Requesting the press release of China Youth Daily's "Three Color Report"
If it exceeds 10,000 words, you can only post two articles
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(Black Ode)
1
Shandong Piston Factory is located in Binzhou City, a small city on the lower reaches of the Yellow River. In 1992, it won the "seven consecutive championships" in national reviews, and its products sell well in the United States, Japan and Europe. Today, thick smoke is rising over the piston factory, and the piston has turned into a "fire plug"...
This is the first major fire in Shandong Province in 1993.
This is the largest fire in the history of Binzhou City.
The employees of Shandong Piston Factory will never forget this tragic scene: the shiny aluminum alloy pistons are beyond recognition, and some have actually melted; the iron cover covering the motor is severely twisted and deformed; the delicate CNC The precision machine tools were paralyzed... They resented the perpetrators and cursed the evil fire demon. Over the years, the giant ship of the piston factory has brought them so much pride, comfort and joy like a fisherman's harvest! However, at the critical moment when they were ambitiously establishing the China Bohai Piston Group, just after New Year's Day and the Spring Festival was approaching, disaster struck.
Is it the ruthless nature of heaven, or is it fate that manipulates people?
The Shandong Pistons are confused.
The wisps of scorched smoke drifted away, causing people to feel confused, angry, sympathetic, or secretly happy...
2
Tired and sleepy The fire brigade received SOS again...
At 5:40 on January 5, 1993.
The officers and soldiers of the squadron directly under the Binzhou District Fire Brigade dragged their extremely tired bodies back to the station. The fire at the Binzhou Yellow River Maintenance Department Cotton Fiber Factory that was just extinguished caused an estimated loss of less than 10,000 yuan. It would not attract any special attention at any level of reporting. But it was very difficult for them to save her, and it took them 6 hours. Now I can finally take a break. Many soldiers fell asleep without washing...
Just 15 minutes later, 119, the most nervous and sensitive nerve in our society was violently stirred——
"Shandong Pistons" The factory is on fire!"
40 seconds passed, and the officers and soldiers were on the road again.
Shandong Piston Factory is located northeast of the fire squadron, 1.1 kilometers away. In the blink of an eye, two fire trucks arrived at the fire scene. According to the factory's security department, the fire occurred in a workshop of the fifth factory of the piston factory. The equipment in this workshop was imported from abroad, operated by microcomputer, and has a high degree of mechanization. The entire workshop is worth more than 10 million yuan. Now, it is completely enveloped in billowing smoke.
After a quick reconnaissance, squadron commander Sun Zhigang decided to park one vehicle at the west gate of the workshop, one of his water cannons to attack from the west door, the other water cannon to go around to the south gate to put out the fire, and the second vehicle to park in the workshop. Water supply is provided at an above-ground fire hydrant 50 meters to the south. At this time, the west gate was blocked by toxic smoke, and the water flow from the water gun was like a mud cow entering the sea, with no effect. Sun Zhigang said to the two team members behind him: "Squat down and go in!" The people from the security department who were standing next to them hurriedly stopped them: "You can't go in! The main ventilation ducts in the east and west directions are all burned. It's dangerous!" The fire officers and soldiers turned a deaf ear to them. In a space less than half a meter above the ground, while moving forward with difficulty, water guns were fired at the ceiling to prevent it from collapsing. When they entered about 30 meters, they finally discovered the burning area in the northeast of the workshop, and high-pressure water jets poured over it instantly. At the same time, the force attacking from the south gate had also entered the workshop after knocking down a brick wall. After the new police officer Zhang Lixin of the training team and his soldier Wei Liang extinguished the flames coming from the south, they crawled between the stacks of pistons several meters high! Their situation is extremely dangerous. If the pile is knocked down or shot down, it will be like a domino, and no one will be spared. In the thin line between life and death, they moved forward cautiously...
