Scenic layout of Qing Zhaoling Mausoleum

Among the mausoleums of Shengjing, the Zhaoling Tomb is the largest and most complete.

The architectural layout of the Zhaoling Mausoleum Area in Shenyang is roughly as follows: There are three color boundary stakes of red, white and green around the mausoleum area, and there are also blocking trees (also called "Jumamu") on the south side. ) four hundred and forty-two. The mausoleum area is long and narrow from north to south and narrow from east to west. The southernmost part of the mausoleum area is the dismounting stele, followed by the Huabiao and stone lions. There are four dismounting steles, a pair of Chinese watches and a pair of stone lions, standing on both sides of the road. There is a sacred bridge built to the north of the stone lion. To the west of Shenqiao there was originally a Dipin Well. To the north of Shenqiao is the stone archway. There is a small courtyard on the east and west sides of the stone archway. In the east courtyard are the emperor's changing pavilion and quiet room (toilet). In the west courtyard are the livestock pavilion and the dining room. To the north of the stone archway is the main entrance of the mausoleum - the Zhenghong Gate. This gate is surrounded by a vermilion wall surrounding the mausoleum area, also called the "Feng Shui Wall". There is a straight stone road from north to south inside Zhenghongmen called the "Shinto". On both sides of the Shinto from south to north are a pair of Optimus Prime pillars, a pair of stone lions, a pair of stone Xiezhi, a pair of stone unicorns, and a pair of stone unicorns. A pair of horses, a pair of stone camels, and a pair of stone elephants. These stone beasts are collectively called "stone elephants". Further north, in the middle of the Shinto, there is a pavilion with a monument to divine merits and virtues. There are "Chao Fang" on both sides of the stele pavilion. The East Chao Fang is where ceremonials are stored and milk tea is made, and the West Chao Fang is where meals and fruits are prepared. To the north of the stele pavilion is Fangcheng. The main gate of Fangcheng is called "Long'en Gate". There is a tower on the gate, commonly known as "Five Phoenix Tower". In the middle of the square city is Long'en Hall, with side halls and side buildings on both sides. The auxiliary building is commonly known as the "fruit hanging building", where fruits for sacrifices are dried. There are two pillar gates and a stone altar behind Long'en Hall, followed by the Coupon Gate. There is the Daming Tower at the top of the Coupon Gate. When you step into the Coupon Gate, you will see the Crescent City. There is a glazed screen wall in the front of the Crescent City, and there are "stepping paths" on both sides to go up and down. After the Crescent City is the Baocheng and Baoding, and within the Baoding is the underground palace. Behind Baocheng is the artificially built mausoleum mountain - "Longye Mountain". In addition, on the west side of the mausoleum, far opposite Baoding, there is a group of buildings called "Yijing Imperial Concubine and Kanghui Concubine Garden Bedroom", which is the burial ground for Taizong's concubines. In addition, there are accompanying tombs about three miles apart on the east and west wings of the mausoleum. On the left side are the tombs of King Wuhun Yangguli and the nanny's tomb, and on the right side are the tombs of Zhenchen Dundari and Andari. This form of burying meritorious officials with them is the ancient mausoleum system, which embodies the desire of the feudal kings to "death as they live", as well as the idea of ​​loyalty to the emperor and the strict feudal hierarchy.

Besides the mausoleum area, there are also buildings such as the Sutra Library, Guandi Temple, and Dianjiang Terrace. The architectural layout of the Zhaoling Mausoleum strictly follows the mausoleum regulations of "central axis" and "front facing the back". The main mausoleum buildings are all built on the north-south central axis, and other ancillary buildings are evenly arranged on both sides of it. This kind of design idea mainly reflects the supremacy of imperial power, and at the same time, achieves aesthetic effects such as stability, balance and unity of the building complex.

The management of Zhaoling is divided into two major yamen: civil and military. One is called the General Guan Yamen, and the other is called the Guanfang Yamen. The Guanfang Yamen is mainly responsible for the defense of the mausoleum area, and the Guanfang Yamen is responsible for sacrifices and general repairs of the mausoleum buildings.

After the Qing Dynasty surrendered, although the Zhaoling Mausoleum was still managed by the Three Tombs Guardian Minister, due to years of war, the state treasury was unable to make ends meet, and it was unable to carry out major repairs to the Zhaoling Mausoleum. As a result, the mausoleum buildings were dilapidated and withered. At that time, a literati wrote such a poem "Visiting Beiling": "Stepping into the doors and courtyards of Zhaoling, the splendor has never been dazzling before. The paths are full of berries and moss and no one cares about them, and the willow mountains are still pure." He wrote about Zhaoling at that time. 's true appearance. Among the "Eight Scenes of Beijing (Shenyang)" in the Qing Dynasty, there was "Red Leaves in Beiling (Zhaoling)". Jin Liang said in "Fengtian Historical Site Research": "There are many maples and willows in Beiling, and the yellow leaves in the west wind fill the autumn forest with red leaves, so it is called Beiling Red Leaves."

Generally speaking, the main building of Zhaoling in Shenyang is still preserved So far, the underground foundation is intact, the planning and layout are still intact, the ancient buildings and ruins have not been subjected to excessive intervention or changes by future generations, and the natural environment has basically remained in its original state, with a high degree of authenticity and integrity.