Meteorological satellites can be divided into several categories?

Meteorological satellite, mainly used for meteorological observation. According to American statistics, the economic benefits of meteorological satellites are enormous. The national investment in meteorological satellite engineering is about 300 million dollars every year, and the effect obtained through meteorological satellite service can be converted into increasing production or reducing disaster losses by 2 billion dollars every year, and the investment benefit ratio is 1:7. According to the estimation of the relevant departments of the former Soviet Union, the investment benefit ratio of meteorological satellites in the former Soviet Union is as high as 1: 10.

Meteorological satellites known as "clairvoyance" can be divided into two categories according to their orbits: one is sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellites. Because the satellite is synchronous with the sun, contrary to the direction of the earth's rotation, it runs along the direction of the sun rising early and setting late, and every circle passes through the poles of the earth, so it is also called polar-orbiting meteorological satellite. Satellites usually run at an altitude of hundreds of kilometers, and can observe global meteorological data and make medium-and long-term numerical weather forecasts; The other is the geostationary meteorological satellite, which keeps synchronous operation with the earth and is stationary relative to the earth. This kind of satellite has a relatively high orbit and a wider observation range. It is usually used for long-term continuous observation in the same area to provide relevant weather forecast data in time. There are also two forms of satellite cloud photography. One is a visible light cloud picture taken with the help of the reflection degree of objects on the earth to the sun light, which is limited to daytime work; The other is to form infrared cloud pictures with the help of different degrees of radiation from the earth's surface temperature and atmospheric temperature, which can work all day. Obviously, the combination of two kinds of satellites and two kinds of cloud images can complement each other and improve the accurate effect of weather forecast.

Up to now, some meteorological satellites have developed into multi-purpose earth observation satellites mainly used for meteorology, which are not only used to improve the accuracy and precision of weather forecasting, but also used for ocean observation, ice and snow and hydrological monitoring, crop growth, plant diseases and insect pests and soil moisture monitoring. And play an increasingly important role in the national economy.