At 6:30, the Yellow River water tanker from the Binzhou District Fire Brigade came for reinforcements. Deputy detachment leader Li and deputy chief of staff Shao, who had arrived at the fire scene to take command, made new deployments of their forces. The water cannon attached to the Yellow River vehicle attacked from the east gate. Strong-pressure water shot toward the 4-meter-high skylights on the north and south sides, causing the glass to shatter and a large amount of smoke to be discharged. At this point, a three-sided attack on the fire was formed. At about 7 o'clock, the fire was completely controlled. Dozens of piston factory workers entered the workshop with 8Kg dry powder fire extinguishers to put out the remaining fire in the oil pan.
At 7:30, the huge fire at the Shandong Piston Factory was completely extinguished.
The tense nerves of the fire officers and soldiers suddenly relaxed. Several old workers said fondly: "These children haven't slept all night!" The soldiers wanted to smile gratefully for their understanding and consideration, but they seemed unable to do so. Silently putting away their cold water guns, with black tired faces as if they had just emerged from a coal mine, and dragging their heavy combat uniforms that were completely soaked, they set out on their way home.
The calendar for this day has this reminder: Today is Xiaohan, the seventh day of the 29th.
Three
Production is the addition of hard work and sweat, and disaster is the division that sweeps away everything. The gluttonous fire demon sneered again.
People, please hang up the Sword of Damocles...
A huge fire occurred at the Shandong Piston Factory, burning down 4 piston production lines, 2 ventilation ducts were reduced to ashes, and a large number of machine tools, veneers, etc. The machine was scrapped, causing direct economic losses of more than 970,000 yuan. The cause of the fire was quickly discovered: On that day, Sun Chengsheng (unlicensed), an electrician from the Huantai County House Repair Company who was responsible for installing the ceiling and ventilation ducts in the first workshop of the Fifth Factory, was welding the hanging bars when a molten bead fell from the welding. The polystyrene insulation material ignited on the ventilation duct below, and the fire broke out.
A heavy loss and a profound lesson. The leaders of the factory took the blame and blamed themselves. The director fined himself 5,000 yuan and the deputy director 3,000 yuan, which is very touching. But through these dazzling virtual lights, we will see the depth of the problem and the underlying problems:
(1) The factory used combustible materials to destroy the factory building without the approval of the fire department. furnish. The "Shandong Province Fire Management Measures" clearly stipulates: "New construction, expansion and reconstruction projects should be submitted to the local fire supervision agency for architectural design fire protection review in accordance with relevant national and provincial regulations." But when a fire occurs, Binzhou area fire protection The detachment also did not receive any materials applied for renovation by the factory.
(2) The factory lacks a strict fire safety system and does not provide any fire prevention knowledge education to the external construction team. The welding operation was carried out in serious violation of regulations without a fire permit or supervision from the security department. When the fire first broke out, Chen, a migrant worker, took out the dry powder fire extinguisher from the fire box, but gave up because no one could use it. The migrant workers realized that they had caused a big trouble, but they just tried in vain to remove the insulation board from the ventilation duct. They fled in droves after a sudden power outage in the workshop. From the time the fire broke out at 5:10 until the fire brigade received the alarm at 5:55, a full 45 minutes were wasted.
(3) A certain provincial design department selected polystyrene, a flammable insulation material, during design. This material is a first-class flammable solid and can release a large amount of extremely toxic gases when burned. The fire was caused by welding molten beads falling on polystyrene, and this is why it was difficult to put out the fire.
In modern management science, there is a vivid barrel theory: the water capacity of a barrel depends on the shortest piece of wood that makes up the barrel.
Entrepreneurs who are making waves in the sea of market economy, is your "shortest plank" safe for fire protection? Please remember this sentence: No one can ignore safety and pay the price.
"Red Warning"
A fire that displaced 50,000 compatriots and killed 193 people; a fire that burned 1 million hectares of land and burned 850,000 people A fire with cubic meters of stored materials; a fire that led more than 50,000 soldiers and civilians to encircle and suppress it for 25 days and nights. Where did it come from, why, and how did it burn?
