, or like thousands of troops galloping forward. The clouds and mist that permeate the mountainside and valley bottom are unpredictable. Sometimes they surge like rolling waves, and sometimes they float like strands of gossamer.

Tianzi Mountain has four wonders: cloud waves, moonlight, rosy sun, and winter snow. It is especially famous for its clouds and mist, which constitute spectacular sea of ​​clouds, cloud waves, clouds, cloud waterfalls and other unique scenes. The most eye-catching thing is the Cloud Waterfall. Due to changes in wind direction and air pressure, the clouds and mist suddenly fall diagonally from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the valley, like a waterfall, and the scene is extraordinary. It is especially spectacular when it clears up after the rain. The rushing clouds and mist form waterfalls, waves, waves, and catkins in various shapes, which are vast and magnificent.

The sunrise in Tianzi Mountain is bright in the sky, the sunset is endless in the sky, and the green mountains are covered with moonlight, like a lyric poem or a wonderful painting; the emperor is snowed in winter and wrapped in silver, which is particularly special. enchanting.

The splendid Tianzi Mountain in the morning glow is like an oil painting; the Tianzi Mountain under the moonlight is hazy and blurry like a landscape painting; the Tianzi Mountain in winter is a silver world... Many scenic spots are covered with mysterious veils , telling touching stories, attracting people to explore and explore.

Tianzi Mountain Scenic Area Attractions:

Shengtang Bay

——Shengtang Bay is a large deep valley with hundreds of feet of cliffs on all sides, and the bay is bottomless. . The virgin forest covers the bottom of the valley, which is unfathomable and very thrilling. Approaching the bay, there seemed to be a sound of gongs and drums, people shouting and horses neighing, which was very strange. Legend has it that Emperor Xiang Wang was defeated in battle and jumped off a cliff to his death. The surrounding peaks felt his heroism and came together to form what is now Shentang Bay.

Heavenly Soldiers Gathering

——30 stone peaks rise from the ground here, crowded in a narrow valley, majestic, like a group of soldiers standing in line.

Fairy Scattered Flowers

——Fairy Scattered Flowers is located in Tianzi Mountain Nature Reserve and is classified as Shijiayan Tourist Line. The stone peaks stand tall in the clouds, and the shape is extremely enchanting. The shrubs on the top of the rock are dripping green, and the wild flowers at the foot and mountainside are like brocade. Every spring evening, the sky wind blows and the flowing clouds float, like a fairy.

Immortal Bridge

——The Immortal Bridge is 26 meters long, 1.6 meters wide, 1 meter thick, and 67 meters high. It is flying between two cliffs. It is a marvelous and thrilling place. And strange.

The Garden in the Sky

——The Garden in the Sky is located next to the Tujia Village 2,000 meters to the left of Tianzishanku, and is usually included in the Laowuchang tourist route. The altitude is more than 1,000 meters. Below it is a deep valley with a vast abyss, and above the valley there are 3 hectares of sloping trapezoidal farmland. The countryside is full of green peaks, towering trees, and surrounded by white clouds, just like a vigorous landscape painting. When you board the "Sky Garden", you will feel the breeze blowing in your sleeves and the clouds and mist wrapped around you, as if you are in a fairyland. You will have the feeling of "the green peaks are ringing, the mountains are ringing with flowing springs, and you are in the countryside, as if you are among colorful clouds." Due to the high terrain, the "Sky Garden" often appears shy and does not want to show its face. When the sunlight penetrates the clouds and mist and shines on the "aerial pastoral", it shows a spectrum of red, yellow, green and purple colors, which is particularly gorgeous. In this almost isolated "field in the sky", there are seventy or eighty families living. They have been hardworking and frugal for generations, living a "half-human, half-immortal" life.

Yubi Peak

——It is three stone peaks side by side, with different heights. There are pine trees growing on the peaks, which look like several brushes stuck upside down. Legend has it that this is the "imperial pen" of Emperor Xiang Wang, hence the name Yubi Peak. The place is surrounded by clouds and mist, sinking and floating, and is known as "Qiongshan Fairy Pavilion".

The largest statue in the country - the Bronze Statue of He Long

The Bronze Statue of He Long stands in He Long Park (He Long Park is located on the left side of the 1,200-meter Thousand Layer Rock, generally classified as a stone Home Eaves Tour Line). The bronze statue of He Long standing on the "Yun Qingyan" was built in 1986. It is 6.5 meters high and weighs 9 tons. It is the largest bronze statue built in my country in the past century. The bronze statue carries the green mountains on its back and faces the Shentang Bay. It is dignified, solemn and harmonious in the painting of green mountains and green waters. It vividly reproduces the distinctive image of Marshal He Long: thick eyebrows, big eyes, a mustache, his right forearm raised, holding a pipe, Smiling and gazing at the stone peaks and cliffs of my hometown.

A majestic war horse next to him raised his head, as if waiting for his master to set off on the journey. He Long's "two kitchen knives to make a revolution", the Nanchang Uprising, the 25,000-mile Long March, the Anti-Japanese War... have outstanding achievements and have gone through many vicissitudes of life. The stone tablets surrounding the bronze statue of He Long are engraved with inscriptions by central leaders such as Peng Zhen, Hu Yaobang, and Liao Hansheng.

The cultural landscape of Tianzi Mountain Scenic Area also includes Tianzi Pavilion.

Some people think that you can better understand Wulingyuan by going to Tianzi Mountain. In 1992, a new scenic spot, Yangjiajie, was discovered in the northwest corner of Zhangjiajie. This new scenic spot has a total area of ​​3,400 hectares and has more than 250 scenic spots. The icing on the cake for Wulingyuan.

