Aqueduct structure

Aqueduct consists of inlet and outlet section, trough body, supporting structure and foundation. ① Import and export: including the gradual transition section of import and export, the groove and abutment connected with the channels on both sides of the strait, retaining wall, etc. Its function is to make the water flow in the channel smoothly connect with the water flow in the channel, reduce the head loss and prevent scouring. (2) Trough body: it mainly plays the role of water conveyance, and also plays the role of longitudinal beam for arched aqueduct with beam and bent arch structure. The cross-sectional shapes of the tank are rectangular, trapezoidal, U-shaped, semi-elliptical and parabolic. Rectangular and u-shaped are commonly used. The section form and size are mainly selected according to hydraulic calculation, materials, construction methods and supporting structure forms. Some aqueducts combine the aqueduct body with the supporting structure. ③ Supporting structure: Its function is to transfer the load on the supporting structure to the foundation, and then to the foundation. According to the different supporting structures, aqueducts can be divided into beam, arch, beam truss, truss arch and cable-stayed type. The supporting structure of beam aqueduct includes gravity pier, reinforced concrete bent frame (Figure A) and pile bent frame. The supporting structure of arched aqueduct consists of pier, main arch ring and arch structure. The load of the tank is transferred to the main arch ring through the arch structure, and then transferred to the pier by the main arch ring. According to the different structural forms on the arch, the arch aqueduct can be divided into two types: solid-core aqueduct and hollow aqueduct. Truss arch aqueduct can be divided into four types according to the structural characteristics and the position of the aqueduct body on the truss arch: through type, through type, through type and compound arch type. The supporting structure of cable-stayed aqueduct consists of tower body and pier (or cap), and the trough body is suspended by stay cables fixed on the tower body. ④ Foundation: It is the substructure of the aqueduct, and its function is to transfer all the weight of the aqueduct to the foundation.