Brief introduction of Ge Yangao fitness
The above is the first part of this poem: Explain the reason why Tang Jun went to war and the soldiers were so rustic.
"They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums and waved a row of flags around the stone tablet. Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain. "These four sentences are the second part of this poem. Describing Tang Jun's huge momentum on the way to war, the military capacity was purged, and the military situation ahead was urgent.
The sentence "They walked through the Yushu Pass with the sound of gongs and drums" describes the great momentum when they went out to war. "influence" Jin: Ancient military musical instruments, such as Zheng and Shen Yu. Beating and striking these instruments are used to command troops to advance and retreat. There is often a saying in ancient books that "the golden bell is ringing and the moon is closed". That's exactly what it means. Cut: Knock. Drum: War drum. The practice of beating drums to promote soldiers began in the Spring and Autumn Period. For example, in the debate in Cao Gui, there is a saying that "the momentum will be high, then it will decline, and three times it will be exhausted". Guan Yu: Shanhaiguan. This is a gateway from the inland of China to the northeast. Xia Yuguan: Heading for Shanhaiguan. Next step: Go and arrive. "They surrounded the stone tablet with a line of flying flags" is a description of the purge when Tang Jun went to war. Jing Biao: Various flags in the army. Wandering: Describe the twists and turns of Tang Jun's March. Jieshi: Jieshi Mountain, in the northwest of Changli County, Hebei Province. Some people think that the ancient Jieshi Mountain is near the Bohai Sea and has now sunk into the sea. This sentence describes that when Tang Jun went to war, the army was purged, and thousands of troops were like a long dragon, walking through the winding streets of Jieshi Mountain, with flags flying and swords and shadows coming and going. "Until their captain gave the order to pluck feathers in the sand sea, the hunting fire of the Chief Tatar flashed along the Wolf Mountain", which described the powerful momentum of Tang Jun's expedition. On the way, I received an urgent message from the front line that the enemy would attack again. Captain: At that time, the rank of military attache was the commander-in-chief of frontier Tang Jun. Feather book: a document with feathers inserted, indicating that the situation is tense and urgent. In the movie "Chicken Hair Letter", Hai Wa's chicken hair letter is a feather book. Bohai sea; The original meaning is desert, which refers to the border at war with the enemy. Shan Yu was originally a special name for the Xiongnu leader in Han Dynasty, and the author here refers to the enemy leader. Fire hunting; Before preparing for the war, ancient nomads often held military exercises in the name of hunting, and hunting fire was the light lit during hunting. It is used here to indicate that war is about to break out. Hunting for fire together means that war is about to break out. Langshan: the place name, the full name is the virtual mountain where wolves live. In today's northwest county of Inner Mongolia, the Han Dynasty was the territory of Xiongnu. Since Khan is used to refer to the leader of the enemy, the wolf living in Xushan here refers to the area where the enemy is active. This makes the two seem consistent, and also coincides with the smoke and dust of the Han family and the generals of the Han family. These two sentences mean that the war is urgent. A captain in the Tang army sent an urgent message that the enemy had ignited a war in Xushan, where wolves lived.
The four sentences in the second part are a connecting link in structure. The first two sentences closely follow the first four sentences, describing the spectacular scene that Tang Jun climbed the valley through Jing, set out in a mighty way, waved the military flag and bravely advanced. The last two sentences are about the atmosphere of military emergency rendering, paving the way for the upcoming battle scenes below. Originally, the reinforcements were very nervous, and they received urgent documents on the way to March, which shows the urgency of the situation. "Feather book" is badly needed, and the word "fly" is used to indicate the urgency of the situation. The words "until their captain in the sand sea gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Chief Tatar flashed on the Wolf Mountain" not only played up the tension before the war, but also attracted the interest of readers, who were mentioned in their throats and eager to know the next situation.
