What did Tomb-Sweeping Day say?
Festival introduction
Tomb-sweeping Day, whose English standard translation is Tom B-Sweeping Day or Pure Brightness, is one of the 24 solar terms in China. This festival has been listed as a national holiday.
Xinhuanet Beijing 65438+February 8th The General Office of the State Council recently issued a notice on some holiday arrangements in 20 10.
According to the notice, according to the State Council's decision to amend the National Holidays and Remembrance Days, Tomb-Sweeping Day will have a three-day holiday. ) Because the twenty-four solar terms objectively reflect the changes of temperature, rainfall and phenology throughout the year, the ancient laborers in Dumu used them to arrange farming activities. "Huainanzi Astronomical Training" says: "Fifteen days after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to B, and the Qingming wind is coming." According to the centenarian question, "everything grows clean and bright at this time." So it is called Qingming. " As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises and the rainfall increases, which is a good time for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there is an agricultural proverb that "before and after Qingming, point melons and plant beans" and "planting trees is not as good as Qingming". It can be seen that this solar term is closely related to agricultural production.
However, Qingming, as a festival, is different from pure solar terms. Solar terms are symbols of phenological changes and seasonal order in China, while festivals contain certain customs and activities, which have certain commemorative significance.
Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional festival in China, and it is also the most important festival to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Grave-sweeping is commonly known as going to the grave and offering sacrifices to the dead. Most Han people and some ethnic minorities visit graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
According to the old custom, when sweeping graves, people should bring food, wine, fruit, paper money and other items to the cemetery, offer food to the graves of their loved ones, then burn the paper money, cultivate new soil for the graves, break some green branches and insert them in front of the graves, then kowtow and worship, and finally go home after eating and drinking. The poem Qingming written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "There are many rains during the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " Write about the special atmosphere in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the outing festival, according to the solar calendar, between April 4th and 6th every year, it is the season of beautiful spring and lush vegetation, and it is also a good time for people to have a spring outing (called outing in ancient times), so the ancients had the custom of going for an outing in Qingming and carrying out a series of sports activities. In ancient times, there was another saying called "March Festival".
To this day, the custom of worshipping ancestors and mourning the dead relatives in Tomb-Sweeping Day is still very popular. [ 1]
Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the traditional festivals of the Han nationality in China and one of the 24 solar terms in China, and the time is around April 5th in the solar calendar every year. In ancient times, it was said that the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day was the "Cold Food Festival". According to legend, it began in the Spring and Autumn Period when Jin Wengong mourned the event of "cutting stocks to satisfy hunger", and then gradually the Qingming cold food became one.
According to legend, after Dayu's flood control, people used the language of "Qingming" to celebrate that the flood had been eliminated and the world was at peace. At this time, spring blossoms, everything recovers, and the sky is clear and bright, which is a good season for spring outing. Going for an outing began as early as the Tang Dynasty and has become a habit throughout the ages. In addition to enjoying the beautiful lakes, mountains and spring scenery, we also carry out various entertainment activities to increase the interest of life.
Grave-sweeping is very popular in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In fact, sweeping graves is the content of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before. It is said that cold food originated in Jin Wengong to mourn Jiexiu. During the twenty years of Emperor Xuanzong's reign, he ordered the world to "eat cold food in the ground". Because cold food is associated with Qingming, it gradually spread to sweeping graves in Qingming. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, grave sweeping became more popular. In ancient times, children often flew kites when sweeping graves. Some kites are equipped with bamboo flutes, which can make a sound when the wind blows, just like the sound of kites. It is said that this is the reason why kites get their names.
There are many lost customs in Tomb-Sweeping Day, such as wearing willow, shooting willow and swinging. It has been circulating for a long time in ancient times. According to records, Tomb-Sweeping Day was the most important custom in Liao Dynasty. From the imperial court down to the common people, people liked to swing, and ladies gathered, and the wind of outing [2] was also extremely prosperous.