"This is fire from heaven." ——An old lady in the disaster area said.
"This is related to the 'El Niño' phenomenon. There is a burning line around the 53° north latitude line." ——A cadre said.
"No matter how strong the wind is, it can't blow fire." ——The Director of Forest Management of Daxinganling said.
"The five fire sources were caused by forestry workers' violation of systems and operating procedures." - A series of reports so far tell people this.
Yes, reality often gives us more than one answer. Today, the fire is extinguished. However, the lessons left by the disaster to mankind are eternal.
Let’s start with a few short stories.
The story about fire
A. The story of Jigedaqi
The Greater Khingan Mountains *** has a population of 310,000. It is a country that relies on timber and silviculture. Forest industry enterprises with production as the main body. The capital is Jiagedaqi - meaning Beauty Pine, a good name given by the minority languages.
Although the population here is not dense and there are not many factories, the streets are neat and the transportation is convenient. Almost everything in a metropolitan city is available here.
Many reporters who rushed to fight the fire could not imagine that there is such a graceful forest city located in the deep mountains and old forests.
However, they were at a loss. This place is not called a town or a city, but is called a "plus district". "Why can't it be called a city?" A government official told reporters that Daxinganling is a forest industry enterprise directly under the Ministry of Forestry. The local administration belongs to Heilongjiang Province, and the territory belongs to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
One daughter-in-law and three mothers-in-law. It dare not call it a "city". Once it is called a "city", the issue of administrative ownership will be disputed. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region wants to take it back, and Heilongjiang Province is unwilling to let go of this "fat on the edge of the bowl" easily, let alone treating it as a "fat on the edge of the bowl". Where is the forest department, the apple of your eye? Therefore, Jagadaqi had no choice but to feel aggrieved.
Daxinganling has become a true "one servant and three masters". In addition to turning over tens of millions of yuan to Heilongjiang's local finance, the company's annual profits must also be turned over to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in "land use fees" of several million yuan, and to the Forestry Department in management fees of several million yuan.
In 1985, the State Council stipulated that Daxinganling could set aside nearly 50 million yuan in afforestation funds from corporate profits. Vice Premier Tian Jiyun once instructed that afforestation funds should be "taken from forests and used for forests."
Even this funding has to be deducted seven to eight times, and a large part of it is used by the Forestry Department for other purposes. Excluding the energy and transportation fees and the funds for maintaining forest management agencies, only 9% is used for forest protection. This part is divided into several projects such as forest management, forest fire prevention, pest control, wildlife and nature reserve construction. Very few of them are actually used in forest fire prevention.
Roads are the nerve and blood of the forest area. With roads, they can not only serve as fire isolation zones, but also provide transportation conditions for quickly extinguishing wildfires. Developed countries in the world attach great importance to the construction of forest roads. The roads in these countries have reached 5-7.5 kilometers per hectare of forest land. my country's Yichun Forest has 2.2 kilometers of roads per hectare, while the Daxinganling Mountains only have 1.1 kilometers of roads per hectare. Reports on road construction were submitted to the Ministry of Forestry year after year, and the Ministry of Forestry pushed it to the State Planning Commission, which in turn pushed it back to the Ministry of Forestry; the Planning Department of the Ministry of Forestry pushed it to the Department of Forestry and Conservation, and the Department of Forestry and Protection in turn pushed it to the Planning Department. "Pass the hand", no one is willing to pay for it.