The mountain is high and cold, and it is deserted. In a short time, barbarian horses are galloping in the wind and rain. Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp. In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall. When you are lucky, you will despise your enemies. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe. "This is the third part of this poem, which is about the specific situation of this battle. The mountains and rivers are depressed: the scenery at the border is depressed and desolate. Extreme: poor, exhausted. Extreme soil: all the way to the end of the frontier, that is, the border. Hu: The appellation of ethnic minorities by the ancient Han people is a disrespectful statement. Riding: Read the fourth tone, and one person and one horse are called riding. Hu Qi: Enemy cavalry. Rely on: rely on. Ling: Abuse and bullying. Pingling: Because the enemy is big, he is good at fighting at once and launching a fierce attack. Wind and rain: describe the enemy as fierce, like a strong wind mixed with heavy rain. These two sentences mean that Tang Jun has reached the desolate border, and has not yet gained a foothold. The fierce enemy has launched an attack by virtue of its superiority, and the offensive is overwhelming. These two sentences opened the road to heroic struggle with the soldiers below. The war was initiated by the enemy, and Tang Jun defended itself justly, so despite being at a disadvantage, the soldiers fought bravely in front of the powerful enemy. The two armies fought hard in hand-to-hand combat. Tang Jun suffered heavy casualties and many soldiers fell. " Half of our people on the front line were killed, but the other half are still alive ",before the army: before the battle, on the battlefield. Half dead, half dead. The word "life and death" is a compound word here, which has a partial meaning. The author mainly emphasizes that many soldiers in the Tang army died in battle, and half of them died in battle. Its meaning focuses on the word "death". "Life" is incidental. Soldiers fought bloody battles, but where are the commanders and generals of Tang Jun? What did they do? "Beautiful girls still in the camp dance and sing for them": The generals still drink, entertain and watch beautiful women sing and dance in the camp. The word "Jude" is the key and "poetic eye", which profoundly exposes the self-reliance of these so-called generals? You only know how to enjoy yourself, regardless of the national interests, and you don't care about your subordinates. The fighting is so fierce and the casualties are so heavy. They are still watching dancing, listening to singing and drinking, which shows how dizzy they are. This is still the case when the two armies are at war, so it is not difficult to imagine what they do at ordinary times and at other times.
It should be pointed out that people have always had different understandings of the phrase "beautiful girls still in the camp dance and sing for them". Some selected books and some reference articles have different views: a few people think that this sentence is not to expose the dissoluteness of generals, but to praise their ability, their ability to remain calm in times of crisis, and to learn from Zhuge Liang's empty city plan when strong enemies are under pressure. The reason is that it is recorded in the Biography of Zhang Shousheng in the Old Tang Dynasty: in Kaiyuan 15, Guazhou was invaded and the king of Guazhou was killed. The imperial court appointed Zhang Shousheng as the successor of Guazhou Secretariat to lead the army against the enemy. When Zhang Gang arrived in Guazhou, he led the people to build two walls. At this moment, the enemy suddenly attacked the city gate, and the soldiers and civilians in the city took care of each other. They all thought that the war could not be fought and dared not resist. Zhang Shousheng said that we were outnumbered, just defeated, and we couldn't die, so we drank and had fun in the city and sang an empty plan. When the enemy saw it, he thought that the city was ready and did not dare to attack the city, so he withdrew. Zhang went out of the city to pursue the situation and won a great victory. On this basis, the author thinks that it is untenable to regard "there are beautiful girls in the military camp dancing and singing for them" as Gao Shi's praise for Zhang Shoujue. Our reasons are:
1, wrong time. Zhang Shousheng's anti-spit was in Kaiyuan 15, when his official position was Guazhou Secretariat. Zhang Ren was the imperial adviser in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan, and Gao Shi wrote this poem in an orderly way, saying that in the 26th year of Kaiyuan, the imperial adviser went to the frontier with a bow, which was eight to ten years short.
2, the place is wrong, the object is different. Zhang Shousheng kaiyuan 15 years resistance is Tufan, located in Guazhou, this time it is Qidan, located in Youzhou. It doesn't matter that the difference between the two is thousands of miles. Besides, in the preface of Gao Shi's poem, he wrote it because he felt something after talking with a guest who came back from the frontier fortress. Although this guest is Zhang's subordinate, it does not mean that the soldier written in this poem must be Zhang Shoujue.
3. This understanding is inconsistent with the narrative in the poet's poems. According to Old Tang Book, when Zhang Shousheng sang "Empty City Plan", he didn't engage with the enemy until the enemy retreated. However, when Gao Shi wrote this poem, before "beautiful girls were still singing and dancing for him in the camp", it was very clear that "half the frontline soldiers were killed and half the survivors" were fighting, which meant "to make way for the mountains". Looking down, we can know that Tang Jun failed this time, while Tang Jun won when Zhang Shoujue sang empty plans. If someone takes the records in Old Tang Shu as evidence, then this statement itself is untenable. Obviously, Gao Shi did not write about the Battle of Guazhou, nor did he praise Zhang Shousheng at all, but accused and attacked those dissolute generals. The reason why this question is raised may be that some people want to read some reference articles, and there are many differences, so it is raised to avoid misunderstanding. Since the commanders are so fatuous, it is impossible for the troops they command to win the battle; Although the soldiers fought hard, the battle failed. "Half of our soldiers at the front line were killed, but the other half are still alive and still in the camp, and beautiful girls are dancing and singing for them." These two sentences describe the disparity in pain and happiness between soldiers and generals, and use a comparative method. Soldiers fought bravely on the battlefield and suffered heavy casualties; The beautiful women in the commander's tent are still singing and dancing happily. The contrast between them shows the poet's sympathy for the soldiers and his indignation at the general.