Tomb-Sweeping Day was very common in the Northern Song Dynasty, and now Zhang Zeduan's < < > depicts the characters on both sides of the Bianliang (Kaifeng) Bianhe River in Tokyo during Huizong Qingming period in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Since 2008, China has recognized Tomb-Sweeping Day as a legal holiday with one day off. It was changed to three days in 2009. Has continued to this day.
The origin of festivals
Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important traditional folk festival in China, and it is one of the eight important festivals: Shangyuan, Qingming, Long Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Central Plains, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve. Generally speaking, in the traditional festival introduction map of China, it is April 5th of the solar calendar, but its festival cycle is very long. There are two sayings: eight days before the tenth day and ten days after the tenth day, and these twenty days belong to Tomb-Sweeping Day.
It is said that the origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day began with the "grave-sweeping" ceremony of ancient emperors and generals. Later, people followed suit, and it became a fixed custom of the Chinese nation to worship ancestors and sweep graves on this day. Originally, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day were two different festivals. In the Tang Dynasty, the day of sweeping graves was designated as the Cold Food Festival. The correct date of the Cold Food Festival is from winter to the future 105, around Tomb-Sweeping Day. Because the two dates are similar, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Cold Food merged into one day.
The custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors and sweeping graves in front of graves originated very early in China. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people attached great importance to tombs. Mencius and Qi People in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period also mentioned a person who was laughed at by Qi people. He often went to the tomb of Dongguo to beg for offerings from the tomb, which showed that sweeping graves was very popular during the Warring States period. When I arrived in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, I designated cold food sweeping the grave as one of the "five rituals". Therefore, whenever Tomb-Sweeping Day comes, "the fields and roads are crowded with scholars and women, and the servants and beggars of soap merchants get their parents' graves." (Liu Zongyuan's Book with Xu Jingzhao) Grave sweeping has become an important social custom.
In spring, when it is still cold, it is forbidden to make a fire to eat cold food, for fear that some old, weak women and children can't stand the cold. In order to prevent cold food from harming their health, outdoor activities such as hiking, outing, swinging, playing football, playing polo, inserting willows, tug of war, fighting cocks, etc. It has been decided that everyone should come out to bask in the sun, exercise their bones and muscles and increase their resistance. Therefore, in addition to worshipping ancestors and sweeping graves, Tomb-Sweeping Day also has various outdoor fitness activities, which makes this festival not only have sentimental feelings of pursuing the future with caution, but also incorporate the atmosphere of enjoying spring with joy; There are both sad and sour tears in Where Are You Going, and vivid and bright scenes everywhere. This is really a very special festival. Grave-sweeping in Tomb-Sweeping Day is a festival custom related to funeral customs. According to records, in ancient times, "tombs were not graves", that is to say, only graves were dug and graves were not built, so sacrifices were not recorded. Later, graves and graves, the custom of offering sacrifices to sweep graves, were supported. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, tomb sacrifice has become an indispensable ritual activity.
According to the biography of Yan Yannian in the Han Dynasty, although Yan is thousands of miles away from Beijing, her family will still return to the East China Sea Tomb in Qingming. Yan Yannian's behavior is reasonable in terms of the development and strengthening of ancestor worship and consanguinity consciousness of China people. Therefore, the tomb sacrifices that were not included in the norms in ancient times were also included in the Five Rites: "It is appropriate for a scholar to go to the grave and be included in the Five Rites, and it will always be a routine." With the official affirmation, the wind of tomb sacrifice is bound to prevail.
Because the days of Qingming and cold food are close, cold food is the day when people ban fire to sweep graves. Gradually, cold food and Qingming become one, and cold food has become another name of Qingming and a custom of Qingming period. Tomb-Sweeping Day doesn't move fireworks, but only eats cold food. One of the 24 solar terms. On April 4 or 5 or 6 every year, folk customs sweep graves during this period.
Due to the custom of ancestor worship, grave sweeping and mountain climbing in vast areas of China, it has gradually evolved into a traditional festival for China people to commemorate their ancestors by grave sweeping and worship. At the turn of mid-spring and late spring, it is generally 65,438+006 days from winter to the future, the day after the Cold Food Festival. Grave-sweeping activities can last about ten days before and after the festival.