Yangjiajie borders Zhangjiajie to the east and Tianzi Mountain to the north, with beautiful mountains and rivers and picturesque scenery. There are three tourist areas: Xiangzhi River, Longquan Gorge and Baihou Valley. The peaks of Xiangzhi River are high in the sky, the streams are deep and the water is clear. The ancient road in the setting sun, with the chirping of birds and the chirping of cicadas, is like a paradise; the longquan gorge is lined with cliffs, which are natural barriers, like a spectacular ancient city wall; the Hundred Monkey Valley is the home of macaques and egrets. Macaques appear among the cliffs and valleys, and groups of egrets inhabit the green branches and green leaves... There are also the "King of Cliff Vine" and strange five-color flowers that are praised as "the first vine in China"...

According to legend, the Yang family generals of the Northern Song Dynasty set up camp in Tianzi Mountain when they were encircling and suppressing the emperor. Later, due to the protracted war, the Yang family reproduced their descendants here, making this place the "Yang Family Realm". Today, Yangjiajie still preserves the "Yang Family Genealogy" and the Yang family ancestral tombs from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with place names such as "Liulang Bay", "Qilang Bay", "Zongbao Bay" and "Tianbo Mansion".

Attractions in Yangjiajie Scenic Area:

Generals of the Yang Family

——There are eight stone peaks arranged on three sides, which are magnificent and majestic. Legend has it that when the Yang family generals were stationed in Yangjiajie, they only held one military meeting, and then they went their separate ways to fight. After their death, they turned into eight stone peaks standing here to commemorate that military meeting.

"Tianbo Mansion" Ruins

——There are dozens of cliffs here, which are uneven and look like ruins. The scene is spectacular. According to legend, this is the site of the Yang family's "Tianbo Mansion".

The beauty of Wulingyuan lies in mystery and nature. Complementing the natural scenery is the simple pastoral scenery. Wulingyuan is an inhabited area of ​​Tujia, Bai, Miao and other ethnic minorities. Terraced fields and houses are dotted among the green mountains and green waters. There are green trees and smoke curling up from cooking stoves. If you are lucky enough to catch a local festival, you can also Enjoy folk songs and dances. They are integrated with the mountains and dense forests of Wulingyuan to form a primitive and vast picture.

Appendix 1: Supplementary data on Wulingyuan

Wulingyuan is located in the third uplift zone of New China in the regional tectonic system. In the long geological historical period, it has roughly experienced Wuling-Xuefeng, Indosinian, Yanshan, Xishan and neotectonic movements. The Wuling-Xuefeng movement established the basement structure of this area. The Indosinian movement shaped the basic tectonic and geomorphological framework of this area, and Mount Himalayas and neotectonic movements are one of the most basic intrinsic factors that formed Wulingyuan’s unique quartz sandstone peak forest landscape.

The strata that make up the sandstone peak forest landform are mainly composed of the Yuntaiguan Formation and Huangjiadun Formation of the Middle and Upper Devonian in the Paleozoic. The strata show the characteristics of coastal facies clastic rocks. The rock is pure in quality, thick in layers, gentle in bottom shape, and has well-developed vertical joints. The rock is exposed on the syncline outline, reflecting the special geological structural environment and basic conditions for the formation of the sandstone peak forest landscape. The water erosion and gravity collapse caused by external geological activities, as well as the biochemical and physical weathering of organisms, are the indispensable external conditions that shape the Wulingyuan landform landscape. Therefore, its formation is the result of long-term interaction of internal and external geological gravity in a specific geological environment.

●Quartz sandstone peak forest landform: Wulingyuan has 3103 stone peaks. The peaks are distributed at an altitude of 500 to 1100 meters, with heights ranging from dozens of meters to 400 meters. The landscape shape of the peak forest is perfect and perfect. It can be like a human, a god, an immortal, a bird, an animal, or an object. The characteristics of Wulingyuan quartz sandstone peak forest landform are: pure quality, thick stone, quartz content of 75% to 95%, and rock layer thickness of more than 520 meters. It has an interlayered layer structure, that is, thick layers of quartz sandstone sandwiched between thin and extremely thin layers of mica siltstone or shale. This layer structure is conducive to natural sculpture and enhances the image. The rock formations are exposed on the syncline and have a gentle profile (5° to 8°, with a local maximum of 20°), which increases the stability of the rock and provides prerequisites for the rise of the peak forest. Vertical joints in the rock formations are developed, showing isometric characteristics. The spacing is generally more than 15 to 20 meters, which provides conditions for shaping various peak forest landforms and deep canyons. Based on the above factors, coupled with the intermittent uplift and tilt of regional neotectonic movements, water erosion and cutting, gravity, physical weathering, biochemistry and root splitting, the mountains evolve according to a complex natural process. The peak forest is formed, showing the characteristics of high height, flat top and steep walls.

●Tectonic erosion landform: Wulingyuan tectonic erosion landform is mainly exposed in the Permian and Triassic carbonate distribution areas. It covers an area of ​​30.6 square kilometers and can be divided into five subcategories. It can be called It is a typical representative of the "Western Hunan type" karst landscape. The main forms include solution lines, solution marks, solution nests, solution buckets, solution ditches, solution troughs, stone buds, buried stone buds, stone forests, holes, depressions, stone films, funnels, sinkholes, shafts, skylights, undercurrents, and underground Rivers, karst springs, etc. Karst caves are mainly concentrated on the north side of Suoxiyu Valley and on the southeastern edge of Tianzi Mountain, with a total of dozens of them.

Huanglong Cave is the most typical one and is known as the "treasure house of speleology research". It has special value in speleology in terms of sightseeing and exploration.

● Denudation structural landforms: distributed in Silurian clastic areas, found in three subtypes: clastic rock mid-mountain single-sided mountain landforms, distributed in quartz sand