"In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall." It is to describe the tragic scene of Tang Jun's failure concretely and vividly. Note that there are five scenic spots with frontier fortress characteristics. Desert: Desert, here refers to the desolate frontier battlefield. Poor autumn: late autumn. Plug grass: grass on the border. Phi: It means getting sick, which means the grass withers and turns yellow. The city of lonely city: refers to the frontier fortress in the Tang army. These two sentences describe the sad scene of the battle coming to an end. In the desert covered with hay, the setting sun is bleak, the autumn wind is bleak, the ground is covered with corpses and blood, and the horse that lost its owner screams in terror. The scattered soldiers are still fighting, their swords clanking, and behind them is a lonely castle, both sad and tragic. If compared with the movie, the fighting soldiers are in the middle, and the background is a lonely castle, a bleak sunset and an empty and desolate Yuan Ye. This picture is very sad and tragic. The sentence "A few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall at sunset" is well written. (1) vividly summarizes the cold atmosphere on the battlefield at sunset; (2) Taking care of the previous narrative that "half of our frontline people were killed and the other half are still alive" makes the whole poem's narrative of fighting appear coherent and complete.
"Half of our frontline people are dead, but the other half are alive" describes a heavy defeat from the perspective of death, while "Fighting for a few soldiers" emphasizes that the casualties are more serious from the perspective of a few living people. The two take care of each other. (3) It is the spirit of Tang Junbing who would rather die than surrender and fight to the end. Although they are "rare" and suffered heavy casualties, they are still fighting, fighting and not giving in, because they are "fighting soldiers"! When you meet a constant enemy, you will despise your enemy. Time: by. Grace: the favor of the emperor. Heng: Often, you underestimate your enemy and are not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice. Soldiers are often grateful for being praised and appreciated by the emperor, not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice, and serve the country with their lives. This is "the greatest favor of the emperor" in front of you. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe. The soldiers tried their best, but failed to lift the enemy's attack on the border castle. These two sentences describe the soldiers' psychology and swear to defend the country, but this time the reinforcements failed.
The third part describes the fighting situation, which is vivid and general, and the author's feelings are quite distinct.
"Still in the front line, the real armor has been worn and worn thin, and the jade chopsticks should be separated after crying. Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain. In a place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead. What is the boundary of the court? Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble. Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame! However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we will mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago. "This is the fourth part, writing about the feelings and thoughts of the soldiers after the battle.
Iron clothes: armor, here refers to soldiers. Hard work: hard work. Soldiers have been wearing armor, far from home, and have worked hard for a long time. Jade chopsticks: chopsticks made of jade, which is a metaphor for the tears of homesick women. A pair of chopsticks stand in two rows, and so do the tears of young women. Chopsticks made of jade are crystal clear, and so are the tears of young women. Therefore, jade chopsticks are used to compare the tears of young women. This rhetorical device, like the previous sentence, also refers to the whole with parts and the wives of these soldiers with jade chopsticks. After breaking up, it is an inverted sentence, "I should cry after breaking up", which means that my wife is afraid that she has been crying since breaking up with me. A: I'm afraid it means guessing. South of the city: always refers to the wife's residence in her hometown, not exactly. Want to heartbroken: Young women are heartbroken. The degree of sadness is deep. Conscript: soldier. Thistle: There was Jizhou in ancient times, in the northwest of Tianjin. Here, Jibei means frontier fortress. Looking back: looking back in vain means looking back at your hometown in vain, and it can't comfort the deep acacia in your chest. There is a saying in the poems of the Han Dynasty called "Looking at Danggui from afar", which means that it is good to go back and see my hometown, not to go back. It's like going home once In fact, Roy can't be Angelica. That's what this sentence means It's no use "looking back for nothing". Go home and look back. I can't see home, even if I do, it can't replace going back. Can't soothe the rich thoughts in my chest. The above four sentences are about the nostalgia and pain between husband and wife, which are touching and heartbreaking. Soldiers have been away from home for many years, guarding the frontier and living a hard life; After the husband went out to war, his wife was sad and cried because of missing him. The young woman is heartbroken at home, and it is futile to miss her husband outside. Border court: border. Fluttering: swaying, metaphorically speaking, the situation is turbulent. That can be done: I can't live, I can't live. The days on the border are turbulent, just like wind and rain, and it is almost impossible to live. Unique field: the ends of the earth, the farthest place, boundless: describe desolation. What's more, there is nothing. The above two sentences are about the hardships of military life of