Festivals of all ethnic groups
There are 25 nationalities in China who have visited Tomb-Sweeping Day. Although the customs vary from place to place, the basic theme is to sweep the grave to worship the ancestors and go outing. Influenced by the Han culture, 24 ethnic minorities in China, such as Manchu, Hezhe, Zhuang, Oroqen, Dong, Tujia, Miao, Yao, Li, Shui, Jing and Qiang, also have the customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Festival custom
Tomb-Sweeping Day's customs are rich and interesting. In addition to paying attention to the prohibition of fire to sweep graves, there are a series of customs and sports activities such as jogging, swinging, cuju, playing polo and inserting willows. Legend has it that Tomb-Sweeping Day visited the grave because Tomb-Sweeping Day wanted to ban cold food and fire. In order to prevent the harm of cold food and cold meal to people, we all take part in some sports activities to exercise. Therefore, this festival is a distinctive festival, with sad and sour tears to sweep the new grave and laughter for an outing.
play on the swing
This is the custom of ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day in China. Swing, that is, lift the rope, move. It has a very long history. It was originally called Qian Qiu, but later it was changed into a swing to avoid taboos. In ancient times, swings were made of branches and tied with ribbons. Later, it gradually developed into two ropes, a pedal swing. Swing can not only improve health, but also cultivate courage, which is deeply loved by people, especially children.
play football
Bow is a rubber ball, the skin of which is made of leather, and the ball is stuffed with wool. Cuju is kicking the ball with your feet. This is a popular game in ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to legend, it was invented by the Yellow Emperor with the original purpose of training warriors.
spring outing
Also called spring outing. It was called Tanchun and Xunchun in ancient times. Qingming in April, spring returns to the earth, and nature presents a vibrant scene everywhere, which is a good time for an outing. People in our country have always maintained the habit of going for an outing in Qingming.
plant trees
Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the spring was bright and the spring rain was falling, and the survival rate of planted seedlings was high and the growth was fast. Therefore, China has the habit of planting trees in Qingming since ancient times. Some people even call Tomb-Sweeping Day Arbor Day. The custom of planting trees has been passed down to this day. 1979, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) stipulated March 12 every year as China's Arbor Day. This is of great significance to mobilize people of all ethnic groups in China to actively carry out activities to green the motherland.
fly a kite
Flying kites is also the most popular activity in Tomb-Sweeping Day. During their stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day, people not only wore it during the day, but also at night. At night, a string of colored lanterns is hung under the kite or on the wind-stabilizing stay, like twinkling stars, which is called "magic lamp". Someone used to put kites in the blue sky, then cut the strings and let the breeze send them to the ends of the earth. It is said that this can eliminate diseases and disasters and bring good luck to yourself.
Pay tribute to the dead at their graves.
Sweeping graves on Qingming Festival is called "respecting thinking about time" for ancestors. Its customs have a long history. In the Ming Dynasty's "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital", it was written: "On the Qingming Festival in March, men and women went to the grave to pay their respects, and the gold ingot was hung on the back of the sedan chair, and the road was full of embarrassment. Worshipers, mourners, weeping, weeding, adding soil to graves, burning ingots several times, and buying graves with paper money. If you can't see the paper money, it will be a lonely grave. After crying, don't go back, go to the fragrant tree, choose the garden, and sit down and get drunk. " In fact, grave-sweeping existed before the Qin Dynasty, but not necessarily during the Qingming period, but after the Qin Dynasty. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that it became popular. Qing thomas lee said, "On New Year's Eve, the Cold Food Festival and the First Frost Festival, you should offer sacrifices to sweep the graves. During the period, I will serve my bed with vegetarian food, use wine and tools for cutting vegetation, seal trees in the middle of the week, and break Cao Jing, so it is called sweeping the grave. " And spread to this day.
