Project composition of marine hydrometeorological forecast

There are more than 2 marine hydrometeorological forecast projects. It mainly includes ocean waves, tides, tidal currents, storm surges, earthquakes and tsunamis, water temperature, salinity, density, sound speed, sea ice, ocean currents and strong winds, typhoons, sea fog, visibility, etc., and has developed from simple ocean condition forecasting to application forecasting and professional forecasting with great economic significance, including fishing situation forecasting, best route recommendation, special development operation support services, various marine disaster warnings and marine pollution forecasting. Marine hydrometeorological forecast is divided into short-term forecast (aging within 3 days), medium-term forecast (aging within 3 ~ 1 days) and long-term forecast (aging is generally one month). Sometimes short-term forecasts with aging time of several hours and ultra-long-term climate outlook with aging time of several months or even years are also published. The method of forecasting varies with the content of forecasting, time limit and the level of scientific and technological development. Empirical forecasting method is found in the early stage of ocean forecasting, and it is still used in single station forecasting. Weather chart forecasting method is widely used in forecasting short-term marine weather, waves and storm surges, but it has gradually moved towards mechanization and automation in chart filling and analysis. Objective forecasting methods, including harmonic period analysis method, statistical pre-inference method, statistical dynamic forecasting method and dynamic numerical forecasting method, have been widely used in many forecasts. It is a necessary way for the automation and quantification of marine hydrometeorological forecasting, and it is also the development direction.