recruiters. The border war is tense, and there are few outsiders on the Great Wall. Murder: the atmosphere of war. Three o'clock: there are plenty of spring, summer and autumn, and it is best to be early, middle and late here. This can increase the soldiers' sense of tension and effort. Making clouds: turning into a war cloud means that you often have to fight all day. Cold voice: a chilling voice. This refers to Diao Dou's voice. Diao Dou: This is a copper pot used by the ancient army for cooking. It is used for cooking during the day and knocking on newspapers at night. Because of the constant fighting, the soldiers are always in fear when they sleep at night, and they can't sleep well. From time to time, there are annoying fighting sounds in their ears. These two sentences are closely linked with the previous two sentences, further describing the tense atmosphere of the battle and the dilemma of recruiting husbands. The battlefield is fierce during the day and heavily guarded at night. Until you can see the white sword again, spattered with red blood: it means that the soldiers get together after the battle. You look at me, I look at you. The blade was covered with blood. One by one: means more. "Death has become a duty, who stops to think about fame" means that he died for his country and never thought about his fame and fortune. Festival: festival righteousness, solar terms. Today is understood as some kind of ideal and some kind of morality. Death: To die for ideals and morality. This refers to dying for the country. Gu: take care of, take care of, think of. Schoenberg: meritorious service. General Li: It refers to Li Guang, a famous general in the Han Dynasty. Li Guang was a famous soldier in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. He fought against Huns more than 70 times in his life. The enemy was frightened when he heard his name. At that time, the Huns called him General Fei. Li Guang fought bravely, but was kind to the soldiers. Wherever the troops go, soldiers don't eat, he doesn't eat, soldiers don't drink, he doesn't drink. But when encountering the enemy, Li Guang took the lead in charging ahead. Therefore, it is deeply supported and loved by subordinates. When Gao Shi wrote this poem, Li Guang had been dead for nearly 900 years, but the soldiers still deeply missed him. This nostalgia is actually expressing strong dissatisfaction and resentment to the groggy generals at that time. Don't you see: these three words are often seen in the poetic style of Tang poetry. For example, "Song of Farewell to General Feng's Rushing to the Horse River" begins: "Don't you see riding a horse and walking by the sea?" Li Bai's "Into the Wine" begins: "You didn't see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of heaven and entered the ocean, never to return!" "Don't you see the lovely hair in the bright mirror of the high hall? Although it is silky black in the morning, it has turned into snow at night!" They all use the words "didn't you see". These two sentences sum up the whole poem, expressing the poet's sympathy for her husband's hard life and her hope for the reincarnation of Li Guang, a good general.
In the fourth part, the author goes deep into the hearts of soldiers and focuses on depicting their inner contradictions. The battle was over, and the soldiers were hungry and tired, sitting silently together, feeling very heavy. They were very tired after the fierce fighting just now. Now that I am a little relieved, I think of many problems: they think they have left their hometown for a long time, and their relatives at home don't know what their life is like after they leave home. Perhaps since the day he left home, his wife has been crying to the point of heartbreak. But I can't go home and comfort my wife. In the end, I can only stand on high and look at my hometown. People can't go back to reunite with their relatives, so they can only live such a tense and painful life in the wilderness. But the days on the border are too bitter, and the pain is unbearable. The situation is turbulent, the scenery is desolate and bleak, and the life of soldiers is a series of battles during the day and a disturbing struggle at night, all of which make them feel distressed and resentful. However, soldiers are noble. When they think of their own country, they will put aside personal grievances. They think they will die for their country, even at the expense of their own lives. What does the individual want to give up? So I put all my thoughts behind me. But they are human after all. They have feelings and thoughts. Although they are willing to die for their country, they also hope that the generals can understand, sympathize with and care for them, give them warmth and sympathize with their difficulties. So after the battle, they were heartbroken, and they couldn't help thinking of Li Guang, who charged ahead and shared joys and sorrows with the soldiers at ordinary times. In fact, the phrase "We call Li an ancient general today" is not only their resentment, but also their hope for a "general Li" who sympathizes with their difficulties and cares about them. This hope is very reasonable. The whole fourth paragraph describes the psychological contradictions of soldiers very delicately. The author truly wrote the duality of their inner pain and their inner contradiction. Soldiers not only have the spirit of leaving home for Wan Li and sacrificing for their country, but also have rich thoughts and feelings of missing their relatives in their hometown. There is not only heroic spirit of taking the lead, not afraid of sacrifice, but also sympathy, compassion and warm hope, and the inner world is very rich. By describing their psychological activities, the author vividly wrote their feelings and thoughts. And the images of these soldiers are fuller because of their description and portrayal.
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