Tomb-Sweeping Day's sweeping ceremony was supposed to be held in person, but because of the different economic conditions of each family, the way of sweeping was different. "Burning a bundle" is the main form of paying homage to ancestors. The so-called "baggage", also known as "parcel", refers to the postal parcel that Xiao sent from Shi Yang to the underworld. In the past, Nanzhi store sold the so-called "wrapped skin", that is, a big bag was pasted with white paper. There are two forms: one is a woodcut version with Sanskrit transliteration of "Death Mantra" printed around it, and a lotus tablet printed in the middle to write down the name of the deceased in the area code, such as "The late Zhang Fujun was afraid of the boss in Yunshan", which is both a package and a tablet. The other is plain foreskin, which does not print any patterns. Just put a blue sign in the middle and write down the name of the deceased. Also used as a master card. There are many kinds of money in the bag.
Chuanliuzhi
It is said that the custom of inserting willows is also to commemorate Shennong, the ancestor of farming, who taught the people to cultivate crops. In some places, people put willow branches under the eaves to forecast the weather. In ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day, there was a proverb, "The willow branches are green and rainy; The saying that there is another village. During the period of Huang Chao, it was stipulated that "Qingming lasts for a period, and Liu Dai is the number". After the failure of the uprising, the custom of wearing willow was gradually eliminated, and only willow was popular. Willow has a strong vitality, as the saying goes: "If you plant flowers with your heart, you will plant willows without your heart. "Wicker lives when it is planted in the soil, and lives where it is planted. After years of planting, it becomes gloomy everywhere.
There is another saying in Tomb-Sweeping Day: It turns out that China people regard Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 30th and the first day of October as the three major ghost festivals, which are the time for ghosts to haunt and ask for help. In order to prevent the harassment and persecution of ghosts, people put willows and put them on. Willow has the function of ward off evil spirits in people's minds. Influenced by Buddhism, people think that willows can exorcise ghosts and call them "ghost trees". Guanyin dipped willow branches in water to help all beings. Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty said in the Book of Qi Yao Min: "Take a willow branch and put it on the house, and a hundred ghosts will not enter the house." Tomb-Sweeping Day is a ghost festival. When wicker sprouted, people naturally inserted willows to ward off evil spirits.
Related legends
There is a legend about cold food:
According to Tomb-Sweeping Day, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shen Sheng was forced to commit suicide because his concubine conspired to kill the prince in order to let her son inherit the throne. Shen Sheng's younger brother, Zhong Er, went into exile to escape the scourge. During his exile, Zhong Er suffered humiliation. Most of the courtiers who went out with him went out one after another. Only a few loyal people have been following him. One of them is called meson push. On one occasion, Zhong Er fainted from hunger. In order to save Zhong Er, Jiezitui cut a piece of meat from his thigh, cooked it with fire and gave it to Zhong Er. Nineteen years later, Zhong Er returned to China and became a monarch. This is Jin Wengong, one of the five famous tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.
After Jin Wengong came to power, in addition to meson push, he offered many rewards to courtiers who shared his joys and sorrows. Someone defended meson in front of Jin Wengong. Jin Wengong suddenly remembered the past and felt guilty. He immediately sent someone to ask meson to take the imperial court to be rewarded as an official. However, after several trips, the meson could not be pushed. Jin Wengong had to please. However, when Jin Wengong came to the meson pusher's house, he saw that the door was closed. Jiezitui didn't want to see him, and had already been hiding behind his mother in Mianshan (now southeast of Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province). Jin Wengong asked his body guard to search Mianshan, but he couldn't find it. So, someone had an idea, saying, it is better to let Yamakaji go, set fire on three sides, leave one side, burn it and the meson will come out. Jin Wengong ordered the promotion of Yamakaji. Unexpectedly, the fire burned for three days and nights. After the fire was put out, the meson was not pushed out after all. Looking up the mountain, the mother and son were holding a charred willow tree and were dead. Jin Wengong looked at meson push's body and cried for a while, then buried it, and found that meson push's back was blocked by a willow hole, and there seemed to be something in the hole. Take out a look, turned out to be a skirt, with a blood poem:
I hope your master is always clear.
It is better to be a ghost than to accompany you as an exhorter.
If your master has me in his heart, remember that I often reflect.
I have a clear conscience in Jiuquan, diligent and honest.