Solving the Zicheng problem is not only a channel to save wood and reduce waste, but also an important measure to solve fire hazards. Replacing wood with coal is a smart idea. Coal is available locally, and the Gulian Coal Mine in Xilinji can provide a large amount of coal for domestic use. But it also suffers from the lack of roads. "We need to build a road to connect the ancient lotus trees." The leaders of the Daxinganling Forestry Bureau have long made this determination. They cannot ask for money from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, and they have to go to the Ministry of Forestry. But the Ministry of Forestry has been slow to issue the planned targets. If you don’t give us the money, we will solve it ourselves. Daxing’anling is preparing to squeeze out money from the allocated forest protection and fire prevention funds to build roads. The Ministry of Forestry is also claiming that there is no such document. They are not allowed to use the money. They had no choice but to cut and play at the same time, and built a gravel road from Gulian to Tuqiang. It was this road that actually became a barrier and played an important role in putting out the fire. But so far, this road construction cost is still in the deficit column of the local government.
Likewise, forest watchtowers are the eyes of the forest area. Due to insufficient funds, the forest watchtowers in Daxinganling are only 1/3 of those in Yichun. The lack of a watchtower made it impossible to determine the direction of the fire.
During the "5·7" fire, due to errors in position judgment, correct command was once affected. 400 eager forest police officers and men were ordered to rush to the rescue. After four days of running around, they found no fire to put out.
It’s really “three monks with no water to drink”! This kind of institutional structure and management model, which is full of shortcomings, will not be reformed if it is not reformed!
B. The Story of the Money Bag
Eight years of economic system reform has achieved remarkable results, but the framework of the old system has obviously restricted the faster economic development.
Due to the institutional flaws in the Greater Khingan Mountains, fire prevention work is inherently deficient. The fire prevention headquarters belongs to the local government, the forest police belongs to the armed forest police force, and the airborne fire-fighting team belongs to the Northeast Aviation Forestry Bureau.
Another tripartite confrontation!
Each of the three companies has its own economic interests, and it is difficult to form a coordinated fighting whole.
With the expansion of opening up to the outside world, a forest protection and fire prevention center has been established in Daxinganling since 1985, and many people have been organized to go abroad for training here. Zhang Fengming, deputy commissioner of the Daxing'anling District Administrative Office in charge of fire prevention, said: "We envision the establishment of a fire-fighting team and resource management center with unified organization, unified mobilization, unified command, modern equipment, and strong combat effectiveness. However, the Ministry of Forestry has not expressed its position until this year. On May 5, on the eve of the forest fire, we were still fighting for bonuses."
Mohe County is the northernmost county in my country and has considerable economic benefits. The local area has abundant warehouses and warehouses, the county has a lot of money and resources, and the office buildings and various public welfare facilities are beautifully constructed. But when it comes to fire prevention investments, they are stingy.
Logically speaking, Mohe County, where the Xilin Ji Forestry Bureau is located, should build a weather station, or even a weather sentry, but they are reluctant to spend the money, and no one cares about it.
The reporter asked this question to a deputy secretary of the county. He hesitated and said: "There is it in the 'Arctic Village'."
There is indeed a weather station in Arctic Village, 80 kilometers away from the county seat, which belongs to the National Meteorological Administration and is responsible for the exchange of global meteorological data. Station director Zhou Ruqiang told reporters that they do not have the responsibility or task of providing weather forecasts for Mohe County. Besides, the microclimate will be different at a distance of 80 kilometers. That being said, this station proactively provides weather conditions to the county every year during the fire and flood season. Who would have thought that Mohe County, a "beneficiary unit", would refuse to pay these hundreds of yuan for long-distance phone calls. Stationmaster Zhou smiled bitterly: "A few days ago, I was arguing with a responsible comrade in the county over this matter."
During the fire fighting process, there were planes in the sky and armored vehicles on the ground, carrying out artificial rainfall and opening up roads. The raw soil isolation zone... Some people have calculated that this scale, large corps, and three-dimensional fire fighting and disaster relief will cost nearly one million yuan every day just for military supplies and logistical supplies.
Who should settle this account?
The fragmented departmental ownership has caused such a strange phenomenon: usually they are unwilling to invest more in forest protection, but when a fire breaks out, they lose a lot of money.
