What are the causes of climate?
1. Tropical rainforest climate:
Cause of formation: controlled by the equatorial low pressure zone all year round?
Climate characteristics: high temperature and rain all year round?
Distribution pattern: between 10° north and south latitude?
2. Tropical grassland climate:
Cause of formation: alternately controlled by equatorial low pressure belts and trade wind belts?
Climate characteristics: high temperature throughout the year, with two obvious dry and wet seasons?
Distribution pattern: between 10° north and south latitude to the north and south Tropic of Cancer?
3. Tropical monsoon climate :
Causes of formation: seasonal movement of pressure and wind belts and differences in thermal properties between sea and land?
Climate characteristics: high temperatures throughout the year, distinct seasons of drought and rain?
Distribution pattern: The east coast of the continent between 10° north latitude and the Tropic of Cancer?
4. Tropical desert climate:
Cause of formation: controlled by the subtropical high pressure belt and trade wind belt all year round ?
Climate characteristics: high temperature and little rain throughout the year?
Distribution pattern: the interior of the continent and the west coast between the Tropic of Cancer and 30° north and south latitude?
5. Subtropical monsoon climate and humid monsoon climate (two types):
Cause of formation: difference in thermal properties between sea and land?
Climate characteristics: high temperature and rain in summer, mild and less rain in winter?
< p>Distribution pattern: The east coast of the continent between 25° and 35° north and south latitude?6. Mediterranean climate:
Cause of formation: alternating between subtropical high pressure belt and westerly belt Control?
Climate characteristics: hot and dry in summer, mild and rainy in winter?
Distribution pattern: the west coast of the continent between 30°-40° north and south latitude?
7. Temperate maritime climate:
Cause of formation: controlled by westerly winds all year round?
Climate characteristics: mild and rainy all year round?
Distribution pattern: north and south latitudes The west coast of the continent between 40°-60°?
8. Temperate monsoon climate:
Cause of formation: difference in thermal properties between sea and land?
Climate characteristics: high temperature in summer Rainy, cold and dry in winter?
Distribution pattern: the east coast of the continent between 35°-55° north latitude?
9. Temperate continental climate:
Cause of formation: Deep inside the continent, affected by continental air masses?
Climate characteristics: Cold winters, hot summers, drought and little rain throughout the year?
Distribution pattern: 30°-60° north and south latitude ° within the continent?
10. Subpolar continental climate:
Cause of formation: There are cold and high pressure centers in the central and eastern parts of Eurasia, with light winds , less clouds, intense ground radiation cooling, and the strongest continental nature.
Climate characteristics: Summer days are long, the average temperature in July is above 15°C, and the annual temperature range is extremely large. There is very little precipitation throughout the year, concentrated in the warm season. There is less snow in winter, but evaporation is weak and melts slowly. It is covered with snow for 5 to 7 months every year, and the snow thickness is about 600 to 700mm.
Distribution pattern: Distributed in the area of 50°N or 55°N to 65°N.
11. Polar tundra climate:
Cause of formation: Its latitude is close to or within the polar circle, so the phenomena of polar day and polar night are obvious. Temperatures are low during the polar night, but the adjacent ocean is slightly warmer than the subpolar continental climate.
Climate characteristics: Winter occurs all year round, and the average monthly temperature is around 0℃~10℃ for only 1 to 4 months of the year. Temperatures are low during the polar night, but the adjacent ocean is slightly warmer than the subpolar continental climate. The average temperature in the coldest month is between -20℃ and 40℃. The average temperature in the hottest month is around 1-5℃. In July and August, the nighttime temperature can still drop below 0℃.
Distribution pattern: Distributed in the northern edge of North America and Eurasia, part of the coast of Greenland and several islands in the Arctic Ocean. In the southern hemisphere, it is distributed in the Malvinas Islands (Falkland Islands), South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands.
12. Polar ice sheet climate:
Cause of formation: It is the source of ice ocean air mass and Antarctic air mass.
Climate characteristics: It is severely cold all year round, with the average monthly temperature below 0℃, and it has the lowest annual average temperature in the world. There are long periods of extreme day and night throughout the year. The annual precipitation is less than 250 mm, which is all dry snow and will not melt. It accumulates over a long period of time to form a very thick ice sheet. There are strong winds all year round, cold winds and snow, and poor visibility.
Distribution pattern: Distributed on several islands in Greenland, Antarctica and the Arctic Ocean. It is the source of ice ocean air mass and Antarctic air mass.
Extended information:
The factors that affect climate are:
1. Solar radiation factors, underlying surface factors, atmospheric circulation factors and human activity factors. Solar radiation factor is the fundamental driving force of climate. Such factors include: latitude factors, etc. The underlying surface factors play a very important role in the formation of climate. Such factors include: ocean currents, ground vegetation, topography and geology, etc.
2. Atmospheric circulation factors themselves are components of climate and have a direct impact on the formation of climate in a certain place. The main factors are: the average condition of the air mass, the average condition of the air flow, etc.
3. The influence of geographical factors on climate formation is reflected in the shape of the earth, earth movement, distribution of sea and land, topography, air currents, ocean currents, etc. However, the influence of geographical factors on climate formation can be mainly attributed to on radiation factors.
4. Latitude factor: Earth’s shape and movement
Different geographical latitudes receive different amounts of heat, causing different climates; usually, the higher the latitude, the lower the temperature. ; The most precipitation occurs in the equatorial region, and the least precipitation occurs near the poles. Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland, and less precipitation on the west coast and inland.
5. Solar radiation is a source of thermal energy for the ground and the atmosphere, and the balance of ground heat is an important factor affecting climate formation. Solar radiation is mainly affected by latitude and
6, the earth's rotation and revolution changes, sea and land distribution, and topography. For the entire earth, the balance of ground heat is almost zero, but for different regions, the heat received by the ground is different, which will have an impact on the formation of climate. At the same time, after the ground receives heat, it continuously exchanges heat with the atmosphere. Each component in the heat balance process also has an important impact on climate formation.
7. Atmospheric circulation and weather systems. Factors that affect climate include temperature, rainfall, air pressure and wind.
8. The main effects of ocean currents on climate are humidity and heat.
Warm currents play a role in warming and humidifying the climate in coastal areas. For example, the formation of the maritime climate in Western Europe directly benefits from the warm and humid North Atlantic Ocean Current.
The cold current plays a role in cooling and dehumidifying the climate in coastal areas. For example, the cold current on the west coast of the continent (southern hemisphere) played a certain role in the formation of desert environments on the west coast of Australia and the Pacific coast of Peru.
9. Topography plays an important role in the formation of local climate. For example, the sunny slope effect and shady slope effect, windward slope and leeward slope effect in mountain climate. Roughly speaking, terrain mainly blocks and lifts airflow.
The windward slopes of mountains receive more precipitation, while the leeward slopes receive less precipitation. The influence of terrain on climate formation is that with high altitude and few clouds, direct solar radiation is enhanced, scattered radiation is reduced, temperature is reduced, and humidity is reduced. Different terrains also have different impacts on climate, and the impact of plateau on climate is very obvious.
10. Human activities: affect local climate by changing ground conditions. For example, artificial afforestation can improve the climate in local areas, while arbitrary deforestation can worsen the local climate. In addition, human activities can also form heat island effects. Global warming is caused by human activities.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Climate