Jin Wengong hid the bloody book in his sleeve. Then meson tui and his mother were buried under the charred willow tree. To commemorate Jiexiu, Jin Wengong ordered Mianshan to be changed to Jiexiu Mountain, and an ancestral temple was built on the mountain, and the day when Yamakaji was released was designated as the Cold Food Festival, telling the whole country that it is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers on this day every year and only eat cold food.
When he left, he cut a charred willow and made a pair of clogs in the palace. He looked at it every day and sighed, "What a pity." The "first step" is the name of ancient people's subordinates respecting each other between superiors or peers, which is said to come from it.
The following year, Jin Wengong led his ministers to go hiking in plain clothes to show their respect and condolences. Walking to the grave, I saw the dead old willow tree resurrected, with thousands of green branches dancing in the wind. Jin Wengong looked at the resurrected old willow tree and seemed to see the meson push. He walked up to him respectfully, lovingly squeezed a branch, braided it into a circle and put it on his head. After the sacrifice, Jin Wengong named the revived old willow "Qingming Willow" and named it Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Later, Jin Wengong often took a bloody book with him as a souvenir, urging himself to take power. He is diligent and honest, and strives to govern the country well.
Since then, the people of Jin have been able to live and work in peace and contentment, and they are very nostalgic for Jietui, who has made outstanding contributions and is not looking for wealth. On the day of his death, it is forbidden to set off fireworks in memory of him. It is also made of flour and jujube paste into the shape of a swallow, strung with willows and inserted in the door to summon his soul. This thing is called "pushing swallows" (also called intermediary pushing). Since then, cold food and Qingming have become grand festivals for the people of the whole country. Whenever there is cold food, people don't make a fire to cook, but only eat cold food. In the north, people only eat cold food prepared in advance, such as jujube cakes and wheat cakes. In the south, there are mostly green balls and glutinous rice and sugar lotus roots. Every time I go to Tomb-Sweeping Day, people put wicker in a circle and put wicker branches in front of the house to show their memory.
Related poems
Tomb-Sweeping Day's famous poems
Tomb-Sweeping Day (Tang) Du Mu
It rained a lot during my stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Pedestrians on the road want to die.
Ask local people where to buy wine?
The shepherd boy just laughed and didn't answer Xingshan Village.
On the way to cold food (Tang Dynasty) Song Wenzhi
It's already on the way to late spring when I meet cold food immediately. Poor Jiang, I can't see Luo Qiao people. The Arctic cherishes the sage, and Nanwa is the vassal. In the old garden, wicker is new day and night.
Cold food (Tang) Hanyi
In late spring, Chang 'an city is full of songs and dances, and countless flowers fall. The east wind of the Cold Food Festival blows on the willow trees in the royal garden. As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis.
Things outside the door (Tang)
The tiller loves the boat, and the spring grass is green and the fields are vast; Try going to the Wumen Gate to see the county Guo, there is new smoke in Qingming.
Qingming (Song) Yu Wang
I have lived in Tomb-Sweeping Day without flowers and wine. Like a monk in a temple, everything is depressing and lonely for me. Yesterday, I discussed new kindling from my neighbor's house, and early in Tomb-Sweeping Day, I lit in front of the window and sat down to study.
"Su Causeway Qingming is a thing" (Song) Wu Weixin
Pears bloom in the light, and wanderers go out of the city in spring. At dusk, the songs are ready, and the willows belong to a warbler.
Cold Food on the Tomb (Song) Yang Wanli
Go straight to your husband! Can this bridge be out of danger? The maple leaves in the distant mountains are pale outside, and the broken houses are beside the lonely wheat. The spring breeze is coming again, and all the new buildings are gone. Pear blossoms are cold food, and it is only when you enter the festival that you are worried.
Doing things in the suburbs (Song) Cheng Hao
Grass and green fields, spring around the mountains; Zhu Xing Luan Hong wears Liuxiang, but sits in the imperial city because of flowing water; Don't bid farewell to wine, lest the wind turn red; Besides, it's Tomb-Sweeping Day today, and it's met with fine weather. It's very suitable for sightseeing, but you can't leave.