The crowd said: "Tie your money bag tightly when you are fighting a fire, but put your money bag down when you put out the fire. This money is wasted!"
C. The story of two "Ma Daha" and four "drunkards"
Please understand that we have used the offensive word "Madaha". However, in real life, many of our opportunities are lost in the hands of these "Ma Daha"!
Several fires have been caused in forested areas due to the use of brush cutters. This spring, the Daxinganling Forestry Management Bureau issued a notice prohibiting the use of brush cutters during the fire prevention and martial law period. The deployment was done, but there was no supervision or inspection. On April 28, the notification was received by a deputy section chief of the command section of the regional fire prevention headquarters. He only notified 5 of the 8 forestry bureaus. It was precisely the third bureau in the North that had suffered devastating losses and was not notified.
On May 5, the phone record of the Mohe County Fire Prevention Office clearly recorded the strong wind forecast and high temperature warning from the regional meteorological station: On May 7, the strong winds could reach "fire danger level" and the temperature would rise to 23℃. At this moment, it was one day before two fires broke out in Mohe; two days before the fire engulfed Mohe County!
Such a major meteorological change did not touch the insensitive nerves of the director of the county fire prevention office. He did not report it to the comrade in charge, but kept the warning in his office.
Neglect of duty and insensitivity are not only shown before a fire, but there are also examples of this during fire fighting and disaster relief. A car driver who participated in fire fighting and disaster relief from a certain bureau in the Daxinganling area told us such a story.
"On the Western Front, our car often drove the head of the command headquarters. One day, a deputy commander-in-chief went to inspect the fire situation.
"We passed through the sea of fire and came to a defense area. The fire all over the mountain was roaring and burning, and it was about to burn through the defense line, but there was no one on the defense line. Where are people? I was sitting there drinking. Stop talking about it, I'm so angry.
"The deputy commander asked: 'Why not start the fire? Who is the leader?' Guess what the four brothers said: 'What the hell, we take care of this problem, what do you do?'
“When I heard that he was the deputy commander-in-chief or the leader of the provincial government, the four brothers became nervous and said they would organize a beating immediately. Later, one of them showed us the way to another fire. It was from the local forest farm, and he just got Daoer by mistake. Having no other choice, he turned back and walked back to the place where they were drinking. Look at those three brothers, they sent us away, didn’t move our homes, and were still sitting there drinking! ”
The stories of two “Madhabs” and four “drunkards” are almost absurd, and they are isolated phenomena. They cannot and should not become our representatives. But in the chain of the state machine, How can the machine run normally if there are so many gears that are defective?
D. The story of Fenghuo Opera
Let us zoom out to Mohe County and focus on In terms of fire prevention work, we may be able to discover something from the plot before this tragedy.
In the past, Mohe County had an armed forest police force composed of more than 70 capable young men, mainly responsible for Fuke. Of course, it has also assisted the Xilin Ji Forestry Bureau in putting out many mountain fires.
However, this forest police team, known as the "Forest Guards" by the masses, was "invited" to leave the country.
The thing is like this. There are gold deposits in Fuke Mountain. In order to increase economic income, the county has recruited some idle laborers to mine and pan for gold. Some problems that affect the natural ecological environment will inevitably occur during mining. Relevant laws and regulations charge fees. Because someone in the county had committed fraud many times, he was fined more than 12,000 yuan by the forest police team, which left a legacy of resentment.
One day in November last year, the forest police on duty stopped the car of the deputy manager of the county gold company. , checked the mountain entry permit, and a dispute arose due to this. Then the county public security bureau opened a case for investigation, the Audit Bureau checked whether there were financial problems with the fine, and the Price Bureau also sent people to check whether the forest police team had overcharged for the "mountain entry permit"...< /p>
This kind of thing is not surprising, but the result is that the leader of Mohe County patted his chest and promised: "The forest police have been withdrawn, and the forest protection and fire prevention work will be managed by us, and we guarantee that it will be managed well. "After the relevant leaders in the area made a decision, the forest police team evacuated Mohe.