Tomb-Sweeping Day (Southern Song Dynasty) Gaozhu
There are many tomb fields in the north and south hills, and the Qingming sweeps each other. Paper ashes fly hundreds of butterflies, and tears turn red azaleas. When the sun goes down, the fox sleeps in front of the grave, and the children smile at the lights when the night returns. There is wine to drink in life, but not a drop of Jiuquan!
"Send Chen Xiucai back to the Tomb of Shashang Province" (Ming) Gao Qi
All the clothes are covered with blood, tears and dust. Although the war is over now, I will feel sad when I return home. In the storm, pear flower falls died, and the Cold Food Festival passed. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, several families will visit graves and be worshipped by future generations.
Qingjiang attracts Qingming Day Tour (Ming) Wang Pan
Where is the non-smoking section in the west building? Green fields and sunny roads. In the willows of Ma Si, people laugh and swing, and the sound of warblers always makes Chunzui drunk.
A Review of Chang 'an Qingming Smoke (Tang Dynasty)
In the Ming Dynasty, when Emperor Li met Qingming, he also drove tourists out of the Forbidden City. The nine-stranger wheatgrass warbler crows, and a thousand chariots and horses rain and clear.
It's the first time I met a guest today, and I'm tired of seeing flowers in my sorrow. Who's in charge in spring, it's even more futile.
Seeing a friend off on the Qingming River (Tang) Jia Dao
Today is Tomb-Sweeping Day, and some friends are in the garden. The weather is fine, blowing gently with Liu, begging for a new fire in Qingming, and the people's kitchen raises a fire to cook cigarettes.
Du Ruo is very long, and this article remembers two wise men. When can life catch up? Drink wine before the flowers fall.
Tomb-Sweeping Day, traveling with friends (Tang Dynasty).
Several Su Chunshan chased Lu Lang, and Tomb-Sweeping Day was so smoky. Go back to wear a thin boat and slip on the bow, and get drunk and step on the residual flowers.
The wind is rushing, the clouds are floating wild, and the rain falls on the square pond. I can't bear to look back, frogs are full of sunset.
Li Zhengfeng's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival: Rain in Luoyang (Tang)
It will clear up at dawn tomorrow, and it will rain less at night. Thousands of doors are still full of fireworks and nine doors are dust-free.
Wine Qinghe bridge spring, leisure palace noon. Tourists love grass, and drumming is half a sin.
"There are clothes in the sky" Qingming poem (contemporary) Liu Xiaofeng (Liu Zhou)
First: haggard grave soil, regard it as relatives; What has been lost through the ages is the most painful.
(Note: Bingzi, 1996 Bingzi Year. Comments: Those who have read this poem and been to the grave of their loved ones will definitely remember this poem.
Second, Bingziqing: peach blossom powder apricot blossoms are white, and the rain hits the branches; The pedestrians were silent, and several graves were crying.
(Comment: This poem starts from writing scenery and expresses feelings with scenery. Write delicate and gorgeous peach blossoms and apricot flowers first. The wind and rain beat the flowers. The flowers opened quietly. Write too many raindrops or slip quietly from pedestrians' faces, with tears in the middle, and then suddenly there are sad cries from several graves not far away. This is a grave-sweeping scene full of life. There is a trace of warmth in the faint sadness, which makes people see the dullness of life and the greatness of human reproduction. )
Third: Xin Qiji has made it clear that God is heartless and has no compassion for filial piety in the world; In order to earn a little tear, I endured the clear rain.
(Note: Xin Si: 200 1 Xin Si nian. Xiaoke: The author is modest. Comment: Reading this poem, it seems that the clear rain has turned into the tears of the dutiful son. Rain and tears blend together, and tears make rain miserable. Isn't it the heart of a dutiful son who cries? )
Fourth: the wind blows grandma in the rain, and the rain beats grandma in the wind; Every year on this day, people shed tears, and every year, people put them in front of the grave.
Fifth, there is no way for yin and yang to communicate, and Qingming is looking for graves; Less tears and paper money, less water and less wine.
Sixth, the business of sprouting hay by the roadside, a little bit of new green makeup is yellow, even if it doesn't rain, I still cry, and my grandmother's grave is next to the cloud.
Seventh: the soil in front of the grave is new and old, and the vegetation in front of the grave is dry and green; The voice and smile should be here, and how many spring days will be lost in the yellow dust.
Funeral sacrifice famous products
Jiang Chengzi Mao Yi remembers the dream of the 20th day of the first month.
Appreciation of Su Dongpo's Ci of Mourning His Wife
Ten years of life and death are two boundless, disapproving and unforgettable. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty.
At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the window of Xiao Xuan was being decorated. Care for each other without words, only tears thousands of lines are expected to break the heart, and the moon and night are short and loose.
climate
Qingming is a solar term representing phenology, which means sunny weather and lush vegetation. As the saying goes, "Qingming breaks snow, Grain Rain breaks frost." When the weather is clear, the climate in South China is warm and the spring is strong. However, before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, cold air still invaded from time to time, even making the average daily temperature lower than 12℃ for more than three consecutive days, resulting in rotten seedlings of middle rice and dead seedlings of early rice. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid warm tail and cold head when sowing and transplanting rice. In the northwest plateau, livestock are weak under the influence of severe winter and insufficient forage, so it is necessary to guard against the harm of strong cooling weather after spring to old, weak and young livestock. "There are many rains during the Qingming Festival" is a portrayal of the spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River by Du Mu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. But in some areas, this is not the case. In particular, the western part of South China is often in the spring drought period, and the rainfall in early April is generally only 10 to 20 mm, which is less than half of that in the south of the Yangtze River. Although there are many spring rains in eastern South China, the rainfall in early April is generally only 20 to 40 mm, so natural precipitation is not enough for agricultural production, so it must be replenished by storing water years ago. In addition, May-June is the month with the most hail in a year, so the prevention of hail disaster should be strengthened.
During the Qingming period, the average daily temperature in most parts of the country has risen to above 12℃ except the northeast and northwest regions. From north to south to the inside and outside of the Great Wall, there are busy scenes of spring ploughing everywhere. "In the Qingming period, the wheat grows in the third section." Wheat in the southern part of Huanghuai is about to start heading, rape has blossomed, and wheat in the northeast and northwest regions has also entered the jointing stage. In the later stage, we should pay close attention to fertilizer and water management and pest control. Dry farming in the north, early and middle rice in the south of the Yangtze River is in a suitable season for mass sowing, so we should seize the opportunity, seize the sunny day and sow early. Pear blossoms are getting clearer and clearer. At this time, when many kinds of fruit trees enter the flowering stage, attention should be paid to artificial pollination to improve the fruit setting rate. Early rice planting in South China should be cleaned up and fertilized in time. Corn, sorghum and cotton will also be planted everywhere. "Before tomorrow's tea, there will be two buds", and the new buds of tea trees will grow vigorously, so attention should be paid to pest control; Famous tea producing areas are mined one after another, and strict scientific mining is needed to ensure the yield and quality.
agriculture
Because the 24 solar terms objectively reflect the changes of temperature, rainfall and phenology throughout the year, ancient working people used them to arrange agricultural activities. "Huainanzi Astronomical Training" says: "Fifteen days after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to B, and the Qingming wind is coming." According to the centenarian question, "everything grows clean and bright at this time." So it is called Qingming. " As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises and the rainfall increases, which is a good time for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there is an agricultural proverb that "before and after Qingming, point melons and plant beans" and "planting trees is not as good as Qingming". It can be seen that this solar term is closely related to agricultural production. However, Qingming, as a festival, is different from pure solar terms. Solar terms are signs of phenological changes and seasonal order in China, while festivals contain certain customs and activities and certain commemorative significance.
food
In Tomb-Sweeping Day, different places have different seasonal foods. Because of the combination of the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day, some places still retain Tomb-Sweeping Day's habit of eating cold food in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In Shandong, Jimo eats eggs and cool cakes, while Laiyang, Zhaoyuan and Long Island eat eggs and cool sorghum rice. It is said that if not, there will be hail. Taian eats cold pancakes and rolls bitter vegetables. It is said that his eyes are bright. Jinzhong area still retains the habit of banning fire the day before Qingming.