The "lawsuit" is over. As for forest protection and fire prevention work, although the county has established a rapid fire team composed of 30 people, But firstly, there was no wind-powered fire extinguisher, and secondly, after the fire broke out, people missed the forest police again: "If the forest police team were here, they would pick up the wind-powered fire extinguisher and put it out early." Got it! "However, it's too late.
Let's take another look at the county's firefighting work. Last spring, a fire broke out in the county pastry factory, the fire truck came with sirens, and the water gunners raised their water guns and set out Who would have thought that there is not a drop of water in the water tank of the fire truck?
Usually, fire trucks are mostly used to pick up and drop off people from the station. Since this spring, no matter how strong the wind is, the siren will sound sometimes. As time goes by, people get used to it, and no one takes the fire truck seriously anymore.
An old cadre said meaningfully: "This is called playing with the princes with beacon fire!"
From the above stories, it is not difficult to see that due to the inadequacies of the system, Coordination, due to the dereliction of duty by some cadres and the relaxation of vigilance against catastrophic fires, the seeds of disaster have already been planted in the Greater Khingan Mountains, the green treasure house of our motherland.
A meeting that never goes away
On the afternoon of May 6, in the tall gray building of the Mohe County Committee, the County Standing Committee was in full swing.
"Why are there clouds of fog rising in the distance? Is there a fire on the mountain?" Everyone was talking about it. A leader of the county party committee picked up the phone and asked the county fire prevention office. The answer was that there was a fire at Hewan Forest Farm. "Okay, let's concentrate on continuing the meeting!" The venue returned to calm. "Fires in the mountains are like traffic accidents in the city. They occur every year." As one leader said, this fire did not attract enough attention from everyone.
At the moment when the fire was igniting, during the dangerous period of spring fire prevention, when there were high temperature and wind warnings, in a forest-based county, the Standing Committee met so calmly.
After a while, someone else noticed smoke rising from the direction of the Gulian Forest Farm. "What happened? Another fire broke out?"
Finally - the original agenda of the meeting remained unchanged, but was moved to the Fire Prevention Office. Listen to the fire situation and hold a meeting at the same time.
The meeting continued as usual...
From 2 to 4 a.m. in August, when the flames from the Gulian Fire Ground were still raging in the houses, the county was divided into different levels. The enlarged meeting of the County Standing Committee and the meeting of cadres at the deputy section level and above were held, which lasted more than 2 hours. At this moment, the flames that turned back calmly devoured a number of houses.
A similar meeting was held at the same pace in another fire area, Pangu Forestry Company in Tahe County. That night, fire surrounded Pangu Forestry Company, which owns the largest lumberyard in the country, from three sides. The situation was extremely serious. At 21:30, the Daxinganling Forest Police Airlift Team, known as the "Red Boy's Death Squadron", arrived in time. The villagers were delighted: Now, Pangu was saved. Unexpectedly, as soon as they got off the bus, instructor Zhang Guohua was called to attend a meeting. At 23:45, several county leaders were still arguing about "where to fight, how to fight, and what to do if the fight cannot be eliminated." Outside, strong winds were blowing, and the fire had already turned red into the night sky. Hundreds of forest police members holding wind-powered fire extinguishers stamped their feet anxiously as they looked at the fire that was about to enter the town. Instructor Zhang inside the room was irritated by this endless meeting: "You guys study, we're going to start a fire!" He led his troops towards the oncoming fire. At this moment, the fire was only a few dozen meters away from the ammunition depot...
We don’t just “meet and discuss things” as usual. The problem is that under special circumstances, special mobilization methods and working methods are required. This is the efficiency and adaptability of an organization.
The fire is merciless to the efficiency of bureaucracy!