In Wenzhou, it is a custom to eat cotton vegetable cakes. As the name implies, cotton vegetable cake is a cake made of cotton vegetables, and some people call it Qingming cake. Cotton dishes are translated according to Wenzhou dialect. It turned out that its scientific name was Qufu Grass, which only existed during the Qingming period. Making cotton vegetable cakes is very particular. First, you should go to the fields to pick cotton and vegetables. (Cotton vegetables are not grown by themselves. They will grow on their own every Qingming Festival. ) Then wash and dry. (Inverted mortar is a tool made of stone, which they used to pound rice cakes in the past) After mashing, add rice flour (usually 8 kilograms of white rice flour and 2 kilograms of glutinous rice flour) and appropriate amount of water. Just mix all the cotton and vegetables evenly into the rice flour. After pouring, it is also very important to prepare the stuffing inside. The most commonly used here are fresh and tender bamboo shoots, tofu and pork. When the stuffing is cold, we can wrap it. We must put a grapefruit leaf under the sponge cake. First, avoid sticking to the pot. Second, and most importantly, because after putting grapefruit, this sponge cake will have the fragrance of grapefruit and taste much better. Wrap it and steam it in a steamer for 25 minutes.
In many places, after the sacrificial ceremony is completed, food will be sacrificed. When people in southern Shanxi crossed Tomb-Sweeping Day, they used to steam big steamed buns with white flour, with walnuts, dates and beans in the middle, coiled into dragons outside, and an egg tied in the middle of the dragon's body, named "Zifu". It is necessary to steam a big "blessing" to symbolize the reunion and happiness of the family. When going to the grave, the "Zifu" is usually dedicated to the ancestors and shared by the whole family after sweeping the grave. According to the old custom in Shanghai, steamed cakes for sacrifice should be put on wicker and dried and stored. When they come in the long summer, they will be fried and given to the children. It is said that eating it in summer won't make you sick.
Tomb-Sweeping Day has the custom of eating dumplings. Mix Bromus inermis juice with glutinous rice to make the green juice and rice flour blend with each other, then wrap it with stuffing such as bean paste and jujube paste, and put it in a steamer with reed leaves as the bottom. Steamed balls are green in color and fragrant, which is the most distinctive seasonal food in Tomb-Sweeping Day. There are also some people in Shanghai, Tomb-Sweeping Day, who love to eat peach blossom porridge and fish with knives when sweeping graves and having family dinners. In Huzhou, Zhejiang, every family in Tomb-Sweeping Day makes zongzi, which can be used as a grave-sweeping sacrifice or as dry food for hiking. As the saying goes: "Qingming Zongzi is real." Before and after Qingming, snails were fat and strong. As the saying goes: "Qingming snail, a goose." Farmers have the habit of eating snails in Qingming. On this day, they use needles to pick out snail meat for cooking, which is called "picking green". After eating, throw the snail shell on the roof. It is said that the rolling acoustic energy emitted by roof tiles scares away mice, which is beneficial to sericulture after Qingming Festival. On this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, there will be club wine. Have dinner with people from the same ancestral temple. People who don't have ancestral halls usually eat in the same room with their grandchildren under the great-grandfather. The dishes of Shejiu are mainly fish, tofu and vegetables, as well as homemade sweet white wine. There is a saying in Heshan Town, Tongxiang City, Zhejiang Province that "Tomb-Sweeping Day is like the New Year". Tomb-Sweeping Day evening, emphasizing family reunion for dinner. There are several traditional dishes on the table: fried snail, glutinous rice with lotus root slices, bean sprouts, Malantou and so on. These dishes are all related to sericulture. Throwing the leftover snail shells into the house, it is said that the sound can scare away the mice, and the caterpillars will get into the shells to nest and stop harassing the silkworms. Eating lotus root is to wish silkworm babies long and good silk. Eating sprouted beans is a lottery to win "money". Eating fresh vegetables such as Malantou means taking the word "green" to "clear"